玻璃瓶装人血白蛋白中铝离子浓度关键影响因素的分析

目的分析玻璃瓶装人血白蛋白中铝离子浓度的关键影响因素。方法制备含20μmol/L柠檬酸钠的人血白蛋白样品(A组),A组中加入100μmol/L的柠檬酸钠,使其终浓度为120μmol/L(B组),分装于Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类玻璃瓶中,进行57℃热加速试验,于第0、7、14、21及28天取样,检测铝离子浓度,确定影响铝离子浓度的直接因素;同时检测不同浓度柠檬酸钠(20、40、60、80、100、120μmol/L)对两种玻璃瓶装人血白蛋白中铝浓度的影响。结果热加速试验第28天,Ⅰ类玻璃瓶A、B组样品中铝离子浓度分别为63. 2和238. 1μg/L,Ⅱ类玻璃瓶分别为18. 6和93. 1μg/L,B组铝离子浓度的升高幅度高于A组,Ⅱ类玻璃瓶低于I类玻璃瓶。含80、100、120μmol/L柠檬酸钠浓度的Ⅰ类玻璃瓶装样品铝离子浓度分别为212. 9、178. 4、205μg/L,接近或超过200μg/L的规定,Ⅱ类玻璃瓶样品铝离子浓度均低于200μg/L。结论人血白蛋白中柠檬酸钠是造成产品铝离子浓度升高的直接因素,降低柠檬酸钠浓度及采用Ⅱ类玻璃瓶灌装均可有效抑制铝离子浓度的升高。若使用Ⅰ类玻璃瓶灌装,应控制产品中柠檬酸钠浓度低于60μmol/L。     

人血白蛋白制品中铝含量的分析

目的通过对国产人血白蛋白制品的铝含量分析,使该制品适应即将执行的《中国药典》相关标准的要求。方法以《欧洲药典》的铝含量(200μg/L)为标准,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测制品中的铝含量。结果国内压滤生产的人血白蛋白制品合格率为54%,离心法为28%,生产工艺改进后,铝含量下降幅度平均为62%,且基本达到了欧洲药典的合格标准。结论国内人血白蛋白生产厂家通过对生产工艺的改进,铝含量完全可以控制在欧洲药典的合格标准内。     

检测人血白蛋白制品中微量铝荧光分析法的建立

目的　建立一种人血白蛋白铝含量的检测方法。方法　采用Lumogallion(荧光镓 )作为荧光试剂 ,以 10 %三氯乙酸去除蛋白 ,0 1%邻菲啉消除Fe3+ 的干扰 ,建立人血白蛋白中铝含量的荧光分析法。结果　检测限度为 6ng ml,CV值为 3 99%～ 5 74 % ,回收率为 92 5 %～ 10 5 4 %。结论　该方法操作较为简便 ,速度快 ,适于在原子吸收光谱仪缺乏的条件下 ,作为人血白蛋白制品中微量铝的检测方法     

气相色谱法检测重组人血白蛋白中异丙醇残留量

目的建立重组人血白蛋白产品中异丙醇残留量检测的气相色谱法。方法色谱条件:DB-624毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm,3μm);进样口温度150℃;检测器为FID,温度200℃;空气流量400 ml/min;氢气流量40 ml/min;载气为高纯氮气,流量6.0 ml/min;程序升温:起始温度60℃保留5 min,以40℃/min升至120℃,保持3 min;分流进样,分流比为5∶1;进样量为1μl。以正丁醇为内标,对建立的方法进行专属性、精密度、准确度、耐用性验证,确定该方法的线性范围和检测限。用建立的方法检测3批重组人血白蛋白样品中异丙醇残留量。结果异丙醇浓度在10~300μg/ml范围内,与异丙醇与正丁醇峰面积比的线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),最低检出限为0.09μg/ml;该检测条件下与异丙醇性质相似的甲醇和乙醇对异丙醇的测定基本无影响;异丙醇与正丁醇峰面积比3次检测结果的RSD为0.4%,精密度良好;不同浓度异丙醇分别与重组人血白蛋白等体积混合,3次检测结果的回收率在94.2%~105.0%之间,准确度良好;不同检测器温度和不同进样口温度条件下测定的色谱峰面积的平均RSD分别为1.6%和2.2%,对测定结果基本无影响。3批重组人血白蛋白样品均未检测出异丙醇残留,符合《中国药典》三部(2015版)推荐标准。结论建立的气相色谱法快速、准确,可用于检测重组人血白蛋白中异丙醇的残留量。     

人血白蛋白制品浊度与稳定性的分析

目的 研究和确定浊度测定方法用于人血白蛋白的外观和热稳定性试验。方法 采用美国HACH公司2100N Turbidimeter测定人血白蛋白浊度值。结果 压滤法制备的产品的浊度及其热稳定性试验后的浊度增加百分比明显高于离心法。pH值和稳定剂不影响制品的浊度。结论 人血白蛋白浊度及浊度增加百分比可用于制品的外观和热稳定性试验。     

检测人血白蛋白中铝含量的石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法的建立

目的 建立一种人血白蛋白铝含量的检测方法。方法 用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法检测人血白 蛋白（ＨＡＳ）中的铝含量,并对该方法进行分析。结果 检测限度达１ｎｇ／ｍｌ,检测精确度的ＣＶ值为７．６２％,均达满意标 准。结论 该方法可检测出的铝含量符合ＷＨＯ铝含量应≤２００ｎｇ／ｍｌ的要求,可作为实验室常规的铝含量检测方法。     

人血白蛋白的热处理工艺-Cohn's F-IV沉淀中白蛋白的回收

采用热处理为主的工艺流程回收纯化Cohn’sF－IV沉淀中的白蛋白。回收的白蛋白呈淡黄色,澄清透明,纯度≥98％;单体≥95％;吸收度≤0．03,均符合要求;免疫电泳呈一条沉淀弧。每kgF－IV沉淀可回收白蛋白约60g。回收白蛋白可耐受57℃50h热稳定试验。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血白蛋白制品中乙酰色氨酸的含量

目的应用高效液相色谱法测定人血白蛋白制品中乙酰色氨酸的含量。方法参照《中国药典》三部(2005版)附录ⅢD,采用凝胶色谱柱,以紫外吸收检测器在280nm波长处检测,按照《中国药典》三部(2005版)附录ⅢB中的公式计算人血白蛋白制品中乙酰色氨酸的含量。分析线性关系,计算加标回收率,并验证该方法的重复性。结果乙酰色氨酸含量在0.16～0.64mmol/L的范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.99992;3个浓度梯度(0.16、0.32和0.48mmol/L)乙酰色氨酸的加标回收率分别为100.4%、103.9%和102.8%;连续5次检测人血白蛋白制品中乙酰色氨酸的含量,变异系数为0.46%。结论应用高效液相色谱法测定人血白蛋白制品中乙酰色氨酸的含量,结果准确可靠。     

盐水质量对离子膜的影响及处理

介绍四平昊华化工有限公司对盐水中杂质的处理方法。     

盐水中的杂质对离子膜的影响

分析盐水中杂质对离子膜的影响,提出从水、硬件、工艺和原盐四方面避免盐水中的杂质对离子膜的影响.     

抗生素痢菌净与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光、同步荧光、三维荧光和紫外-可见吸收光谱法,研究了在生理条件下痢菌净(MEQ)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用的光谱学行为。分析了MEQ对HSA的荧光猝灭机制,计算了不同温度下的猝灭常数KSV、结合常数Kb、结合位点数n、热力学参数(如:ΔH、ΔS、ΔG)和结合距离r,并探研了MEQ对HSA构象的影响。结果表明:MEQ对HSA荧光猝灭方式是动态猝灭;结合位点数1;结合距离4.2 nm;MEQ对HSA构象的影响不大。MEQ与HSA间结合作用较弱,作为肠、胃或体外消炎药时,不易被血清白蛋白储存和转运,药物在体内的残留量较少、残留时间较短、所产生的副作用也较小。     

Influence of pH on the aluminum speciation in freeze-dried poly(hydroxo aluminum) intercalated bentonites

Two freeze-dried poly(hydroxo aluminum) intercalated Wyoming bentonites were prepared starting from two different aluminum pillaring solutions. Their charge versus pH properties were studied by zeta potential measurements, potentiometric titrations and calcium sorption measurements in order to determine the speciation of the intercalated Al-species as a function of pH. The structural changes of the intercalated bentonite induced by the pH increase were studied by XRD analysis and N₂ adsorption/desorption measurements. At pH 5 the permanent charge (0.75 meq/g) of the original Wyoming bentonite is completely neutralized by positively charged Al-hydroxo species. With increasing pH the Al-species deprotonate and aggregate until their complete neutralization at pH 9.4. Above this pH the Al-polymers start to dissolve from the clay as Al(OH)₄⁻.     

Preparation and evaluation of mixed-mode resins with tryptophan analogues as functional ligands for human serum albumin separation

Five tryptophan analogues with a hydrophobic indole ring and an amino group on each molecule were used as functional ligands of mixed-mode resins for human serum albumin (HSA) purification.Their adsorption performance was evaluated and the effects of pH and salt addition on HSA adsorption were studied.The resins prepared showed typical pH-dependent adsorption and the highest adsorption capacity and affinity were found at pH 5.0 for all the resins tested.The saturated adsorption capacity was 138.02 mg·g-1 with the tryptaminefunctionalized resin,which significantly decreased at pH below 4.0 due to electrostatic repulsion between ligands and HSA.Moreover,the addition of NaCl or (NH4)2SO4 in media reduced HSA adsorption capacity,although the two salts showed different affecting profiles.The tryptamine-functionalized resin showed the best salt-tolerant performance,and its high adsorption capacity was maintained under high salt concentrations.In addition,the five resins prepared showed good adsorption selectivity for recombinant HSA from Pichia pastoris broth.Molecular docking results between tryptamine and HSA indicated that tryptamine was favorable to bind on Site Ⅱ (indole-binding site) of HSA.     

基于传递函数估计的闭环PID参数自整定

本文基于对被控对象传递函数的估计,提出了一种闭环PID参数整定方法。通过实时采集被控对象的输入输出数据,采用平均相关系数法估计被控对象的传递函数,然后采用时域受限二次型目标函数寻优PID参数。最后用工业应用实例,说明该方法的有效性。     

福州市废旧饮料瓶回收体系及静脉产业园建设方案初探

本文通过分析福州市废旧饮料瓶回收体系建设现状,剖析了现有回收体系存在的不足。初步提出福州市废旧饮料瓶回收体系和静脉产业园建设方案,并设计了废旧饮料瓶回收再利用的节水循环系统。     

光整热镀锌板磷化过程中铝离子的影响及消除

将光整热镀锌板磷化技术用于空调器的生产，探讨了磷化液中铝离子对磷化膜质量的影响，在磷化液中加入氟化钠可消除铝离子的影响，介绍了铝离子的分析方法，该工艺所得磷化膜结晶细致，与涂层附着力好。     

Effects of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride coagulant residuals on polyamide membrane performance

Pretreatment may constitute up to one-fourth of the total costs of a membrane desalting facility. By using preexisting conventional filtration plants for pretreatment, significant cost savings may be realized. However, coagulant residuals from the pretreatment process may negatively affect reverse osmosis (RO) membrane performance. Various RO membranes were tested at three different treatment plants in southern California, using either aluminum sulfate (alum) or ferric chloride coagulants and chloramines. Repeated testing using alum with multiple RO elements revealed rapid deterioration in specific flux (up to 60% over 100 h of operation), as well as progressive reductions in salt rejection (typically 3-4% over 500 h of operation). Microscopic analysis of the fouled membranes revealed that the foulants were primarily aluminum hydroxide and aluminum silicate materials. In contrast to the RO data for alum coagulation, which showed declining membrane flux, the specific flux data using ferric chloride and chloramines increased over time for all membranes. Salt rejection decreased significantly during testing of each membrane. These data suggest that the RO membranes were physically degrading over time. The RO membranes may have been degraded by residual iron catalyzing a chlorine-amide reaction on the membrane surface, despite the fact that chlorine was present as chloramines.     

Effects of anodization and electrodeposition conditions on the growth of copper and cobalt nanostructures in aluminum oxide films

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films were prepared by alternative current (ac) oxidation in sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid solution. The porous structure of the AAO templates was probed by ac electrodeposition of copper. AAO templates grown using an applied square waveform signal in cold sulfuric acid solution exhibit a greater pore density and a more homogeneous barrier layer. UV–vis–NIR reflectance spectra of the Cu/AAO assemblies exhibit a plasmon absorption peak centered at 580 nm, consistent with the formation of Cu nanostructures slightly larger than 10 nm in diameter. Spectroscopic data also indicate that there is little or no oxide layer surrounding the Cu nanostructures grown by ac electrodeposition. The effect of pH of the cobalt plating solution on the magnetic properties of the Co/AAO assemblies was also investigated. Co nanowire arrays electrodeposited at pH 5.5 in H₂SO₄-grown AAO templates exhibit a fair coercivity of 1325 Oe, a magnetization squarness of about 72%, and a significant effective anisotropy. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone on aluminum corrosion in 0.50 M sodium chloride solutions

Effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) have been investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in aerated and de-aerated solutions of 0.50 M NaCl using potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometry (CA), open-circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), cyclic voltammetric, and quartz crystal analyzer (QCA) techniques. These measurements revealed that the presence of NQ shifted the corrosion and pitting potentials to more noble values and decreased the anodic currents in the passive region in both aerated and de-aerated chloride solutions, and the surface and polarization resistances are increased as the concentration of NQ is increased. The most effective concentration of NQ for corrosion inhibition was found to be 1.0 × 10⁻³ M in both aerated and de-aerated chloride solutions. The QCA data indicate that adsorption of NQ molecules plays an important role in protecting the pits on the aluminum surface. The SEM images show that the presence of NQ decreased the severity of the pitting corrosion of aluminum to a great extent at −675 mV versus Ag/AgCl.     

离子及表面活性剂对甜高粱秆渣酶解的影响

为了提高纤维素酶水解经高温液态水处理后的甜高粱秆渣的效率,探讨了多种阴离子、阳离子以及吐温80(Tween 80)对纤维素酶活力的影响,并初步探讨了Tween 80影响甜高粱秆渣酶解的机制。酶激活试验表明,Br^-、I^-、NO₃^-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和Co²⁺对纤维素酶有激活作用,但对甜高粱秆渣的水解效率提高不明显。添加Tween 80发现,随着浓度的增加,它对纤维素酶的抑制作用增强,而Tween 80添加量为0.175 ml·(g甜高粱秆渣)^-1时,甜高粱秆渣的酶解效率由16.6%提高到37.9%。吸附试验表明,甜高粱秆渣对纤维素酶和Tween 80的吸附达到一定限度后不再上升,Tween 80能显著降低甜高粱秆渣对纤维素酶的吸附。红外光谱分析发现,木质素对Tween 80的吸附要强于它对纤维素酶的吸附。