驱油用表面活性剂SH03对原油电脱盐影响研究

在江汉钟市油田原油最佳电脱盐工艺条件下,研究了电脱盐前、后表面活性剂SH03对含盐、含水、总氯、有机氯、原油物性的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂SH03对电脱前原油的总氯、有机氯和原油的部分物性如酸值、硫含量、氮含量和部分金属含量等几乎没有影响,表面活性剂含量≤500μg/g时,对低温脱水、高温电脱盐及电脱后原油的总氯含量和有机氯影响较小。     

有机氯转移剂在塔河油田的实验及应用

针对塔河油田部分油井在生产过程中有机氯超标的问题,在实验室脱氯实验基础上,用现场工业实验验证了实验室实验效果,实验结果表明,有机氯转移剂的加入,可有效降低原油中有机氯的含量;有机氯转移剂加入量为204℃馏分有机氯含量的2~3倍时,有机氯脱除率均可达到80%以上;脱除效果较优的工艺参数条件为:85℃,充分搅拌,最终原油中不能被电脱盐装置脱除的有机氯化物通过添加氯转移剂可被有效除去。     

原油脱钙技术研究

针对某炼厂的原油,采用电脱盐试验装置开展了原油脱钙技术研究,对脱钙剂进行筛选和复配。实验结果表明:在电脱盐温度145℃、电压1 800 V、注水量8%,混合强度为手工振荡400次,破乳剂DM添加量为25μg/g,复配的脱钙剂“乙二胺四乙酸二钠+马来酸酐”(“EDTA-2Na+MA”)添加量为100μg/g的优化工艺条件下,原油经过脱钙处理后,其钙含量可降低至1.2μg/g,脱钙率高达99%,铁含量可降低至4.0μg/g,脱铁率高达92%。通过“电脱盐+脱钙剂”的组合工艺,可有效地脱除原油中的钙、铁等金属含量,减轻了金属杂质对后续装置的不利影响。     

哈萨克斯坦萨吉兹油区地面建设工程原油电脱盐工艺研究

本文根据哈萨克斯坦萨吉兹油区原油、地层水物性、外输交油指标,分析国内外常见原油脱盐技术,结合国内原油脱盐的设计经验,论述了原油电脱盐工艺设计方案选择、脱盐水量的计算和电脱盐设备选型。     

原油脱氯技术的研究进展

原油含氯对炼油工业负面影响巨大。尤其是有机氯代物很难除去,影响石油二次加工,造成管道堵塞,加工设备腐蚀及催化剂中毒。结合原油氯的来源及其腐蚀机理,研制出高效的原油脱氯方案迫在眉睫。梳理了近几年原油脱氯技术的研究进展,并对现有脱氯技术进行总结和展望。     

原油中有机氯的危害及脱除技术

介绍了有机氯对原油加工的危害及有机氯脱除技术的研究现状,讨论了催化加氢脱氯、氯转移剂脱氯、吸附脱氯等技术的特点与局限性,并对有机氯脱除技术的发展进行了展望。     

新型原油脱钙剂YS-302的研发与工业应用

针对原油中钙含量高的问题,选用了YS-302新型高效原油脱钙剂,脱钙率达到65％。考察了脱钙剂用量对脱钙效果的影响,以及对设备的腐蚀性能。工业应用结果表明,该脱钙剂能使原油在电脱盐过程中脱除其中的钙盐、铁盐和镁盐,达到改善原油品质的目的,显著改善电脱盐装置的操作性能。     

高酸重质原油脱钙技术工业应用研究

通过在实验室的间歇和连续原油脱钙评价实验,考察了自主研发的原油脱钙剂针对高酸重质新疆管输原油的脱钙效果,并在某炼厂550万t/a常减压电脱盐装置上进行了工业化试验。实验室评价结果表明,当脱钙剂加量与原油中钙元素含量的质量比达到4.0时,原油脱钙率达到70%以上。工业化试验结果表明,当剂钙质量比为4.0时,原油脱钙率达到73.5%;随着脱钙剂的加入及加量的增大,减四线油、渣油钙含量及石油焦灰分显著降低,焦化加热炉结焦趋势变缓;同时,脱钙剂没有影响电脱盐装置原油脱盐脱水效果,也没有增加电脱外排污水的处理难度。     

微库仑法对测定原油有机氯、无机氯、总氯的探讨和优化

通过对微库仑综合分析仪主要影响参数:温度、气体流量、偏压的选择优化,以GB/T 18612-2001检测原油总氯和萃取后油相有机氯,无机氯测定以SY/T0536-2008测定萃取后水相盐含量转化为无机氯,有机氯无机氯之和计为原油实际总氯,微库仑法总氯计为分析总氯。比较实际总氯和分析总氯的大小关系,验证用微库仑法分析总氯的可行性,经过实验得出分析总氯比实际总氯结果偏小,偏小量约为12%~14%,并提出该误差存在的四种可能性,为炼油装置生产提供一定的参数依据。     

电脱盐操作条件的优化

针对安庆石化炼油二部新Ⅱ套常减压蒸馏装置加工含硫含酸原油及掺炼污油期间电脱盐罐电流异常高、电场强度下降、乳化层杂质多、原油脱后含盐超标、常顶及减顶腐蚀速率上升等问题,分析造成电脱盐罐电流高、原油脱后含盐超标问题的原因,对电脱盐操作参数进行优化,优化后原油脱后含盐含水达到指标要求。     

Characterization of corn oil,soybean oil and sunflowerseed oil nonpolar material

Normal phase preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography were used to isolate fractions of varying polarity from corn, soybean and sunflowerseed oils. Reported here is the composition of one fraction, less polar than triglycerides, determined by isolating the individual ?peaks? of a semi-preparative separation using as starting material the mix of compounds obtained from a large scale separation. These peaks were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (LC) gas chromatography (GC), mass-spectrometry (MS) with and without GC, in both electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) modes, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Semi-quantitative data were obtained for many of the components found in these semi-preparative isolates including hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triterpenyl esters, phytyl esters and geranylgeranyl esters. The weight percent and composition of the preparative fraction differed substantially among the three oils. Corn oil had the greatest amount, at 1.25% of the starting oil, and was composed mostly of steryl and triterpenyl esters. Sunflowerseed oil, at 0.7%, and soybean oil, at 0.3%, showed greater variety in that branched chain esters were included with the steryl/triterpenyl distributions.     

Processing oil shales with heavy oil recycle

Recycle of heavy oil (>340 °C) to the retort, in order to crack/coke the oil to lighter fractions, was investigated as a means of producing shale oil of more desirable product slates. Conversion of heavy oil to light oil (<340 °C) by thermal cracking and coking in the absence of and during oil shale retorting was studied using the CSIRO BIRCOS retort. As expected, the conversion by thermal cracking increased as temperature increased, with most of the net oil loss in the form of gas. By contrast, the conversion by coking alone decreased as temperature increased, with coke representing all the net oil loss. Thermal cracking was found not to be a first-order reaction, by showing a reduced conversion of heavy oil with reduced concentration of oil vapour. Retorting Stuart oil shale with heavy oil feeding and simultaneous cracking and coking showed a conversion of 19.1 g per 100 g feed heavy oil to 10.9 g light oil, 2.2 g gas and 6.0 g coke, with a net oil loss of 3.8 g per 100 g shale oil produced. These data were used to generate a set of parameters for a mathematical model which simulated a heavy oil recycle loop.     

生物质裂解油在柴油中乳化的研究

以乳化液稳定性为评价指标,研究了复配乳化剂、助乳化剂、助乳化剂与复配乳化剂质量比[m(C)m/(T)]及生物质裂解油在乳化液中质量分数的选择,并考察了HLB值、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化方式、搅拌方式对乳化液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:采用质量分数1.7%的T-85和乳化剂A的复配乳化剂,m(C)m/(T)为0.05的正辛醇为助乳化剂,在HLB值为8、乳化温度为20~40℃的条件下,将质量分数5%的生物质裂解油在柴油中高速乳化5m in,其中,乳化方式为T-85溶于生物质裂解油,乳化剂A溶于柴油,边搅拌柴油边加入生物质裂解油,再加入助乳化剂,乳化液的稳定性较好,稳定时间可达20 d。     

油浆抽余油FCC反应

油浆经萃取分离得到以饱和烃为主的理想组分——抽余油。利用该油作为原料进行FCC反应,并与石蜡基重油从原料性质、反应工艺条件、产品分布及性质、再生剂性能等方面进行对比研究。结果表明：抽余油具有良好的FCC性能,其合适的反应条件为剂油比6.0、反应温度520 ℃、重时空速12.0 h?1;在各自最优工艺条件下,抽余油比重油液体收率增加1.69%,生焦率上升0.02%;在相同工艺条件即剂油比5.0、反应温度500 ℃、空速14.4 h?1,抽余油比重油液体收率增加0.19%,生焦率上升2.55%;与重油相比,抽余油FCC汽油辛烷值相当,FCC柴油十六烷值降低3.7,其再生剂失活程度较小。因此,抽余油完全可以替代重油作为FCC的原料,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

Solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in peanut oil

Conclusions Data obtained on the solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in refined peanut oil and the behavior of the mixtures on cooling indicate that freedom from oil separation on storage is largely determined by the nature as well as the amount of solid crystals present in the oil. The results suggest that the best procedure for prevention of oil separation would involve shockchilling the molten mixture to produce the finely divided metastable crystalline modification followed by tempering at such a temperature as to permit transformation of the crystals into the more desirable higher-melting form without changing the finely divided state necessary for improved palatability. The data imply that under controlled conditions any amount of the high-melting modification of the hard fat incorporated in peanut oil above the solubility temperature in excess of 2% should produce a mixture free from oil separation under average storage conditions. The choice of the actual concentration of the hard fat, above the minimum amount, would depend upon the degree of plasticity desired. Ambient temperature to which the mixture is likely to be subjected will influence to a considerable extent the selection of the hard fat content. The information obtained is of fundamental importance in connection with the problem of oil separation in peanut butter. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

无主炼原油的原油调和调度问题

原油在线调和调度对于优化炼油计划和保障先进控制的实施具有重要的意义。此问题复杂度高,需要研究更加高效的求解算法。实际生产过程中,既存在主炼原油和若干种掺炼原油混合炼制的情况,又存在无主炼原油的情况。无主炼原油的情况,油品配对和掺炼比紧密关联,难以直接描述。本文针对无主炼原油的原油调和调度问题提出了一种新颖的描述方式,并给出模型的构造算法,进一步针对其两层结构利用基于序的方案进行了求解,对实际原油性质数据的仿真结果表明,基于序的求解算法可以大幅度提高计算效率。     

Sunflower oil processing from crude to salad oil

World-wide use of sunflower oil is second only to soybean oil. Interest in domestic use as a premium salad oil is very recent. The high ratio of polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids makes sunflower oil a premium salad oil. Sunflower oil, however, contains a small amount of high melting wax which must be removed to avoid settling problems. It is possible to produce a brilliant, dewaxed, deodorized sunflower oil with over a 100-hr cold test at 0 C. This quality oil can be produced by conventional caustic refining, dewaxing, bleaching and deodorization. A quality finished oil may also be produced by dewaxing and steam refining. This paper reviews various methods for processing sunflower oil from the crude state through the finished, dewaxed, deodorized salad oil. Presented at the ISF/AOCS Meeting, New York, April, 1980.