低温干馏椰壳活性炭对苯气体的吸附研究

以椰壳为原料,经过低温干馏、活化,制备了椰壳活性炭.以苯作为吸附质,对制备的椰壳活性炭进行了吸附实验,探索温度对椰壳活性炭吸附性能的影响以及活性炭微观吸附机制,采用比表面积及孔径对椰壳活性炭进行了表征.结果 表明,30℃时所制备的活性炭对苯的饱和吸附量为437.0 mg/g,合适的再生温度为150℃.所制备的椰壳活性炭...     

高效椰壳活性炭对苯蒸汽的吸附动力学研究

基于希洛夫方程(L～θ曲线方程)吸附理论模型,研究在有限吸附速率下,高效椰壳活性炭对苯防护与蒸汽浓度、气流比速以及床层厚度的关系,从而得出高效椰壳活性炭对苯蒸汽的动态吸附方程。     

椰壳纤维制备活性炭纤维的研究

本文以椰壳纤维为原料,采用正交试验方法研究了(NHe)2HPO4作为活化剂,经预处理、炭化和活化过程制备活性炭纤维,其比表面积达到1268.1 m2.g-1,含有一定量的中孔孔结构,主要集中在2～4nm.通过对比分析,得出了各反应条件对反应产物性能的影响,并对活化机理进行了分析.     

气体吸附法研究活性炭表面分形维数

在77K下对几种活性炭进行氮气吸附，得到了孔结构参数，并利用等温吸附数据分析了活性炭的分维。结果表明：在多层吸附早期阶段和高度覆盖期所得的分形维数，变化趋势基本一致；分形维数与活性炭的BET比表面积和总孔容都没有直接的关系，而与特征吸附能和极微孔相对含量较为一致。     

微波加热椰壳制备活性炭的表征及其对苯系物吸附性能的研究

采用微波加热椰壳水蒸气活化法制备了活性炭,采用H-K方程、DFT理论表征了活性炭的孔结构,该活性炭的BET比表面积889m^2/g,平均孔径0.55nm;采用自制的实验装置进行了微波椰壳基活性炭吸附苯系物的工艺探索,研究了气体流速和吸附时间对活性炭吸附苯系物量的影响,当气体流速15m^3/h,吸附时间8d,活性炭5g时,可将实验箱内300mg的苯系物全部脱除,达到了国标GB/T18883-2002对空气中苯系物浓度的要求。     

苯系物在活性炭上吸附过程的研究

以苯、甲苯和间二甲苯二组分及三组分混合物为吸附质,研究了在不同流速和不同柱高下在活性炭固定床上的等温吸附过程.对建立的模型采用正交配点法和四阶龙格-库塔法求解.结果表明,正交配点法具有上机前处理量少、计算量少的优点,计算结果与实验值吻合良好.     

甲烷比高比表面积活性炭上吸附性能的研究

以中温沥青作为粘结剂,研究了石油焦基高比表面积活性炭的成型工艺对其甲烷吸附性能的影响。结果发现;随着粘结剂添加量的增大,成型活性炭对甲烷的质量吸附量逐渐减小,而体积吸附量差别不大。成型压力对成型活性炭的甲烷吸附性能没有明显影响;随着活化温度的提高和活化时间的延长,成型活性炭对甲烷的质量吸附量逐渐增多,而体积吸附量的变化不大;添加粘结剂沥青３８％,８００℃下炭化１．０ｈ后于８００℃下活化１．５ｈｒ所     

椰壳活性炭对苯菲尔溶液中新活化剂ACT-1的吸附实验

1椰壳活性炭使用简介 中海石油化学有限公司一期合成氨装置脱碳工艺是采用苯菲尔溶液专利技术.苯菲尔溶液由25%～30%的K2CO3、3%的活化剂DEA、0.7%～0.8%的钒(以KVO3计)和水组成.由于装置在长时间的运行中,前面工序副反应生成的少量甲醇及其衍生物等有机杂质进入脱碳液,另外DEA本身在运行中也要发生降解,这些有机杂质的产生和累积,改变了苯菲尔溶液的特性,引起溶液起泡和设备腐蚀,由此改变装置运行的稳定性,因此,脱除这些有机杂质是必要的.     

水蒸气法制备椰壳活性炭及其对肌酐吸附效果研究

采用水蒸气活化法制备得到椰壳活性炭,以850℃活化得到微孔率最高的活性炭为吸附剂,考察其对肌酐的体外吸附性能,探讨了吸附时间、肌酐初始质量浓度、吸附温度及pH值对肌酐吸附量的影响。结果表明,微孔率高的（71．0％）椰壳活性炭对肌酐吸附性能良好;30min内吸附量迅速升至57．8mg/g,7h时达到平衡,平衡吸附量为76．4mg/g;在30～70℃温度范围内,肌酐吸附量随温度升高而增加;酸性环境有利于肌酐的吸附,pH值为2时吸附量达到最大,为123．55mg/g。     

汽油饱和蒸气吸附用活性炭的制备

以煤为原料,KOH为活化剂制备活性炭。建立了静态吸附装置,并通过该装置研究了90#汽油在不同活性炭样品上的吸附性能。在制备过程中,考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸脱附性能的影响。研究发现,常温常压下活性炭对汽油饱和蒸气的吸附性能受多个参数的影响,其中BET比表面积影响最大,另外较大的孔、较宽的孔径分布,有利于脱附。同时得到最优的制备条件,碱炭比为5：1、活化温度800℃、活化时间1h。     

枸杞杆制活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

以宁夏农业废弃物枸杞杆为原料,用不同的活化剂分别制备磷酸-活性炭（P-AC）、氢氧化钾-活性炭（K-AC）、磷酸-氢氧化钾-活性炭（P-K-AC）,利用比表面积测试（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）解析活性炭的孔结构和表面特性,并探究活性炭对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的去除效果。研究结果表明：P-K-AC比P-AC、K-AC具有更大的比表面积（1 519.84 m²/g）和总孔体积（0.81 cm³/g）,P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC的平均孔径分别为5.28、2.58、1.99 nm,P-K-AC以微孔为主,K-AC、P-AC均为介孔。3种活性炭表面均分布着丰富的含氧官能团和大量的无定型碳,为吸附MB提供了活性位点。在25 ℃条件下,将10 mg的P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC分别加入50 mL质量浓度为100 mg/L的MB溶液中用于吸附MB实验。结果表明：P-K-AC的吸附效果最好,吸附率达到95%、吸附量为480.81 mg/g;其次是K-AC,吸附量为352.26 mg/g;P-AC吸附量最小,为225.01 mg/g。P-AC,K-AC、P-K-AC对MB的吸附过程都符合伪二级动力学模型、颗粒内扩散模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

The rate of gas adsorption by activated carbon

A study was made of the rate of gas adsorption by activated carbon in terms of the functional dependence of the pseudo first order adsorption rate constant. Benzene was used as the adsorbate vapor and a packed bed column of a Pittsburgh activated carbon as the adsorbent. Benzene at a concentration of 2 × 10^?6 g/cm³, equivalent to a relative pressure of 0·005 at 25°C, was flowed into the carbon bed at superficial linear velocities ranging from 2 to 50 cm/sec. The time at which 1% of the inlet concentration appeared in the exit stream of the bed was the breakpoint time. By applying the Wheeler adsorption kinetic equation to the experimental plot of breakpoint time vs bed weight pseudo first order adsorption rate constants at various linear velocities were determined. Using a presumed mathematical model and an overdetermined set of six equations the Univac 1108 computer provided the coefficients for an expression showing the dependence of the adsorption rate constant on the linear flow velocity.     

The effect of activated carbon surface moisture on low temperature mercury adsorption

Experiments with elemental mercury (Hg⁰) adsorption by activated carbons were performed using a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor at room temperature (27°C) to determine the role of surface moisture in capturing Hg⁰. A bituminous-coal-based activated carbon (BPL) and an activated carbon fiber (ACN) were tested for Hg⁰ adsorption capacity. About 75-85% reduction in Hg⁰ adsorption was observed when both carbon samples’ moisture (∼2 wt.% as received) was removed by heating at 110°C prior to the Hg⁰ adsorption experiments. These observations strongly suggest that the moisture contained in activated carbons plays a critical role in retaining Hg⁰ under these conditions. The common effect of moisture on Hg⁰ adsorption was observed for both carbons, despite extreme differences in their ash contents. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments performed on the two carbons after adsorption indicated that chemisorption of Hg⁰ is a dominant process over physisorption for the moisture-containing samples. The nature of the mercury bonding on carbon surface was examined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. XAFS results provide evidence that mercury bonding on the carbon surface was associated with oxygen. The results of this study suggest that surface oxygen complexes provide the active sites for mercury bonding. The adsorbed H₂O is closely associated with surface oxygen complexes and the removal of the H₂O from the carbon surface by low-temperature heat treatment reduces the number of active sites that can chemically bond Hg⁰ or eliminates the reactive surface conditions that favor Hg⁰ adsorption.     

中高温环境下VOCs在活性炭上的吸附性能研究

选用3种商用活性炭及其分别经HCl溶液和KOH溶液浸渍改性的商用活性炭,研究中高温烟气环境下,反应空速、吸附温度对挥发性有机物（VOCs）吸附性能的影响,以及VOCs种类、吸附剂特性等与VOCs吸脱附效果的关系。研究发现：空速对吸附穿透时间影响较大,但对饱和吸附量影响不显著。吸附温度与VOCs浓度对饱和吸附量存在较大影响,150℃时甲苯的饱和吸附量仅能达到90℃时的40％。高沸点吸附质更易被吸附,更难被脱附。     

气体组成对活性炭吸附放射性气体影响研究

建立了可模拟一定相对湿度气流条件下的活性炭性能评价系统。研究湿度、CO_2及Xe浓度对活性炭吸附放射性气体性能影响。结果表明,一定条件下气流相对湿度升高不利于活性炭吸附放射性气体;对于放射性氪氙,随着CO_2浓度升高,活性炭吸附性能逐渐降低,气流中稳定性氙浓度影响可以忽略。     

有序介孔碳和活性炭对阿莫西林的吸附研究

阿莫西林是废水中一类典型的药品与个人护理品类新型有机污染物,会对周围环境和人体健康造成潜在威胁。以蔗糖为碳源、以SBA-15为模板制备有序介孔碳（OMC）。采用动态吸附法研究其对阿莫西林的吸附行为,并与常规吸附材料商用活性炭（GAC）作对比。探讨了废水中阿莫西林的初始浓度、温度及流速对动态吸附的影响。结果表明：在同等条件下,OMC的吸附能力远强于GAC,以OMC为吸附剂可有效去除废水中的阿莫西林类新型有机污染物。     

向日葵制活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

含有亚甲基蓝（MB）的废液直接排放会造成严重的水体污染。为研究生物质活性炭对MB的吸附性能,以农业废弃物向日葵为原料、磷酸（H₃PO₄）为活化剂,制备粉状活性炭（PAC）和块状活性炭（BAC）,并研究PAC对MB的吸附性能。利用比表面积测试（BET）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）等方法解析活性炭的孔结构和表面特性。结果表明：活性炭前驱体的形状对活性炭的微观结构有较大的影响。PAC比BAC具有更大的比表面积（分别为701.95 m²/g和566.49 m²/g）和总孔体积（分别为2.23 cm³/g和1.04 cm³/g）;PAC和BAC的平均孔径分别为7.31 nm和12.66 nm,均具有介孔材料的结构特性。两种活性炭表面均分布着丰富的含氧官能团和大量疏松的无定形碳,而存在的偏磷酸盐对孔隙起到支撑作用,这为MB的吸附提供了更多的活性位点和吸附通道。在25 ℃、pH为8、PAC用量为50 mg条件下,PAC对100 mL质量浓度为200 mg/L的MB溶液的吸附效果最好,吸附率达到72.2%。吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型、颗粒内扩散模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

Elimination of mercury by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from the biomass material

Following the previous work (Kaghazchi et al., 2010 [11]), dealing with applying a combination of two kinds of agricultural wastes to produce a new adsorbent, this study is dedicated to investigate the details of mercury adsorption process from aquatic medium by this adsorbent. So the Mix-ZC activated carbon (the sample prepared by chemical activation of a mixture of pistachio-nut shells and licorice residues impregnated with zinc chloride) was selected for doing a series of batch adsorption experiments on it. Equilibrium isotherms, such as Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Redushkevich and Temkin have been tested. Kinetic studies based on Lagergren first-order, pseudo-second-order rate expressions and intra-particle diffusion studies have been done. The mechanisms of mercury adsorption onto this adsorbent under the operating conditions were also studied.     

改性活性炭脱除二氧化碳中的微量苯

将工业废气中的CO2回收利用,使之变废为宝具有重要的意义。研究了活性炭(AC)分别经湿氧化和N2还原改性后对苯吸附性能,并测定了改性活性炭的孔结构和表面官能团。结果表明,AC经N2还原改性能增大其比表面积,减少表面含氧官能团,增强其表面非极性,有利于苯的吸附。孔径分布是影响苯吸附的主要因素,吸附剂的孔径分布在0.6nm范围内时,有利于对苯的吸附。