油溶性聚合物在稠油降黏中的研究进展

稠油黏度高、密度大,给开采运输带来巨大的挑战.常用掺稀、加热、乳化等方式对稠油降黏,但各种技术均存在不足和限制.近年来,油溶性降黏剂因其降黏效率稳定、成本较低及操作简便等优点而备受关注,展现出良好的应用前景.油溶性降黏剂大多是由降凝剂发展而来,主要包含3种基团——长链烷基、芳香环和极性基团.该文综述了油溶性稠油降黏剂的发展历程、基本现状、结构特点;分析了油溶性降黏剂中3种关键基团在降黏过程中的不同作用和前人在3种基团方向上的尝试;阐述了降黏机理及3种关键基团对降黏效果的影响;最后指出油溶性降黏剂的不足之处并对其发展趋势进行展望.     

稠油降黏机理及降黏剂合成方法的研究进展

近年来,我国经济和工业飞速发展,这就导致了能源消耗量的逐年增加。非常规原油中的稠油作为一种重要的战略储备能源,其合理高效的开采尤为重要。采取合适的方法对稠油进行降黏处理对于提高稠油采收率及管道运输效率具有重要意义,稠油降黏剂的开发也成为当前研究重点。综述了国内外稠油的致黏机理、各类降黏剂的合成方法及其降黏机理的研究进展,指出了目前降黏剂研究的不足之处,并对其研究方向作出了展望。     

稠油油溶性降黏剂及其降黏机理研究进展

综述了油溶性降黏剂及其降黏机理的研究进展。从四个方面介绍了油溶性降黏剂的研究概况。(1)简述油溶性降黏剂的发展概况及分子结构类型;(2)通过SEM、XRD、IR、分子模拟,从沥青质微观形貌、分子间作用力角度介绍油溶性降黏剂的降黏机理;(3)介绍了油溶性降黏剂的降黏效果以及降黏剂与表面活性剂复配使用的降黏效果;(4)分析了油溶性降黏剂研究和应用中存在的问题,分析认为:在分子水平上,开展降黏剂对稠油胶体体系的影响,才能从根本上阐明油溶性降黏剂的降粘机理。     

新型稠油采收降黏助剂的研制和应用

研制了稠油采收降黏助剂，表面活性剂单体选用了主要成分为木质素磺酸盐的造纸废液作为分散剂，减少了环境污染。配方定型和配方复配中，将降黏剂改为两剂型，有效利用了溶解热。对该降黏剂进行了稠油乳化降黏实验，稠油黏度由8371mPa·s降至23，2mPa·s，总降黏率达99％以上。室内和现场实验效果良好，解决了稠油采收的难题，提高了稠油油藏的采收率。     

降黏剂对稠油中的胶质作用研究

三种稠油测定结果表明,稠油黏度与其自身胶质含量密切相关。合成了两种新型降黏剂,即降黏剂1(VR-1)和降黏剂2(VR-2),该新型降黏剂对新疆稠油表现出较好的降黏效果,且后者的降黏效果优于前者。紫外-可见结果表明,与VR-1相比,VR-2对胶质的分离效果更好,这可能与降黏剂VR-2与胶质分子形成更强氢键作用来分散了胶质聚集体并改变了其原始的致密结构有关,红外测定结果表明胶质分子中含有较多的杂原子和极性基团,为氢键的形成提供有利条件。综上,两种降黏剂对稠油中的胶质具有不同作用的原因得到解释。     

表面活性剂三元复配技术用于稠油降黏的研究

针对辽河油田超稠油开采过程中的难降黏问题,根据乳化降黏机理,在表面活性剂单剂及阴-非离子表面活性剂二元复配降黏体系研究的基础上,探究阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和非离子型OP-10、吐温-80三元复配体系对稠油降黏率、乳化率及乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,阴-非离子表面活性剂三元复配体系对稠油的降黏及乳化效果,比二元复配体系的降黏及乳化效果差。因此,在采油生产中,通过增加表面活性剂的种类以提高稠油降黏效果的方法并不合适,应根据稠油类型和表面活性剂降黏的实验数据,正确选择表面活性剂的复配体系。     

油田助剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类系列水溶性降黏剂的合成

针对河南南阳新庄油田稠油特性以及大量的实验基础上,研发合成了一种烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类(OP)水溶性的稠油降黏剂。在合成实验中首先确定了OP降黏剂的基本组成,然后优化了氯化反应及磺化反应中的条件对降黏性能的影响,得到了氯化、磺化反应的最佳条件。将最优条件下合成的水溶性OP降黏剂进行杨浅1911#稠油实验,得到OP降黏剂的降黏率为99.5%。     

稠油油溶性降黏剂及其降黏机理研究进展

综述了油溶性降黏剂及其降黏机理的研究进展.从四个方面介绍了油溶性降黏剂的研究概况.①简述油溶性降黏剂的发展概况及分子结构类型;②通过SEM、XRD、IR、分子模拟,从沥青质微观形貌、分子间作用力角度介绍油溶性降黏剂的降黏机理;③介绍了油溶性降黏剂的降黏效果以及降黏剂与表面活性剂复配使用的降黏效果;④分析了油溶性降黏剂研...     

阴-非离子表面活性剂复配技术用于稠油降黏的研究

针对辽河油田超稠油开采过程中的降黏难问题,本研究根据乳化降黏机理,在实验室评价了表面活性剂单剂及阴-非离子表面活性剂二元复配对稠油乳化效果及降黏效果的影响。结果表明,二元复配表面活性剂对稠油的降黏效果,优于表面活性剂单剂的降黏效果,且当油水比为6∶4、SDS+OP-10水溶液浓度为0.5%、乳化温度为50℃时,二元复配乳化剂降黏率达到91.06%,乳化率达到100%,符合现场应用的需求,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

耐温抗盐型稠油降黏剂DT-1的合成及性能评价

室内以丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、季铵盐类阳离子单体和烷基丙烯酰胺疏水单体为原料,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用四元共聚法合成了一种耐温抗盐型稠油降黏剂DT-1,并对其降黏性能、耐温性能及抗盐性能进行了评价,并与其它市售降黏剂的降黏效果进行了比较。结果表明,降黏剂DT-1对渤海稠油和新疆稠油均具有良好的降黏效果,当其质量浓度为0.5%时,降黏率均可达到99%以上;降黏剂DT-1具有良好的耐温性能,经200℃老化24 h后,对两种稠油的降黏率仍能达到97%以上;降黏剂DT-1还具有良好的抗盐性能,在矿化度为100 000 mg·L~(-1)的NaCl盐水中对两种稠油仍能保持较高的降黏率;降黏剂DT-1对渤海稠油和新疆稠油的降黏效果优于其它市售降黏剂。     

Determination of intrinsic viscosity by single specific viscosity measurement

Single point determination of intrinsic viscosity saves considerable amount of time, effort and materials. Quite a few equations are available in the literature which require relative viscosity of the polymer solution at a single concentration for calculation of [η]. A comparative assessment of the applicability of two such equations and that of a proposed one has been made by using reported data as well as the practical data on viscosity of alkyd solutions in different solvents. It is inferred from the findings that, for good results from single point methods, the concentration should not be the sole criterion, as suggested by earlier workers; η_sp may also be considered as one of the criteria. The single point technique is found to be applicable to alkyd solutions in different solvents.     

在线黏度仪异常时PET熔体黏度的控制

为了解决在线黏度仪异常时黏度不易控制的问题,分析了终缩聚搅拌电流、熔体泵电流、熔体管道压力与产品黏度的关系,找出了3者与黏度的对应数据,使得在黏度仪异常时,可以通过终缩聚搅拌电流、熔体泵电流、熔体管道压力的变化趋势分析和控制,得到黏度平稳的产品。     

Multifunctional viscosity index improvers

Styrene alkylmethacrylate succinimide phosphoric acid additives are synthesised and evaluated for use in multigrade crankcase lubricating oils as multifunctional viscosity index improvers having both antioxidant and dispersant properties. The synthesis is based on reacting styrene alkylmethacrylate (prepared by the reaction of styrene and 2-ethylhexylmethacrylate at different styrene/methacrylate mole ratios under various reaction conditions) with maleic anhydride and tetraethylenepentamine in the presence of phosphoric acid. Comparative evaluation of the properties of the synthesised products (e.g., viscosity properties, shear stability, oxidation stability and dispersive power) with commercial additives showed they were suitable for use as viscosity index improvers.     

Transient modeling of viscosity

Capillary and parallel plate rheological characterization was conducted for a low‐density polyethylene. In contrast with conventional rheological analysis, steady conditions were not assumed. Transient data, with time steps between 0.0001 and 0.2 s, were analyzed with a nonlinear, viscoelastic constitutive model in which the relaxation time was modeled as a function of the applied stress. The fit model explained more than 99% of the observed transient variation in the capillary and parallel plate rheometers. The model coefficients for the capillary and parallel plate were compared directly to conventional linear viscoelastic analysis of the same parallel plate data. The results indicate that the described constitutive model closely predicts the observed viscoelastic behavior of the polymer melt tested in the parallel plate rheometer. Furthermore, the results indicate that the relaxation spectrum modeled with the transient analysis of the capillary rheological data correlate closely to the results predicted by the same transient analysis of parallel plate rheological data. The conclusion is that described constitutive modeling describes the viscoelastic behavior in both capillary and parallel plate rheometers. Moreover, the analysis and results suggest that the viscoelastic behavior of the polymer melt is a significant factor during the rheological characterization and the modeling of the transient response should be taken into consideration during rheological analysis to provide high fidelity models. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1110–1118, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Dimensionally invariant viscosity function

The use of classical dimensional analysis in viscosity modelling is discussed. The method suggests relations between model parameters and molecular characteristics of a polymeric system.     

磷酸二铵浆体的粘度

实验检测充分表明磷酸二铵浆体在较高温度下也表现出触变性特征,属非牛顿型流体,无机化合物杂质对磷酸二铵浆体的粘度有影响,它们的加入,增加了浆体的粘度,尤其是含铁离子的盐类化合物,影响更大。     

Determination of intrinsic viscosity of polymeric compounds through a single specific viscosity measurement

A modified method based on a combination of the Huggins and Schulz–Blaschke equations is proposed which enables the determination of intrinsic viscosity [η] from the measurement of a single specific viscosity. The method has been verified for different polymer samples having a wide range of [η] values and showed a variation of <±6×10⁻³% from the values obtained by Huggins extrapolation method     

聚合物特性黏度与在线黏度测量相关性实例分析

通过不同配方的特性黏度和在线黏度的实测案例,对特性黏度和在线黏度测量结果的相关性、数据转换和偏差进行分析,结果表明,聚合物特性黏度和在线黏度测量值之间有很好的相关性,通过适当的数据转换,在线黏度计可用于快速、实时、连续测量特性黏度。     

Extensional viscosity of silica dispersions

The rheological behavior in extensional flow was investigated for silica dispersions in polymer solutions using the tubeless syphon technique. The flow field of tubeless syphon is unsteady in the Lagrangian sense; hence the data are taken under transient stress conditions. Due to the insensitive nature of the extensional rate to flow rate, the extensional viscosities at different flow rates lie very close to a single curve, once they are plotted against strain. Two important points are noted with regard to the behavior of the dispersions. First, the extensional viscosity decreases with increasing particle concentration. Second, the viscosity growth curves of the dispersions can be superimposed by a vertical shift, but the curve shape differs from that of the medium. This implies a change in the relaxation time.