β晶型PP/纳米CaCO3/短切PET纤维复合材料的制备

通过熔融挤出共混制备β晶型聚丙烯(PP)/纳米CaCO3/对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)纤维复合材料,并用马来酸酐(MAH)接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)改善材料的相容性。研究了PET纤维、β成核剂和相容剂对材料力学性能、相容性和结晶熔融行为的影响。结果表明:CaCO3和PET纤维对PP的结晶具有异相成核作用,能协同诱导形成β晶型PP。加入PET纤维可提高材料的刚性和韧性,但会损坏拉伸性能。PP-g-MAH能改善PP和PET纤维之间的相容性,并能促进成核剂在材料中的分散,形成更多的β晶。     

纳米CaCO3对PET／M-POE体系力学性能的影响

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚弹性体(M-POE)和纳米CaCO3协同增韧聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。结合复合材料的室温缺口冲击断面扫描电镜照片、淬断刻蚀照片和宏观力学性能,分析了复合体系发生脆-韧转变对应的微观形貌特征。结果表明,直接将M-POE、纳米CaCO3与PET熔融共混并不能起到协同增韧效果,随着纳米CaCO3含量的增加,三元复合体系的缺口冲击强度逐渐降低。纳米CaCO3经过不同表面处理后,在复合体系中的微观分布不同,从而导致体系力学性能变化。不同的加工工艺可以制得纳米CaCO3分布不同的复合材料。研究发现,纳米CaCO3分布于PET基体中会引起复合材料冲击强度的下降。而纳米CaCO3分布于弹性体中,即形成所谓的“沙袋结构”,不仅可以明显提高复合材料的冲击强度,还可降低橡胶用量。     

成核剂对PET/PEN共混体系非等温结晶的影响

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了三种成核剂苯甲酸钠(SB)、1,3∶2,4-二亚苄基-D-山梨醇(DBS)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)共混体系的非等温结晶动力学的影响。结果表明,在PET/PEN/成核剂共混体系的非等温熔融结晶过程中,随着冷却速率的升高,结晶起始温度、终止温度、结晶峰温度都向低温方向移动,成核剂的加入使得不同速率下PET/PEN的结晶温度明显提高,结晶更为容易,SB、CaCO3、DBS均起到了较好的成核作用。由于次级结晶的存在,采用Ozawa法不能很好地描述PET/PEN/成核剂共混体系的非等温熔融结晶过程;莫志深法能较好地描述体系的非等温熔融结晶过程。     

纳米碳酸钙/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯浆液的流变性

考察了未改性纳米CaCO3/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)浆液(DOP-1)、改性纳米CaCO3WO-12/DOP浆液(DOP-2)和改性纳米CaCO3WO-13/DOP浆液(DOP-3)的流变性,以评价纳米CaCO3的改性效果,结果表明:纳米CaCO3/DOP浆液的流动特性均符合Casson模型;与DOP-1和DOP-3相比,DOP-2黏度较低,Casson屈服应力较小,稳定性较好,触变性较大。说明改性纳米CaCO3WO-12与DOP相容性好,其改性效果最佳,与其在丙烯酸树脂中分散效果最好一致。纳米CaCO3/DOP浆液流变性可用于评价纳米CaCO3的改性效果。     

纳米粒子改性PET的非等温结晶动力学

研究了有机纳米丁苯吡粉末橡胶、无机纳米粒子添加到聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)后对PET结晶行为的影响.并探讨了不同降温速率下3种体系降温过程中的结晶行为及基于Jeziomy理论和莫氏理论的结晶动力学.研究表明,3种纳米粒子对PET结晶动力学的影响是不同的,纳米粉末橡胶在较低结晶度时符合Jeziorny理论,而无机纳米粒子则对莫氏理论有较好的相关性.由莫氏理论计算出的参数表明,达到同样结晶度时有机化黏土促进PET结晶的效果比纳米CaCO3好.     

正交实验法研制MC尼龙/纳米CaCO3/石墨复合材料

通过正交实验法研究了MC尼龙/纳米CaCO3/石墨复合材料的配方,分析了纳米CaCO3、石墨、催化剂(NaOH)和助催化剂(TDI)对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量的纳米CaCO3、石墨能提高复合材料的力学性能和维卡软化温度。以加权综合评分法得出复合材料的优化配方为:己内酰胺100份、NaOH0.17份、纳米CaCO32份、石墨0.40份、甲苯二异氰酸酯0.40份。     

MA对PPC/CaCO3复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备马来酸酐(MA)封端的聚碳酸亚丙酯/碳酸钙(PPC-MA/CaCO3)复合材料,讨论纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)和重质碳酸钙(heavy-CaCO3)这2种填料对PPC/CaCO3复合材料的增强作用和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:nano-CaCO3能够显著提高复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,而heavy-CaCO3对PPC/CaCO3复合材料有较强的增韧作用。用MA封端剂提高了PPC/CaCO3复合材料的力学性能。SEM显示MA能改善CaCO3填料与PPC基体的界面相容性。热重分析结果说明添加2种CaCO3都使复合材料的热分解温度有不同程度的降低,heavy-CaCO3复合材料的热稳定性比nano-CaCO3复合材料好。     

碳酸钙填充聚丙烯体系的流变行为研究

利用高压毛细管流变仪研究了纳米CaCO3和微米CaCO3分别单独填充和复配填充聚丙烯(PP)体系的流变行为。对纳米CaCO3填充PP体系,CaCO3的加入使体系的表观黏度(ηa)下降,但随着CaCO3的质量分数增加,ηa呈上升趋势。当CaCO3的质量分数为10%时,两种微米CaCO3(1.8μm和25μm)填充体系的ηa接近,但低于纳米CaCO3填充体系的;随着CaCO3的质量分数增加(如30%),三种体系的ηa接近。对纳米CaCO3和微米CaCO3复配填充PP体系,CaCO3的总质量分数为10%时,当微米CaCO3的质量低于CaCO3总质量的50%时,体系的ηa与纳米CaCO3单独填充体系相比呈显著下降;但随着CaCO3的总质量分数增加,ηa下降的幅度变小。     

聚乳酸/无机填料复合材料结构与性能的研究

采用密炼器熔融共混法,将聚乳酸(PLA)分别与碳酸钙(CaCO3)、蒙脱土(MMT)及滑石粉(Talc)共混制备成生物降解复合材料,研究了PLA/无机填料共混物的力学性能、断面微观结构及结晶性能。结果表明:CaCO3、MMT和Talc均降低了PLA的断裂伸长率;Talc和CaCO3对PLA的拉伸强度影响不大,MMT明显降低了PLA的拉伸强度;Talc和CaCO3相对MMT在PLA基体中的分散较均匀;CaCO3和MMT改善PLA结晶性能的效果不明显,而Talc大大提高了PLA的结晶性能使,PLA的结晶温度下降约20℃结,晶度提高近3%。     

改性碳酸钙对聚乳酸的增韧研究

通过偶联剂对碳酸钙(CaCO3)进行表面改性的方法,使CaCO3与聚乳酸(PLA)之间的作用力增强,提高复合材料的性能。研究了可使PLA/CaCO3复合材料的冲击强度、断裂伸长率显著提高的方法,实验结果表明:通过对CaCO3粒子的改性,使CaCO3比表面积加大,因而与基体接触面积增大,受到应力时会产生更多的银纹和塑性变形区,吸收大量的能量,从而达到增韧、增强的目的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。