碳纳米管-碳纤维/水泥基材料微观结构和热电性能

研究了碳纳米管-碳纤维/水泥基材料的微观结构以及碳纳米管-碳纤维/水泥基材料升温与降温过程中的热电性能。实验结果表明,当水泥基材料中碳纳米管掺量较低时(碳纳米管掺量占水泥质量百分比不高于0.5%),碳纳米管能有效改善水泥基体性能,密实基体结构。在碳纤维水泥基材料中掺入碳纳米管能有效提高和改善复合材料热电性能;当碳纳米管掺量为水泥质量0.5%,水泥基材料热电势率最多能提高260%,达到22.6μV/℃。与此同时,碳纳米管掺入能增强热电效应中温差电动势与温差关系的线性规律和可逆性规律。     

石墨烯改性水泥基材料的力学和收缩性能

研究了石墨烯对水泥基复合材料的抗压抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度、流变性能等力学性能的影响,及石墨烯对水泥砂浆自收缩和干燥收缩等变形性能的影响.结果表明:石墨烯会增加水泥浆体的粘度,水泥净浆的流变特性符合宾汉姆流体模型;掺加适量石墨烯能够提升水泥基材料的力学性能,并且对水泥基材料的自收缩及干燥收缩具有显著的抑制效果.力学和收缩...     

碳纳米管增强水泥基复合材料的自收缩及抗裂性能碳纳米管增强水泥基复合材料的自收缩及抗裂性能

水泥基材料的收缩开裂已经成为其破坏的一个主要原因,受到国内外关注,碳纳米管（CNTs）作为一种纳米纤维状材料,可能可以抑制水泥基材料收缩。本文将CNTs放入水中,经过超声处理分散后,形成CNTs分散液,设置不同的CNTs掺量将其掺入到水泥基材料中,通过波纹管实验及圆环试验对该种新型复合材料的自收缩及抗裂性能进行研究。结果表明:CNTs的掺入可以很大程度上抑制水泥基材料的自收缩,最高降低率可到40%以上,且明显提高了水泥基材料的抗裂性能。水灰比的增加会提高CNTs对水泥基材料收缩的抑制效果。当CNTs的掺量为0.1wt%时,可以获得最优效果。同时,CNTs的掺入不仅对水泥基材料自收缩有抑制作用,一定程度上也会抑制水泥基材料的干燥收缩。通过将CNTs掺入到建筑结构关键部分的水泥基材料中,可以提高建筑安全系数。      

氧化石墨烯增强水泥复合材料的断裂性能

将氧化石墨烯(GO)加入水泥砂浆中,以提高其抗裂性和韧性.通过三点弯曲梁法测试了GO增强水泥砂浆试件的断裂性能,采用双K断裂模型分析了GO掺量对改性水泥砂浆断裂参数的影响.结果表明:GO提高了水泥砂浆试件的起裂韧度,当GO掺量(与胶凝材料质量比)为0.01％～0.07％时,较对照组分别提高了13.4％、25.4％、24...     

三维石墨烯-碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其氧还原催化性能研究

采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备了硼、氮共掺杂三维石墨烯与碳纳米管复合的非金属电催化材料（B-N-G-CNT）。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）对B-N-G-CNT的形貌、结构及成分进行了表征,结果显示：三维石墨烯－碳纳米管呈有序多孔网状结构,石墨烯与碳纳米管形成稳定的化学结合,具有质量高、缺陷少等优点。运用循环伏安法（CV）、旋转圆盘电极（RDE）、电流时间曲线（i-t curve）等手段测试了B-N-G-CNT在碱性介质中的氧还原电化学性能,结果表明：在浓度为0.1 mol·L-1 的KOH溶液中,B-N-G-CNT复合材料具有比 B-N-G更高的起始电位和半波势能,其电子转移数接近4电子;同时B-N-G-CNT比商业Pt/C具有更高的稳定性。     

氧化石墨烯对多壁碳纳米管掺配水泥砂浆强度、压敏性能与微观结构的影响

多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对水泥基材料可起到增强增韧的作用。但MWCNTs易在水泥浆体中团聚,目前国内外对如何深化氧化石墨烯(GO)在水泥浆体中分散MWCNTs的报道较为罕见。采用吸光度试验考察了木质素磺酸钠(MN)存在时,GO对MWCNTs在模拟水泥水化孔隙液的饱和氢氧化钙溶液(CH)中分散性能的影响,并研究了GO对MWCNTs掺配砂浆力学性能、电热性能、电阻率及压敏性的影响。吸光度测试表明MN、GO、MWCNTs质量比为3∶1∶9时,MWCNTs分散达到最佳,力学性能测试表明当MWCNTs、GO最佳掺量分别为0.45wt%、0.05wt%时,28天抗折抗压强度比相同MWCNTs掺量的试件分别提高了27.3%、20.9%,电阻率降低了18.2%,电阻变化率提高了72.6%。微观结构测试表明GO能进一步促进MWCNTs在水泥基材料中分散,促进水泥水化进程,密实了水泥石结构,对MWCNT掺配砂浆强度有协同增长作用,提高了压敏性能。本研究采用GO分散MWCNT的方法可扩展到其他碳基纳米增强剂,并为发展自感知智能化水泥基材料提供了一种新的途径。     

导电功能集料碳纤维水泥基复合材料及其压敏性能

利用石墨粉和粘土基质烧制成导电陶粒,与碳纤维共同组成复合导电相,制备得到导电功能集料碳纤维水泥基复合材料。采用Instron5882材料试验机,动态电阻应变仪和直流稳压电源测试系统研究了其压敏性,发现压应力对其电阻值有显著影响;从开始加载至破坏全过程电阻值变化表现出均匀下降、平衡和迅速上升3阶段;在低加载应力循环下材料电阻变化值与应力有良好相关性,高加载应力循环下因损伤裂纹的不可复原性而使电阻出现不可逆增加;加载速率对电阻变化也有影响,低加载应力时加载速率影响较小,高加载应力时影响较大。     

石墨烯及其衍生物掺配水泥基材料研究进展

石墨烯及其衍生物因其独特的结构及优异的性能在改善基水泥材料的抗拉强度、韧性、耐久性及赋予水泥基材料功能性等方面表现出良好的应用前景.本文简述了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯(GO)的结构特点及性能,归纳了各自的制备方法;对石墨烯及其衍生物在水泥基材料中的分散进行了综述;重点综述了石墨烯及其衍生物掺配水泥基材料的力学性能、流变性能、...     

Numerical Simulations on Piezoresistivity of CNT/Polymer Based Nanocomposites

In this work, we propose a 3 dimensional (3D) numerical model to predict the piezoresistivity behaviors of a nanocomposite material made from an insulating polymer filled by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This material is very hopeful for its application in highly sensitive strain sensor by measuring its piezoresistivity, i.e., the ratio of resistance change versus applied strain. In this numerical approach, a 3D resistor network model is firstly proposed to predict the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite with a large amount of randomly dispersed CNTs under the zero strain state. By focusing on the fact that the piezoresistivity of the nanocomposite sensor is largely influenced by the tunneling effects among neighboring CNTs, we modify this 3D resistor network model by adding the tunneling resistance between those neighboring CNTs within the cut-off distance of tunneling effect, i.e., 1.0 nm in this study. The predicted electrical conductivity by this modified 3D resistor network model is verified experimentally. Furthermore, to analyze the piezoresistivity of the nanocomposite sensor under various strain levels, this modified 3D resistor network model is further combined with a fiber reorientation model, which is used to track the orientation and network change of rigid-body CNTs in the nanocomposite under applied strain. This combined model is employed to predict the piezoresistivity of the nanocomposite iteratively corresponding to various strain levels with the experimental verifications. Some key parameters, which control the piezoresistivity behavior, such as, cross-sectional area of tunnel current, height of barrier, orientation of CNTs, and electrical conductivity of CNTs and other nanofillers, are systematically investigated. The obtained results are very valuable, which can provide guidance for designing the strain sensor of this nanocomposite with enhanced sensitivity.     

A semidestructive method for three dimensional photoelasticity

Using the principle of optical equivalence and the experimentally determined characteristic parameters, it is possible to determine the variations of the secondary principal stresses and their directions across the thickness of a slice taken from a three dimensional photoelastic model. With these data, the shear difference method can be applied without cutting the slice into a subslice. This technique is applied to determine the stresses along a general line in a cone subjected to a compressive load at the apex. In practice, a fairly thick slice can be taken for analysis.     

乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料的压敏性

为探讨乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料的压敏性 , 验证了利用基于埋入式环状电极的四电极法测试复合材料电阻的可行性; 研究了一次加载至破坏时乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料的电阻率变化规律 , 并通过在弹性阶段的加载考察了乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料压敏性的重现性 ; 分析了测试电流和试件偏压对压敏性的影响。研究结果表明 ,基于埋入式环状电极的四电极法测试压敏水泥基材料的电阻误差小于 10 % , 用于复合材料电阻的测试是可行的。掺量 15 vol %的乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料一次加载至破坏 , 电阻率变化率最大可达 55 % , 弹性阶段电阻率变化率可达 35 %以上 , 且其压敏性基本不受测试电流和试件偏压的影响。乙炔炭黑是制备具有高感知灵敏度的压敏水泥基材料的一种有效功能组分。     

血管管道的三维重建

文章对血管管道的三维重建进行了讨论.根据题目所给信息,首先读取100张血管切面图,把它们转换成数据矩阵,然后分三步进行处理:第一步,通过搜索切面最大内切圆求出管道的半径,提出两种方案,分别是切线法和最大覆盖法;第二步,轨迹的搜索,本文提出了三种方法,分别为网格法、蒙特卡罗法和非线性规划法;第三步,中轴线在三平面上投影的精确定位,分别用最小二乘和分段最小二乘进行了曲线的拟合.最后又对三维重建的血管管道进行了检验和误差分析.利用以上算法较好地进行了管道的重建,从而得出所求半径为29.529,中轴线上100点的坐标见表1,其在XY,YZ和XZ平面上的投影分别为图8到图15.     

花岗岩/硅烷偶联剂/水泥浆界面层的形成机理

用硅烷偶联剂(SCA)处理粗骨料,用分光光度法、接触角测定仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析SCA与花岗岩表面的结合形式及其影响因素.结果表明,在常温下SCA与花岗岩表面可形成较强结合,包括化学键合.对花岗岩/SCA/水泥浆界面层的扫描电镜观测结果表明,水解SCA的羟基和间断分布的有机基团是界面结合增强的主要原因.     

成型压力对0-3型锆钛酸铅/水泥压电复合材料的影响

以快硬硫铝酸盐水泥为基体,以锆钛酸铅(PZT)为功能相,用压制成型法制备出0-3型PZT/水泥基压电复合材料。分析成型压力对PZT/水泥基压电复合材料的压电性和介电性的影响,结果表明:不同粒径PZT颗粒作为功能相的水泥基压电复合材料,成型压力对其压电性和介电性有不同的影响。在30~90 MPa压力范围内,成型压力越大,PZT/水泥压电复合材料的压电应变常数d33和相对介电常数εr均显著提高,这是由于气孔率随压力增大而减少,而压电电压常数g33的变化则与功能相的粒径有关。机电耦合系数也有着不同的变化趋势,对于6μm和126μm PZT/水泥压电复合材料,其机电耦合系数Kt和Kp随压力增大缓慢下降,而对于430μm PZT/水泥压电复合材料则呈上升趋势。当压力达到150 MPa时,其压电性和介电性均急剧减小。     

Characteristic angle, light intensity and their correlation to wavelength in three dimensional photoelastic media

The interaction of the photoelastic parameters, the normalised light intensity I_n the characteristic angle ψ, and their link to the stress state parameters, the ratio of bending and direct stresses P and the angle of divergence θ of the stress components σ^M and σ^N have been examined by employing different wavelengths. The analysis of the experimental data shows that the correlation diagrams of these parameters demonstrate similar characteristic curves. Measurements also show a preferable range of wavelength within which the wavelength of light source should be selected. So far the results are valid for thin plates, thin shells of rotationally symmetric conditions and similar structures.     

Pore structure of hardened cement paste and mortar

The paper describes an experimental investigation into the pore structure of hardened cement paste and mortar. The pore structure was studied using mercury porosimeter. Ordinary portland cement and natural river sand were used. Pore structure determination was carried out for both the cement paste and mortar mixes over four hydration periods and five water-cement ratios. The threshold radius which was found to be prominent in the hardened cement paste, flattens out as the fine aggregate content increased.