白酒酒醅高产酯酵母筛选鉴定及其发酵性能研究

采用平皿培养法从浓香型白酒酒醅中分离酵母,筛选其中具备耐受性良好的产酯酵母,并结合形态学、生理生化试验及26S rDNA分子生物学鉴定筛选酵母,研究筛选酵母与酿酒酵母混合发酵的发酵特性。结果表明,在模拟白酒酿造环境耐受性试验中,3株高产酯酵母均具有一定的耐酸性,且在乙醇浓度为10%时保持较好的生长特性,但在温度为40℃时生长特性均受到抑制,而酵母菌株W5相较其他两株高产酯酵母耐受性能更好,经鉴定为戴尔有孢圆酵母(Torulaspora delbrueckii);在筛选酵母与酿酒酵母模拟白酒发酵试验中,酿酒酵母发酵速率最快,发酵时间为6d;T.delbrueckii W5发酵时间为8d;二者混合发酵时间为9d。在相同的培养条件和发酵条件下,T.delbrueckii纯培养方式下酸度较其他两种培养方式高,其酸度范围为7.62～7.72g/L,说明T.delbrueckii产酸能力很高。但T.delbrueckii W5挥发酸产量较酿酒酵母低,其挥发酸范围为0.32～0.48g/L。另外酿酒酵母纯培养乙醇含量为13.18%～13.50%,说明酿酒酵母相较于T.delbrueckii具有强发酵能力,二者之间混合发酵可以提高T.delbrueckii单独发酵产乙醇能力。可见,戴尔有孢圆酵母虽使发酵时间稍微延长,但产酸和产乙醇能力大大增强,可提高产量和丰富酒香。     

一株高产酒精酵母菌的筛选及特性研究

为了获得高产酒能力的功能特性酵母菌株,对白酒车间样品中分离出的数百株酵母菌株进行定性筛选,经发酵糖产气法初筛和发酵能力复筛,最终获得3株产酒精能力强的酵母菌.通过形态结构观察和生理特征分类鉴定,初步判断Q1XX-64Y和Q1XX-80Y属于酿酒酵母属,CW-65Y属于酒香酵母属.对筛选出的3株酵对菌进行产酒率及发酵产香成分的测定,结果表明,CW-65Y菌株利用糖固化碳源,发酵力和淀粉出酒率最高,分别为18.04g/100g和29.61%,是适合用于白酒强化发酵的优良酵母菌株.     

发酵低醇西瓜果酒产香酵母的分离筛选及香气成分分析

为获得适宜低醇西瓜果酒发酵的酵母菌株,以嗅闻香气和总酯产量为指标,从传统白酒酒曲中分离筛选获得5株产香酵母。通过菌株形态、生理生化特征,结合26S rRNA序列分析,将菌株Z133鉴定为异常威克汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomyces anomalus),菌株Z2、Z31、Z32和Z43鉴定为扣囊复膜酵母(Saccharomycopsis fibuligera)。菌株Z133可产浓郁的果香气味,对糖、SO2及乙醇均有良好的耐受性,可发酵西瓜汁获得乙醇体积分数5.6%的低醇西瓜果酒。采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析发现,酒体中醇类和酯类香气成分种类和相对含量高于未发酵西瓜汁,主要香气成分苯乙醇、乙酸香叶酯和乙酸异戊酯的相对含量分别为25.65%、6.41%和3.93%。结果表明,从酒曲获得的产香酵母菌株Z133在低醇西瓜果酒发酵中具有一定的应用价值。     

清香型小曲白酒产酯酵母的筛选及应用

从酒曲中分离的多株酵母,通过液态发酵初筛、小试固态发酵复筛获得高产乙酸乙酯酵母。将产酯酵母应用于生产中,研究其对清香型小曲白酒发酵的影响。采用高粱汁液态发酵,结合风味物质初筛出7株产乙酸乙酯性能较好的酵母菌株。在实验室模拟小曲白酒生产工艺搭建小试固态发酵平台,通过对7株酵母小试固态发酵复筛,测定发酵结束后蒸馏液中乙酸乙酯含量,获得4株高产乙酸乙酯产酯酵母,均比对照组提高了近4倍以上。并将复筛获得的3株酵母扩大培养制备成酵母麸皮种,按比例添加至公司酒曲中,应用于中试车间生产,与对照酒曲(不添加产酯酵母)相比,出酒率均未受添加产酯酵母影响而下降。其中,添加Y29和Y42 2株酵母产酒中乙酸乙酯含量分别为2.004 g/L、1.523 g/L,比对照组提高了99.4%和51.5%,正丙醇含量分别下降44.2%和42.7%,而Y29高级醇含量提高了16.5%,其他色谱指标无明显差别。     

大曲中产阿魏酸酯酶菌株的筛选及其特性分析

目的 从浓香型白酒大曲中分离筛选出一株产阿魏酸酯酶的菌株。方法 将大曲样品中筛选出的11株菌进行划线纯化培养,进一步挑选出产阿魏酸酯酶酶活较强的菌株并鉴定,分析其安全性及生物学特性,最后对发酵产酶条件进行优化。结果 得到一株产阿魏酸酯酶酶活较强的菌株为L-7,经鉴定为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)。经毒力基因检测、有害代谢产物实验结果均为阴性;生物学特性研究实验结果为:在16 h时生物量达到最大,耐最低pH为4,最高为11, NaCl质量分数为8%的条件下仍能生长,耐受最高的乙醇体积分数为13%;具有较好的安全性且有耐乙醇、耐盐、广泛的pH耐受性等优良性能。通过发酵产酶条件优化,该菌株产阿魏酸酯酶最佳发酵条件为:接种量为6%体积分数、培养温度32℃、转速160r/min、培养时间96 h;此时该菌株产阿魏酸酯酶的酶活为(44.68±0.05) U/L,较优化前提高了57.05%。结论 本研究结果可为产阿魏酸酯酶的菌株筛选提供参考,且筛选所得屎肠球菌在提高浓香型白酒及其他发酵食品中阿魏酸含量及风味具有应用潜力。     

一株高产乙酸乙酯酵母的鉴定及产酯条件的研究

以不同酒曲中筛选出的一株产乙酸乙酯能力较强的酵母Y2为研究对象,利用磷脂脂肪酸分析和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定,通过单因素试验分别考察培养方式、发酵时间、发酵温度和糖化液糖度4个因素对酵母Y2产酯能力的影响,采用正交试验和验证试验对酵母Y2的产酯条件进行优化。结果表明,酵母Y2为异常毕赤酵母（Pichia anomala）,其脂肪酸成分以18∶1ω9c为主;发酵温度和发酵时间对酵母菌株Y2产酯量具有显著性影响（P＜0.05）,优化后的产酯条件为：发酵温度28 ℃,高粱糖化液糖度12 °Bx,静置培养5 d;在此最优条件下,酵母Y2产乙酸乙酯的量可达到3.47 g/L。     

泸型大曲中产酯酵母的筛选鉴定及产酯条件优化

乙酸乙酯是构成浓香型白酒香味的主要物质之一,其含量对白酒的风味和质量起着非常重要的作用。该试验在泸州大曲中分离出了8株酵母菌,经菌落形态和生理生化实验鉴定分别为假丝酵母属（Candida sp.）、汉逊酵母属（Hansenula sp.）、酒香酵母属（Brettanomyces sp.）和德克酵母属（Dekkera sp.）,并筛选出4#菌株为高效产酯酵母。利用此汉逊酵母进行发酵并对其产酯条件进行优化。正交试验结果表明,汉逊酵母的适宜培养条件为在麦芽汁培养基中添加10%葡萄糖、0.5%乙酸、体积分数95%的乙醇5%,发酵温度30 ℃,发酵时间3 d,摇瓶转速120 r/min,在此条件下产酯量最高可达1.479 g/L。     

产愈创木酚类功能菌筛选及其在清香型小曲白酒中的应用

为了筛选可用于清香型小曲白酒酿造的产愈创木酚类物质菌株,该研究对湖北劲牌有限公司酒曲中细菌进行分离鉴定,并对菌株产愈创木酚能力进行了探究。结果表明,筛选获得一株高产愈创木酚类物质菌株B257,其在高粱汁发酵液中可产愈创木酚类物质含量达9.7 mg/L。经过形态学观察、生理生化特征分析及分子序列比对,鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。与未添加菌株相比,在小曲中添加菌株B257进行粮食发酵能有效提升清香型小曲白酒中愈创木酚类物质含量,提升率达117%。耐受性实验结果表明,在pH 4.5～6.5、NaCl含量为1%～9%以及乙醇体积分数为3%～6%的条件下,菌株B257具有较好的生长活性。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌B257在提升清香型白酒中愈创木酚类物质上具有较好的应用前景。     

高温大曲中一株产淀粉酶酵母的分离鉴定及其特性研究

该研究旨在从高温大曲中筛选得到适应酿造环境的高产淀粉酶土著菌株,用于大曲强化,以期提高白酒生产的淀粉利用率及提升白酒品质。采用淀粉水解圈法从高温大曲中分离得到1株产淀粉酶的菌株JM,经显微形态、生理生化特性及转录间隔区序列测序和系统进化树分析鉴定为扣囊复膜酵母(Saccharomycopsis fibuligera)。对该酵母进行产酶、耐受性及产香研究,结果表明,菌株JM液体培养10～12 h时产酶最高,为1 452 U/mL;能耐受20%(体积分数)的酒精浓度、30%的糖度和17%的NaCl,在pH 3. 0、49℃条件下均能较好生长。分别以小麦、大米、麸皮3种不同原料进行液态发酵试验,在小麦培养基中发酵产酒精达9. 3%(体积分数),且能产生苯乙醇、乙酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等37种呈香呈味物质,大米培养基中发酵产生29种香味物质,其中苯乙醇含量在3种原料发酵液中均为最高。该菌产淀粉酶及产酒、产香能力都比较强,在白酒酿造中有很好的应用潜质。     

一株异常汉逊酵母的分离与鉴定

从白酒酒曲中分离得到1株酵母菌S-1,经形态学观察和生理生化特征比较,S-1被确定为异常汉逊酵母(Hansenula anomala)。将S-1分别置于乙醇体积分数为0%、8%、10%、12%、14%和16%的YPD培养基上,28℃下恒温培养144h,结果表明,S-2可耐12%的乙醇。对糖度为13°Brix的500mL甘蔗糖液进行发酵,发酵产物经初馏和精馏后得到70mL馏分。GC分析结果表明,该馏分为高纯度的乙醇,乙醇得率为0.52g乙醇/g甘蔗糖液,接近理论转化率。该实验中所分离的异常汉逊酵母菌株S-1是1株可用于甘蔗产燃料乙醇的理想菌株。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press