双酰胺类等五大类热点农药的市场概况及产品研发

概述了HPPD抑制剂类除草剂、其他PPO抑制剂类除草剂、双酰胺类杀虫剂、新烟碱类杀虫剂、SDHI类杀菌剂等五大类农药热点产品的市场概况、主要品种、研发产品及前景展望。     

1，1＇-二芳基烷基醚化合物的合成及生物活性

在农药中，醚类结构常常被选为有效的活性基团。如以苯草醚、嘧草醚等为代表的二芳基醚类除草剂，以多来宝、溴氟醚菊酯等为代表的1，2’-二芳基烷基醚类杀虫剂等。但1，1’-二芳基烷基醚化合物作为农药的应用尚未见报道。笔者在从事具有杀虫活性的芳基烷基肟醚化合物的研究过程中，得到较高分子量的副产物，经结构及生物活性研究，     

芳基三唑啉酮化合物的除草构效关系研究

人们认识抑制原叶啉原氧化酶(PPO)作用除草剂已有几十个年头。其代表性商品化除草剂诸如三氟羧草醚、乙氧氟草醚和噁草酮亦已应用多年,不过其作用机制至今还不甚了解。美国FMC公司在调查原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂过程中,发现几种活性很高的芳基三唑啉酮除草剂,诸如化合物(1)、(20)和(21);大豆田芽前除草剂sulfentrazone和谷物田芽后除草剂 carfentrazone-ethyl(图1)亦属其中。这类除草剂芳基环 4位、5位化学基团的物理化学性     

含二芳醚农药的研究进展

二芳基醚是一类常见的有机化合物,由于其独特的物理化学性质和生物活性,近年来,在农药研究中特别是在新农药创制方面得到广泛应用,含二芳醚的农药品种不断问世。1960年Rohm & Haas公司首先开发了二苯醚类除虫剂,1968年Itaya在拟除虫菊酯醇部分引入二苯醚结构,极大地改善了拟除虫菊酯的光稳定性和生物活性,引起了人们对含二苯醚的农药的开发热潮。由于杂环化合物的特殊效应,用杂环取代二苯醚的一个苯环,可以显著改善农药的理化性质和生物活性,人们对含二芳基醚的农药研究投入了很大关注,特别是在广谱高效的拟除虫菊酯和二苯醚类、芳氧丙酸酯类除草剂方面,含二芳醚的农药专利迅速增加。     

HELM Agro将在美首推含有新活性成分的PPO抑制剂类除草剂Reviton

正近日,全球优质植保产品和肥料生产商HELM Agro US,Inc.宣布旗下一款新型除草剂名称为Reviton~(TM),该除草剂目前正在接受EPA监管审查。Reviton为PPO抑制剂类除草剂(Group14),具有新型活性成分Tergeo~(TM)。Reviton是一种非选择性除草剂,可用于苗前除草和脱水干燥过程。Reviton将是这10多年来在美国推出的首批新型PPO抑制剂类除草剂之一。     

含三氟甲基的除草剂——苯嘧磺草胺

苯嘧磺草胺是巴斯夫公司开发的含三氟甲基的原卟啉原氧化酶(PPO)类抑制剂,其可快速铲除70余种阔叶科杂草,具有除草效果好、作用快的特点,是第一个作用于玉米田的PPO类除草剂。对苯嘧磺草胺的创制经纬、理化特性、合成工艺等进行综述,并对该品种未来发展进行展望。     

有机氮农药残留量的检测技术

一、绪言有机氮农药主要是指氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂。近年,出现了如脒类、硫脲类、硫代氨基甲酰类和取代脲类等类型的化合物。作为杀虫剂的氨基甲酸酯类,主要可分为N-甲基氨基甲酸酯类和N,N-二甲基氨基甲酸酯类。由于N-甲基氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的杀虫谱广、作用强,在此类中发展的农药品种尤多。根据与氨基甲酰部分联接的基团的性质,N-甲基氨基甲酸酯类又可分为芳基N-甲基氨基甲酸酯和肟基N-甲基氨基甲酸酯。不论从品种数量和生产吨位来看,芳基N-甲基氨基甲酸酯尤为重要。     

五大类农药市场热点产品评析

正稻盛和夫说:"人靠绝活立身,企业靠好产品实现高收益。"产品的重要性可见一斑。近年来,HPPD抑制剂类除草剂、其他PPO抑制剂类除草剂、SDHI类杀菌剂市场增长较快;新烟碱类杀虫剂在其专业领域雄踞第一,但"高蜂毒"的阴霾挥之不去;双酰胺类杀虫剂不仅发展快,而且规模优势凸显。     

二苯醚酰胺类化合物的合成及其除草活性

二苯醚类和酰胺类是有机除草剂中的两大类。属于酰胺类的敌稗是芽后选择性除草剂,而属于二苯醚类的除草醚、间草醚,则是芽前除草剂。从现有除草剂的品种看,芽前除草剂居多数。但从农业生产的角度看,对芽后除草剂的需求更大。作者在二苯醚环上接上酰胺基,构成二苯醚酰胺化合物,期望既保留二     

一种新的乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂结合模型

乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)即为乙酰羟酸合成酶(AHAS),10年来,其一直是富有成效的除草剂作用靶标。磺酰脲类除草剂(表1)在非常低的用量(10～100克/公顷)下能有效地抑制ALS。其它系列的ALS抑制剂如咪唑啉酮类(表2)、三唑并嘧啶类(TPS,表3)、嘧啶醚类(PES,表4)也属高活性除草剂。这些抑制剂占据了除草剂的主要市场,它们可用作玉米、禾谷类作物、大豆、水稻、棉花和草坪等的除草剂。近来已出现了许多关于 ALS抑制剂结构与     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。