石榴皮染料对阳离子改性棉织物的染色性能研究

针对石榴皮染料难以上染棉织物,各项染色牢度差等问题,选用3-氯-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTAC)对棉织物进行阳离子化改性,用石榴皮染料进行染色,并优化了染色工艺条件。结果表明,当染色温度为70℃,时间为60 min,pH为7,染料用量为25%(o.w.f)时,石榴皮染料染色阳离子改性棉织物的K/S值由2.6提高至23.9,染色织物的耐皂洗变色牢度和沾色牢度均为5级,耐干、湿摩擦色牢度分别为5级、4级。     

不同溶剂对石榴皮染料提取效果及染色性能的影响

采用不同浓度乙醇和不同pH水两种溶剂从干燥石榴皮粉末中提取石榴皮染料,并分析、比较了提取液的吸光度及颜色、总多酚、三种主要多酚(安石榴甙、鞣花酸、没食子酸)组分含量及其对毛织物的染色效果。结果表明,使用不同浓度(0～80%)乙醇溶液提取石榴皮粉末时,40%乙醇提取效果好,提取液颜色最深,提取物中安石榴甙含量最高,达到410.66 mg/g,且提取物得率高,为47.95%;使用不同pH(pH 3～9)水提取时,pH=5时提取物中安石榴甙含量最高,达到499.15 mg/g,且提取物得率为42.30%。与40%乙醇提取相比,pH=5水从同质量石榴皮粉末中得到的提取液直接染色后的毛织物K/S值大。     

阳离子染料对玻璃纤维染色性能的影响

针对玻璃纤维的表面结构特征,采用阳离子染料对玻璃纤维进行染色实验,探索了染料用量和浸染时间对玻璃纤维染色性能的影响。实验结果表明:染料的最佳使用质量百分比为0.1%,最佳染色时间为24 h,染色样品的水洗牢度能达到使用要求,日晒色牢度一般。     

阳离子改性棉织物活性染料染色性能

用自制的阳离子改性剂对棉织物进行改性处理,用浓度为6%(o.w.f.)的活性红3BS、活性黄3RS、活性黑KN-B三种染料分别对改性后的棉织物进行无盐染色。分别讨论了上染速率曲线、移染性能对上染性能的影响。得到的最优固色工艺为:碳酸钠用量为10 g/L~15 g/L,在60℃下固色20分钟~30分钟。改性棉织物的匀染性良好,耐水洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度与常规染色基本一致。     

阳离子染料可染改性涤纶纤维染色的研究

从纤维结构及染色工艺对阳离子染料可染涤纶纤维的染色性能进行了研究。探讨了染料用量、pH值、匀染剂用量、和染色时间对染色的影响。通过对比试验得出最佳染色处方和工艺条件为：染料用量0．5％（o．w．f）,pH值3．5—4．5,醋酸钠1％（o．w．f）,匀染剂12270．5％（o．w．f）,浴比1：30,100％染100分钟...     

丙纶织物的氯化改性及阳离子染料染色研究

本文探讨了次氯酸钠有产氯浓度、氯化ｐＨ值及氯化时间对远红外丙纶织物氯化改性的影响,研究了丙纶氯化及氯化丙纶织物染色的工艺条件。     

阳离子染料常压可染型纤维(ECDP)的染色性能研究

本文介绍了阳离子染料常压可染型纤维用国产普通型、X型、M型阳离子染料染色的试验.重点对染料的染色饱和值,升温速率,保温染色时间,染浴的pH值、匀染性等方面进行了研究和探讨.     

阳离子染料可染丙纶的起始上染温度及其染色性能研究

将自制可染剂与聚丙烯共混纺丝生产的阳离子染料可染丙纶进行动态力学分析和上染率的测定。结果表明 :2 # 配方可染剂所制纤维的起始上染温度要比 1 # 配方可染剂所制纤维低约 1 0℃ ,可染丙纶随可染剂含量增加上染率提高 ,可达到 90 %以上。     

白音华褐煤热萃取工艺研究

实验研究了内蒙古白音华褐煤在国标焦化洗油中的热萃取性能。考察了萃取初压、停留时间、热萃取温度对煤热萃取性能的影响。最优工艺条件为:萃取初压0 MPa,停留时间5 min,热萃取温度380℃,超纯煤的热萃取率为47.6%(干燥无灰基,以下同)。     

Characterization of nitrogen-containing aromatics in Baiyinhua lignite and its soluble portions from thermal dissolution

Soluble portions (SPs) 1-4 (SP₁-SP₄) were afforded from sequentially dissolution and alkanolyses of Baiyinhua lignite (BL) in cyclohexane, CH₃OH, CH₃CH₂OH, and (CH₃)₂CHOH at 300℃. They were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and quadrupole exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer (QEOTMS) with an atmosphere pressure chemical ionization source in positive-ion mode, while BL was characterized with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XRPES). The results show that the yields of SP₂ and SP₃ are much higher than those of SP₁ and SP₄, and the total SP yield is ca. 39.0%. According to the analysis with XRPES, pyrrolic nitrogen atoms are the most abundant nitrogen existing forms in BL. Thousands of nitrogen-containing aromatics (NCAs) were resolved with QEOTMS and their molecular masses are mainly in the range of 200-450 u. The main NCAs are N₁O₁ and N₁O₂ class species with double bond equivalent values of 4-18 and carbon numbers of 7-30. The nitrogen atoms appear in pyridines, quinolines, benzoquinolines or acridine, and dibenzoquinolines or naphthoquinolines, while the oxygen atoms exist in methoxy and furan rings.     

Experimental study of thermal fragmentation of lignite in drying process

Abstract

This paper investigated the thermal fragmentation of three lignite samples with temperature of 100?°C–200?°C and drying time of 0–90?min using the fixed bed reactor. The effects of a variety of factors such as temperature and drying time on fragmentation ratio were studied. The results showed that fragmentation ratio was positively related to temperature and drying time, and the degree of fragmentation was different for different lignite samples. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the point load strength remarkably decreased with the increase of temperature and drying time. The fragmentation ratio as a function of point load strength represented that lignite with higher strength had a lower fragmentation ratio, and the possibility of secondary fragmentation of dried lignite decreased with the increase of point load strength. Fragmentation ratio decreased with the increase of lignite density. The mineral matters of lignite significantly had influence on fragmentation. The mass inhomogeneity degree was given to depict the mineral element compositions. A fragmentation prediction equation was established based on mass inhomogeneity degree, which was associated with moisture content and ash content.     

Differential thermal analysis study of lignite hydrogenation

Several New Zealand lignites and three other coals have been compared by differential thermal analysis in hydrogen at a pressure of 8.0 MPa. Most coals showed two exothermic peaks at ≈350 and 500 °C, but the relative magnitude of the two peaks varied from one coal to another. Ion-exchanging one of the lignites with Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb and Sn reduced the temperature of the peak maximum. Both Fe and Sn are known to catalyse coal hydrogenation. The results show that nickel and lead warrant further investigation as potential catalysts for coal hydroliquefaction, since they reduced the reaction temperatures even more than Fe or Sn. The reaction of lignite with tetrahydronaphthalene, in the absence of hydrogen, has been shown to be endothermic; a factor of interest in the context of donorsolvent hydroliquefaction facilities.     

褐煤的溶剂萃取研究进展

介绍了褐煤的溶剂萃取研究状况,包括褐煤的组成特征,萃取剂的选取原则,不同萃取溶剂和不同溶剂萃取方式等得到的褐煤萃取效果,并对褐煤溶剂萃取研究进行了总结,指出目前褐煤溶剂萃取研究还停留在实验室研究阶段,距离工业应用还有很大距离。     

友好戈登氏菌降解内蒙古白音华褐煤的工艺条件探究

利用友好戈登氏菌对内蒙古白音华褐煤进行降解,考察了煤浆浓度、菌液用量、降解时间和培养方式对降解效果的影响。结果表明,当煤浆浓度为0.6 g/50 mL培养基,菌液用量为9 mL/50 mL培养基,降解时间为21 d,培养方式为摇床培养,降解效果最佳,降解率为57%。利用红外光谱、热重和X-射线衍射等手段对原煤、氧化煤和固相产物进行了表征,发现硝酸作用后,氧化煤的羟基振动峰增加,芳香环振动峰减弱,晶核和缩聚程度下降,热稳定性降低,有利于微生物降解。微生物作用后,固相产物的芳香环、羰基和硝基的吸收峰减弱,芳香层间距增加,微晶直径、微晶高度和芳香层数减小,热稳定性增加。气质联用色谱对液相产物组成分析。结果表明,液相产物中主要含有烷烃类、羧酸类和醛酮类等小分子物质。     

Combined conventional thermal and microwave drying process for typical Chinese lignite

A combined conventional and microwave drying process for Ximeng lignite was investigated in this paper. Samples were firstly dehydrated by hot air to achieve a conversion moisture content, and then were managed to final moisture content by microwave drying. Results showed that the drying rate was significantly improved in the decreasing rate period by microwave drying, approximately 3–5 times faster than that of conventional drying. Finally, the orthogonal test was used to clarify the effects of each factor on the energy consumption, and the magnitude ranking order was conversion moisture content?>?microwave power?>?hot air temperature.     

Montan wax extraction from Northern Ireland lignite

In preliminary studies of the extraction of wax from Northern Ireland (Crumlin deposit) lignite, a number of extractions were carried out with three solvents for different contact times and two extraction temperatures. Exhaustive extraction with toluene shows that Crumlin lignite contains 16.6 wt% wax on a dry basis.     

煤的溶剂热萃取研究进展

综述了近年来在煤的溶剂热萃取（不小于300℃）的研究进展。讨论了主要影响因素包括极性溶剂、酸处理、萃取时间等对热萃取率的影响。结论表明：酸处理、使用强极性溶剂有利于提高煤的热萃取产率;时间和温度是热萃取的两个重要参数,在不同程度上影响着煤的热萃取率;萃取物活性很高,并且基本无灰,是煤直接液化的极好的原料也可以作为内燃机燃料。     

褐煤提质工艺的仿真研究

为了使褐煤得到高效利用,并减少其提质过程中的危险性,建立了褐煤提质仿真系统。以LCC工艺为例介绍了仿真的建模、调试、环境部署等过程。最后给出仿真的意义与发展前景。