脱油沥青复合改性沥青的制备及性能研究

制备了DOA复合改性沥青,并对其常规性能、流变性能和抗老化性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,一定范围内随着DOA掺量的增加,沥青软化点升高,针入度和延度减小,旋转粘度增大;与SBS复合后能更好地发挥DOA的优势,并改善低温延性,DOA/SBS复合改性沥青的性质基本满足SBS改性沥青1-D级标准;相比基质沥青,20%DOA改性沥青和20%DOA+3%SBS复合改性沥青具有更高的车辙因子与残留针入度比,显著改善沥青的高温性能与抗老化性能;DOA与基质沥青相容性良好,能形成均相体系。     

PPA/SBS及PPA/橡胶粉复合改性沥青性能

采用0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%掺量的多聚磷酸(PPA)制备成PPA/SBS复合改性沥青和PPA/橡胶粉复合改性沥青,通过三大指标、布氏粘度、薄膜加热试验等考察两种PPA复合改性沥青的高低温性能、抗老化性能。结果表明,PPA对PPA/SBS和PPA/橡胶粉复合改性沥青的低温抗裂性都有所削弱,PPA/橡胶粉复合改性沥青低温抗裂性能相对较优,1.6%掺量PPA/SBS复合改性沥青低温性能下降最为明显;PPA/SBS改性沥青和PPA/橡胶粉改性沥青的高温性能较基质沥青有明显提升,1.6%掺量PPA/SBS复合改性沥青高温稳定性最优;PPA的加入能够改善沥青的抗老化性能,PPA/橡胶粉复合改性沥青抗老化性能较PPA/SBS复合改性沥青更佳。     

增塑剂-SBS复合改性沥青路用性能研究

以SBS改性沥青为基础,掺加邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和己二酸二辛酯(DOA)制备复合改性沥青,通过沥青基本指标、动态剪切流变、多应力蠕变恢复、弯曲梁流变、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对原样与短期老化条件下沥青性能进行研究,并与SBS改性沥青进行对比分析。结果表明,2种增塑剂均可使SBS改性沥青降低2个高温等级,导致抗车辙能力下降,不可恢复变形量增大;但可提高SBS改性沥青低温变形能力,延缓路面开裂。对比老化前后各性能指标发现,增塑剂可明显降低SBS改性沥青老化前后性能差异。采用FTIR分析表明增塑剂与SBS改性沥青属于物理共混,通过计算亚砜基指数、对比老化前后特征峰面积可知增塑剂有助于沥青抗老化。     

油页岩改性沥青微观机理与性能分析

采用荧光显微镜实验研究油页岩改性沥青的微观结构,通过流变实验(DSR)测试高、低温对其流变性能影响,利用沥青三大性能指标实验、粘度实验和旋转薄膜加热实验分析油页岩改性沥青的路用性能。结果表明,油页岩的添加能让SBS改性剂与基质沥青达到更好的共融状态,且能有效提高SBS改性沥青的高温稳定性、粘附性和抗老化性能,但会降低其低温抗裂性能;DSR实验表明掺入适量油页岩能明显提升复合改性沥青的复数剪切模量和车辙因子,且油页岩矿粉掺量越多,增幅越大。     

APAO&SBS复合改性沥青性能研究

为了研究不同类型的APAO和SBS复合改性沥青结合料常规性能和相容性,进行沥青常规实验和荧光观测实验,并将复合改性沥青性能与SBS改性沥青进行对比。结果表明,不同类型的APAO&SBS复合改性沥青的高温性能、感温性能、抗老化性能和相容性均比SBS改性沥青好,但复合改性沥青之间的性能存在一定的差异,综合对比5种复合改性沥青的常规性能和相容性后,193^#型APAO&SBS复合改性沥青的性能最佳。     

聚烯烃弹性体/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物改性沥青混合料的抗老化性能

采用聚烯烃弹性体（POE）对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青进行复配改性,制备了POE/SBS改性沥青混合料。考察了POE用量对SBS改性沥青抗老化性能的影响。结果表明,POE/SBS复配改性能提升沥青混合料的高温抗老化性能,且对低温性能有一定的改善效果。POE改善了SBS改性沥青混合料的抗车辙和抗老化性能,但会在一定程度上降低其低温韧性。当在沥青中加入质量分数分别为4%和3%的SBS和POE,POE/SBS改性沥青混合料的综合性能较佳。     

聚合物改性沥青性能研究

以SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)、APAO(α-烯烃共聚物)分别作为沥青的改性剂,并就APAO改性沥青、SBS改性沥青和APAO-SBS复合改性沥青的性能进行了对比。研究结果表明:APAO在沥青中具有良好的分散性,其可有效改善沥青的高温稳定性和抗老化性,并且能有效降低沥青的温度敏感性;APAO-SBS改性沥青可形成稳定的立体网状结构,从而有效限制了沥青体系的运动,故APAO-SBS改性沥青具有良好的抗老化性,并且能有效降低沥青的温度敏感性。     

胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青路用性能研究

采用AC-13的矿料级配,通过沥青混合料的马歇尔实验、车辙实验和冻融劈裂实验,将胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青与基质沥青和SBS改性沥青进行对比研究,探讨胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青在路用性能上的优劣,实验结果表明,复合改性沥青在高温稳定性能上有明显的优势,水稳定性能与SBS改性沥青相当,远优于基质沥青。     

SBS改性脱油沥青宏观性能与微观形态的关系研究

以脱油沥青(DOA)制备针入度30号和50号的调和硬质沥青,并掺量2%到6%的星型SBS在170℃下经剪切、搅拌工艺制备SBS改性硬质沥青,对产物进行常规指标分析及荧光显微检测。常规指标分析表明SBS可以提高沥青的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性能和感温性能;存储稳定性分析表明稳定剂的加入可以明显的改善沥青的稳定性和抗老化性能;荧光显微镜图像表明改性沥青宏观性能与微观结构之间存在相关性,改性沥青要达到较好的宏观性能需要其微观结构中改性剂和沥青呈现均匀连续分散的状态。利用SBS和稳定剂制备优质改性硬质沥青合适配方为:SBS添加量为3.0%,稳定剂添加量为0.2%。     

基于DSR的碳纳米管/SBS复合改性沥青抗老化性能分析

为研究碳纳米管(CNTs)对SBS改性沥青抗老化性能的影响,对不同CNTs掺量的CNTs/SBS复合改性沥青进行动态剪切流变实验;以CNTs掺量为自变量,对CNTs/SBS复合改性沥青与SBS改性沥青进行旋转薄膜加热试验及紫外老化试验,并对沥青残留物进行动态剪切流变试验以评价其老化性能。结果表明,CNTs的加入可有效提高SBS改性沥青的高温性能及老化性能。通过动态剪切流变试验结果来看,CNTs的加入降低了改性沥青的温度敏感性,并随着掺量的增加改善效果也越明显。     

Outdoor aging of road asphalt and SBS modified asphalt

The process of performance degradation of road asphalt (RA) is regarded as aging. At present, better understanding of the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt is achieved and the corresponding method to evaluate this process is developed; meanwhile, photo-oxidative aging (aging in an atmospheric environment, which is referred to as “outdoor aging” in this paper) of asphalt remains at the initial stages of scientific exploration. The outdoor natural ultraviolet (UV) aging of RA and SBS modified asphalt (SBSMA) are investigated in this study. The experimental results show that the basic performances of RA and SBSMA present similar change tendencies. The softening point increased, while the penetration and ductility decreased as the outdoor aging time passed by, and the 5°C ductility (ductility measured at 5°C) of SBSMA decreased very quickly. The group components of RA and SBSMA also change during UV aging. The content of asphaltene rose and that of aromatics and saturates decreased, while the content of resins changed insignificantly. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) graphs show that the content of sulfoxide and carbonyl groups in RA and SBSMA increased significantly during the outdoor aging process.     

热拌与温拌沥青混合料和易性试验

为了研究沥青混合料和易性,研发沥青混合料和易性指数测试仪,提出混合料和易性评价指标———和易性指数,分别测试在不同转速、不同级配类型、热拌及温拌条件下混合料和易性。结果表明:转速越大,和易性指数越小,表现出混合料和易性较差,随着试验温度升高,因转速造成的和易性差异减小;混合料公称最大粒径越大,其和易性指数越小,和易性越差,随着温度升高,粒径较小的混合料和易性提升幅度较大;基质沥青温拌混合料和易性指数最大,和易性最好,改性沥青热拌混合料和易性指数最小,和易性最差。当温度低于140℃时,基质沥青热拌混合料和易性指数较改性沥青温拌沥青混合料大,和易性好。当温度高于140℃时,基质沥青热拌混合料和易性指数与改性沥青温拌混合料相当,说明通过温拌技术,可使得改性沥青混合料和易性增加,可弥补因温度降低而造成的改性沥青混合料路用性能降低之不足。     

Analysis of performance and mechanism of Buton rock asphalt modified asphalt

The performance and modification mechanism of Buton rock asphalt (BRA) modified asphalt were analyzed. The road performance of modified asphalt was observed and compared with SBS modified asphalt to confirm the modification mechanism. Four-component test, and dynamic shear rheological tests were conducted to identify the performance of modified asphalt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out to analyze the modification mechanism of modified asphalt. Finally, the rutting, low-temperature bending beam failure, and freeze–thaw splitting tests were used to evaluate the high-temperature performance, low-temperature cracking resistance, and water stability performance of mixtures, respectively. The results show that the high-temperature performance of asphalt can be improved by BRA with asphaltene and resin increased. It is likely that there is no new functional group generated and this process was physical changes mainly. The honeycomb structure of BRA ashes/particles increased the contact area between the base asphalt and BRA ashes/particles, which makes the asphalt change from the homogeneous body into a two-phase continuous structure system. Consequently, the adhesion between asphalt and BRA ashes/particles was enhanced, and the dynamic stability, bending coefficient and splitting strength ratio were improved. It indicates that the test results of asphalt mixtures verified the modification effect of BRA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46903.     

岩沥青/胶粉复合改性沥青性能与黏弹性分析

使用青川岩沥青和胶粉对基质沥青进行复合改性,在保持胶粉质量分数为20%不变的情况下改变岩沥青用量制得胶粉改性和岩沥青/胶粉复合改性沥青,通过针入度试验、动态剪切流变试验和重复应力蠕变恢复试验分别对改性沥青的宏观性能、储存稳定性、流变性能和变形恢复能力进行了分析,并采用Burgers本构方程模拟分析了改性沥青在持续应力加载下各组成变形部分占比的变化规律。结果表明,胶粉和岩沥青的加入均可大幅提高沥青的高温性能,使其变得黏稠;岩沥青的加入对于基质沥青的低温性能具有较强的削弱作用,但可改善其储存稳定性,而胶粉的加入可减小岩沥青对基质沥青低温性能的削弱作用;岩沥青的加入提高了改性沥青的抗车辙能力,使沥青弹性组分含量大幅增加,但并未对黏性组分产生较大影响,沥青抵抗较大荷载的能力得以增强,而应力敏感性则有所降低,复合改性沥青黏稠度缓慢增加的同时迅速变硬,在受较长时间的大荷载作用时变形也能较快恢复。     

塔河沥青表征研究

采用红外分析,核磁共振等高等仪器对塔河沥青进行了分子结构的表征,对塔河沥青的四组分进行了分析,并采用布朗-拉德纳法计算了老化前后塔河沥青四组分的芳香度.结果表明:塔河沥青具有低温延度低,抗老化性能差的特点.     

10#建筑沥青及Ⅰ类屋面沥青可行性研究

以不同针入度的减压渣油为原料,通过改变深度氧化工艺的温度、风量、氧化时间等工艺条件,对制备10#建筑沥青和美国ASTM D312-95a屋面沥青的可行性进行了研究。实验结果表明,采用减压渣油深度氧化工艺制备上述2种沥青在技术上是可行的。同时,通过实验,确定了2种沥青的工艺条件：10#建筑沥青使用140#沥青在温度240℃和风量2L/min.kg下氧化210min;屋面沥青为针入度220以上的减压渣油在240℃、1L/min.kg下反应150min。     

Modification of FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt for making high-grade paving asphalt

With the rapid development of modern industry, high-grade paving asphalt is massively required to meet the demands for modern transportation. As one of additives, natural asphalt is indispensable since it can improve the performance of paving asphalt in all aspects. However, the application of non-renewable natural asphalt is increasingly restricted by its limited reserves. It is imperative to find alternative approaches to produce high-grade paving asphalt. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil is an ideal soft component for producing paving asphalt due to its high content of aromatics and resins. However, its bad ageing resistance limits its application to only low-grade paving asphalt. In the present work, a novel approach for producing high-grade paving asphalt was investigated using chemically modified FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt (DOA). The FT-IR and NMR results showed that dehydrogenation and condensation reaction occurred during the ageing process. From a series of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, propanal was selected as a proper modifier to improve the ageing resistance of FCC slurry oil. The propanal-modified slurry oil possessed more substituted aromatic units and less aromatic hydrogen atoms than other modified slurry oils, thus showing better ageing resistance. With the increase of length of aliphatic chains in modifier, the modified slurry oil contained more and longer alkyl substituent group on aromatics. Compared with the cross-linked oil (slurry oil modified by cross-linking agent), modified slurry oil possessed similar ageing resistance but higher flowing ability. Also, the effect of operation conditions on the kinematic viscosity of modified slurry oil were investigated. Blended with modified slurry oil, the penetration ratio of asphalt product increased from 53.7 to 66.2, which met the standard of 70# paving asphalt. Both the microscopic observations and FT-IR results indicated that modification process effectively reduced the oxidation degree of asphalt product, thus increasing the ageing resistance. Consequently, with aid of this process, high-grade paving asphalt was readily produced from low value oil from downstream products of refinery, instead of the depleting natural asphalt.     

橡胶沥青混凝土在市政道路沥青路面修复工程中的性能分析

针对普通沥青在高温条件下易出现软化、低温开裂等病害现象,研究提出一种橡胶沥青混凝土性能分析方案.为验证该材料的基本性能,采用3因素3水平正交试验,其最佳配比为80目胶粉掺量为25％.利用配合比设计完成该材料的性能分析,分析结果显示,AR-AC-13更加符合市政道路沥青路面的修复工作.     

掺改性木质纤维沥青及SMA-13沥青混合料性能研究

为分析改性木质纤维对沥青和SMA-13沥青混合料性能的影响,借助动态剪切流变仪(DSR),由温度扫描和线性振幅扫描实验(LAS)分析沥青的高温和疲劳性能,通过车辙实验和冻融劈裂实验确定SMA-13沥青及改性木质纤维沥青混合料的高温性能和抗水损害性能。结果表明,改性木质纤维能提高沥青的车辙因子和疲劳寿命,SMA-13改性木质纤维沥青混合料相比普通沥青混合料,其高温稳定性和水稳定性显著提高。     

Thermorheological properties of asphalt binders

The rheological properties of different types of asphalt binders were studied and compared considering their constituents and physical characteristics. The saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have shown their individual constituents and two distinct glass transition temperatures, indicating the phase changes of the two main components of the asphalt binders, namely asphaltenes and maltenes. Rheological characterization was performed over a wide range of temperatures (−10°C-60°C) showing that these materials may exhibit viscoelastic solid to viscous liquid behaviour. Master curves of complex viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus were constructed by applying the time-temperature superposition principle, which was found applicable over the temperature range considered. Stress relaxation and steady-shear test were applied to the samples in order to determine their rheological behaviour in the nonlinear viscoelastic regime (viscosity and nonlinear relaxation modulus). The rheological results were modelled and revealed that the Kaye-Bernstein-Kearsley-Zappas (K-BKZ) constitutive equation is suitable in representing the rheological behaviour of asphalts. The SARA analysis and rheological measurements were found to be compatible.