不同类型的离子表面活性剂对甲苯的增溶作用

通过电导法测定SDBS、CTAB、FMES 3种离子表面活性剂水溶液在25,30,35℃时的临界胶束浓度(CMC),并依据CMC和范特霍夫方程计算了3种体系下的ΔH■、ΔS■和ΔG■,测定无机盐(NaCl、Na_2SO_4)和有机物(乙醇、十二醇)对表面活性剂增溶甲苯的影响。结果表明,3种体系下ΔG■均为负,这说明3种表面活性剂在水溶液中均易于形成胶团;3种离子表面活性剂的CMC大小顺序与对甲苯溶解量的大小顺序不同,说明CMC大小并不是影响甲苯增溶的唯一因素;添加一定量有机物[n(乙醇)∶n(FMES)=1∶4]或者无机盐(0.2 mol/L浓度的NaCl)对甲苯增溶效果更好。     

表面活性剂对丹参酮增溶作用的研究

以乙醇和一些药用非离子表面活性剂作增溶剂，对丹参酮IIA进行了增溶实验。结果发现，丹参酮IIA在水中几乎不溶，而在乙醇中溶解度可达6mg/g。而在所考察的表面活性剂中，随着HLB值的增加，其对丹参酮IIA的增溶作用逐渐增强，它们的增溶效果由大到小依次为：吐温－20＞吐温－40＞APG－650＞吐温－80＞吐温－60＞吐温－65＞PEG－4000。在此基础上，选用增溶效果最好的吐温－20，作吐温－20／水／丹参酮IIA（乙醇溶液）的三元相图。该相图可以为配制丹参酮IIA制剂提供一定的参考。     

表面活性剂／大分子混合溶液的表面活性及增溶作用

本介绍了表面活性剂／大分子混合溶液的表面活性和增溶作用，由于表面活性剂与大分子之间的相互作用，混合溶液的表面张力－浓度曲线存在两个临界点，增溶作用在第一临界点时就发生。而第一个临界点时的表面活性剂浓度低于其临界胶束浓度。     

表面活性剂的性能与应用(Ⅸ)——表面活性剂的增溶作用及其应用

介绍了表面活性剂增溶作用的表示方式、机理。综述了增溶作用在表面活性剂增效修复技术、胶束强化超滤技术以及药物制剂中的应用,重点阐述了该作用在处理土壤有机污染物以及增溶难溶性药物中的作用原理、影响因素,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Gemini表面活性剂在固液界面的吸附及增溶作用

介绍了一类新型表面活性剂———Gemini表面活性剂。这类表面活性剂具有特殊的分(离)子结构,其分(离)子由两(或三)条疏水链、两个亲水基和一个连接基组成。综述了Gemini表面活性剂在固液界面的吸附及增溶作用,其在固液界面的吸附及增溶作用与固体表面的性质及其分(离)子结构有很大关系。     

离子色谱对表面活性剂的分析

<正> 表面活性剂作为一种日用、轻工最常用的化学品,品种和数量都在不断增长,因此对它的分析要求也愈来愈高,最新的离子色谱技术发展,为表面活性剂的分析提供了新的途径。离子色谱是一种对溶液中离子态物质检测的色谱方法,它有多种分离和检测方式。这一检测技术,从七十年代中期出现以来,应用范围不断扩大,从小分子、强电离物质的测定,逐渐到可以测定可电离的其他物质,表面活性剂就是其中之一。     

聚合物对阴,阳离子表面活性剂增溶甲基黄的影响

研究了ＰＶＰ和ＰＥＧ对阴,阳离子表面活性剂单纯和复配体系对ＤＭＡＢ增溶的影响,实验表明,ＰＶＰ使阴,阳离子表面活性剂单纯及复配体系的增溶能力增强,而ＰＥＧ却使之降低。     

表面活性剂的增溶作用在药物制剂中的应用

文章对表面少剂的增溶作用在药物制剂的应用地较深的总结。其中表面和睥挨加入方法对药物制剂的生产有一定的指导意义。     

Optimized ionic liquids for toluene absorption

Conductor‐like‐screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS) method was used to analyze the solute‐solvent interactions and to screen Henry's law constant of toluene over 272 ionic liquids (ILs), to select high‐capacity absorbents. Thermogravimetric experiments were carried out to evaluate the toluene absorption by selected ILs at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Experimental equilibrium data were found in good agreement with COSMO‐RS predictions. Complete desorption of toluene by N₂ stripping was achieved, indicating an easy regeneration. The kinetic curves were described by a phenomenological diffusion model, obtaining effective diffusivities in reasonable concordance with those calculated by Wilke–Chang correlation. The separation process with selected ILs was modeled by Aspen Plus and a comparison with organic absorbents was carried out. Equilibrium‐ and rate‐based simulations were used to analyze the importance of thermodynamics and kinetics in toluene absorption by ILs. Current computational‐experimental research allowed selecting a set of suitable ILs for toluene absorption. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1648–1656, 2013     

离子液体型表面活性剂的研究进展

离子液体型表面活性剂是一种功能性离子液体,具有离子液体的特性,还具有双亲特性.简述了离子液体型表面活性剂的制备方法,在此基础上,重点综述了离子液体型表面活性剂的表面吸附、临界胶束浓度、表面张力等表面性能;同时介绍了离子液体型表面活性剂在微乳液聚合和酶催化反应中的应用,并对离子液体型表面活性剂的发展方向进行了展望.     

微乳液增溶吸收甲苯传质机理及影响因素

利用甲苯可以和非离子表面活性剂Tween-20以及助表面活性剂形成微乳液,从而增大甲苯表观溶解度,吸收净化含甲苯有机废气。研究了吸收过程传质机理及Tween-20液相浓度、液相转速、助表面活性剂和温度对吸收的影响。结果表明:液相传质系数kL=3.242×10-6m/s,气相传质系数kG=8.136×10-7mol/(m2.s),吸收为液膜控制过程;吸收速率和吸收物质的量随着Tween-20浓度的增大而升高,尤其当浓度高于临界胶束浓度时,吸收速率及吸收物质的量增加更显著;添加助表面活性剂和降低温度更有利于微乳液增溶吸收甲苯有机废气。     

Synergistic solubilization of decafluorobiphenyl by micelles of fluorocarbon surfactants

Solubilization of decafluorobiphenyl (FBIP) by surfactants in aqueous solution was examined to investigate the properties of micelles composed of surfactants having a per-fluorocarbon chain. Fluorocarbon surfactants solubilize FBIP better than hydrocarbon surfactants. Significant solubilization by fluorocarbon surfactants was observed upon addition of salt. Highly synergistic solubilization of FBIP using surfactant mixtures was also observed for fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants in the presence of salt. The high solubilization ability of surfactants can be attributed to micelle growth. A simple geometrical consideration of molecular packing in micelles revealed that the characteristic micelle is composed of bulky fluorocarbon chains. The solubilization behavior accompanied by micelle growth would be closely associated with a change in interfacial contact area between the micelle core and bulk water. The behavior of fluorescence intensity of micelle-solubilized FBIP also indicated a change in micropolarity of fluorocarbon micelles accompanied by micelle growth.     

离子液体催化合成对叔丁基甲苯

以甲苯和氯代叔丁烷为原料,以三氯化铝离子液体为催化剂,考察合成对叔丁基甲苯的影响因素。结果表明,该烷基化反应最佳工艺条件为:反应温度0℃,离子液体用量为甲苯质量的1%,甲苯与氯代叔丁烷物质的量比2∶1,此条件下,氯代叔丁烷转化率100%,目标产物对叔丁基甲苯选择性较高。向三氯化铝离子液体中加入氯化亚铜改性助剂,当三氯化铝离子液体和氯化亚铜物质的量比为1∶2时,在优化条件下对叔丁基甲苯选择性由50.22%提高到85.38%。     

咪唑类离子液体表面活性剂的合成及其形成微乳液的增溶能力研究

合成并提纯了3种离子液体表面活性剂——溴代-1-十二烷基(十四烷基、十六烷基)-3-甲基咪唑(C12 mimBr、C14mimBr、C16mimBr),利用平衡表面张力法测定了临界胶束浓度,检验了其纯度.利用δ-γ“鱼形”相图研究了C12 mimBr (C14mimBr、C16mimBr)/醇/烷烃/盐水(5％ NaC...     

Micellar polymerisation of ionic surfactants studied by conductimetry

The micellar polymerisation of ionic surfactants such as allyldodecyl-dimethylammonium bromide and 3-dodecyl-1-vinyl imidazolium iodide has been studied by conductimetry in aqueous solution. The polymerisation was carried out using two different sources of γ rays directed into solutions of surfactant above the critical micellar concentration. Conductimetry is shown to be a very good physicochemical method for analysis of these solutions. The results showed different behaviour for the two surfactants, which has highlighted a change in the structure of their aggregates which led to the assumption of an interaction between the polymers of high mass and different products of the polymerisation (oligomers, products of degradation, monomers etc.). Ultrafiltration experiments coupled with ¹H-NMR and conductivity analysis confirm these assumptions.