麻纤维/热塑性淀粉复合材料界面改性及研究进展

综述了麻纤维增强热塑性淀粉复合材料中麻纤维的表面改性方法及进展并分析其特点。概括了麻纤维改性对复合材料的增强原理和效果,并简要分析各方法的生产制约因素。指出了复合材料中麻纤维改性方法的发展方向。     

麻纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料的应用与发展

介绍了麻纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料的性能和应用,并从增强体/树脂改性、成型制备工艺和界面相容性等方面综述了麻纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料研究的最新进展。     

聚乳酸纤维/聚乙烯醇纤维协同增强热塑性淀粉复合材料

为提高热塑性淀粉(TPS)塑料的力学和耐水性能,通过挤出工艺制备了含量为1％(质量分数,下同)的聚乳酸纤维(PLAF)及不同含量的聚乙烯醇纤维(PVAF)共同增强的热塑性淀粉复合材料.研究了含量为0.2％～1.4％的PVAF对TPS/PLAF/PVAF复合材料力学性能、断面形貌、耐水性能及转矩流变性能的影响.结果表明,...     

热塑性淀粉的增强研究进展

主要介绍有机纤维和无机矿物两大类增强体在热塑性淀粉中的应用现状和进展,分别指出有机纤维、无机矿物和其他增强材料在应用中存在的优点与不足,提出了可能的发展方向。     

木塑复合材料界面改性研究进展

从木质纤维改性、树脂改性以及添加第三组分等方面对近年来国内外木塑复合材料界面改性相关研究进行了综述,总结了不同改性方法对木塑复合材料物理力学性能的影响,探讨了界面改性中存在的问题,并对木塑复合材料界面改性研究进行了展望。     

热塑性复合材料研究进展

综述热塑性复合材料的优点、国内外热塑性复合材料的概况、国内玻纤增强聚丙烯(PP)、增强尼龙(PA)、玻纤增强聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)等热塑性复合材料研究情况、热塑性复合材料在汽车工业、航空航天、军事领域等的应用情况,并预测了应用前景。     

氨基表面改性二氧化硅/热塑性淀粉复合材料的制备与性能

为了进一步提高热塑性淀粉(TPS)的力学性能,用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对二氧化硅微球(SM)表面进行氨基化改性(SM-NH₂),并且,添加至热塑性淀粉基体中,得到SM-NH₂/TPS复合材料,研究了添加量对拉伸强度、冲击强度、动态力学性能、热稳定性和流变加工性能的影响。研究发现,当SM-NH₂的添加量为2.0%时,复合材料的拉伸强度由3.25 MPa增大至9.28 MPa,冲击强度由6.222 kJ/m²增大至14.635 kJ/m²;玻璃化转变温度T_α达到最大,其值为53.67℃;微商热重曲线中最大分解速率对应的温度为321.8℃,热稳定性最佳;扭矩峰值和平衡扭矩分别为47.23 N·m和10.86 N·m,流变加工性能下降。     

界面作用对热塑性聚氨酯/热塑性淀粉复合材料性能的影响

采用双螺杆挤出制备热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/热塑性淀粉(TPS)复合材料。研究了界面作用对复合材料机械性能的影响;考察了增韧剂种类和含量、淀粉形态和含量对TPU/TPS复合材料机械性能、耐水性能与降解性能的影响;通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对TPU/TPS界面进行了分析。结果表明,聚烯烃弹性体(POE)对TPU/TPS具有良好的增韧效果,对淀粉进行热塑化,可增强淀粉与TPU界面相互作用,从而有效地提高复合材料的机械性能。当TPS用量达到20份,POE用量10份时,TPU/TPS耐折弯次数超过30 000次,其缺口冲击性能、拉伸性能与纯的TPU相当,而其最大吸水率仅为6.2%,7周的生物降解率较TPU提高了6.8倍。     

蔗髓增强热塑性淀粉可降解复合材料制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了热塑性淀粉/蔗髓复合材料(TPS/BP),并对该复合材料的力学性能、吸湿性和微观结构进行了研究,通过红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了蔗髓增强热塑性淀粉的机理。结果表明:随着BP用量的增加,TPS/BP的拉伸强度逐渐提高,而断裂伸长率则明显下降;拉伸弹性模量则呈先增大后减小的趋势,在BP用量为20%时,拉伸弹性模量达到最大值(159.13 MPa)。BP的加入降低了TPS的吸水率,而且随其用量的增加,TPS/BP的吸水率逐渐降低。红外光谱和微观形貌分析表明,BP和TPS基体之间形成了分子间氢键,二者之间具有良好的界面相容性。     

热塑性改性淀粉热熔胶制备

利用自改性热塑性淀粉与接枝后的PCL为基础原料,以环烷油为增塑剂,氢化石油树脂或氢化松香树脂为增粘剂,辅以抗氧化剂,加热混合配制得到一种新型热塑性淀粉热熔胶,研究了不同改性物、不同接枝基团、不同接枝比例对热塑性淀粉热熔胶的粘接性能的影响。对涂布后胶带的初粘力和剥离强度进行测试。结果表明,当淀粉改性物由甘油、甲酰胺、尿素混合组成,加上接枝基团为PAA,接枝比例在10.8%左右的PCL,最后得到的热塑性淀粉热熔胶具有优异的初粘力、持粘力及剥离强度。     

秸秆纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料界面改性研究新进展

秸秆纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料是一种用途广泛的新型环保性材料。复合材料的界面相容性会直接影响复合材料的性能,界面改性技术的研究成为近年来研究的热点。本文综述了国内外对秸秆纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料界面改性技术的研究现状和新进展,叙述了对于秸秆纤维的几种典型表面处理方法的研究进展;重点分析了等离子体处理和生物酶处理这两种新型处理方法在秸秆表面预处理中的应用情况,并着重阐述了以马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃为主的界面相容剂和以硅烷、钛酸酯为主的低分子量偶联剂对复合材料界面改性效果的影响。此外,论文简要分析了秸秆/树脂复合材料界面改性技术的发展趋势,指出深入研究针对秸秆纤维的复合处理方法以及开发高效、环保和高性价比的界面改性剂是未来进一步改善秸秆/树脂复合材料应用性能的关键。     

热塑性木薯淀粉/剑麻纤维复合材料在回生过程中的性能

通过熔融共混法制备了热塑性木薯淀粉(TPS)/剑麻纤维(SF)复合材料,研究了TPS/SF复合材料在回生过程中的热行为、拉伸性能、透光率、球晶大小等。结果表明:随着回生时间的增加,TPS/SF复合材料的熔融焓、拉伸强度和透光率增加,外延起始分解温度、质量损失50%时的温度、外延终止分解温度、最大分解速率对应的温度升高;TPS/SF复合材料的球晶随着回生时间增加变得更细密。     

Studies on the properties of Montmorillonite-reinforced thermoplastic starch composites

Montmorillonite (MMT), a kind of reinforced additive and glycerol-plasticized thermoplastic starch (GTPS) were used in the preparation of Montmorillonite-reinforced themorplastic starch composites (MTPSC) with the method of melt extrusion. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that MMT were uniformly dispersed in GTPS. Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) patterns showed that in the MTPSC the C-O groups of starch molecules shifted to the higher wavenumber, while the reactive hydroxyl groups of MMT shifted to the lower wavenumber. That was caused by the cooperation of the strong absorption that existed between MMT and starch molecules and hydrogen bonds that formed between the reactive hydroxyl groups of MMT and the hydroxyl groups of starch molecules. MMT was on the submicron filling transition state and acted as an obstructor. When MTPSC was stored for 14 days at RH (relative humidity)=39%, the tensile strength, Young's modulus and breaking energy of MTPSC were 27.34, 206.74 MPa and 1.723 N m, respectively. It was obvious that the mechanical properties of MTPSC were greatly improved. At the same time, the effect of water content on the mechanical properties was studied. X-ray diffraction revealed that MMT restrained the crystallization of GTPS effectively. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and water absorption testing showed that the thermal stability and water-resistant properties of MTPSC were better than those of GTPS.     

Structure and properties of thermoplastic corn starch/montmorillonite biodegradable composites

“Green” composites were successfully prepared from the thermoplastic cornstarch (TPCS) and activated‐montmorillonite (MMT) by the method of blend extrusion. The thermoplastic cornstarch was plasticized with novel plasticizers urea and ethanolamine, and the activated‐montmorillonites were obtained using ethanolamine as the activated solvent. The structure and morphology of “Green” composites were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). SEM and TEM images indicated that the composites presented reticulating fiber structure after being cooled by liquid nitrogen. The exfoliated MMT sheets in the composites acted as the inhomogeneous nucleation effect. The melting urea was crystaled over on the MMT sheets in the inducement of ethanolamine, and the column‐shape crystal whisker overlapped together. Comparing with normal temperature, the mechanical properties of composites evidently improved after being cooled by liquid nitrogen, which was proved by the mechanical testing. The thermal stability and water‐resistance of the composites also were studied in this paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 170–176, 2006     

Green composites based on thermoplastic starch and rubber wood sawdust

Rubber wood sawdust (RS) was used as a filler to improve the water absorption, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS). The TPS/RS composites were prepared using compression molding and glycerol as the plasticizer. Moreover, the effect of commercial cellulose (CC) on the properties of TPS was also studied for comparison. Scanning election microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm that there were lignin, hemicelluloses, and extractive compounds such as wax substances and natural oils on the surface of rubber wood sawdust. Both fillers showed good adhesion with the TPS because they have similar chemical structures. However, RS showed the better efficiency for improve the water absorption, mechanical, and thermal properties of TPS than CC. The results indicated that the components on the fiber surface play important roles in improving the properties of TPS. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1063–1069, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Biodegradability,mechanical, and thermal properties of thermoplastic starch/cuttlebone composites

This work focused on improvements to the properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) by using cuttlebone (CB) as the bio‐filler. The effect of CB on the properties of TPS was compared to that of commercial calcium carbonate (CC). The good adhesion achieved between the TPS matrix and the cuttlebone powder produced improvements in the tensile strength of their composites, whereas the tensile strength of TPS/CC composite was lower due to the presence of filler agglomerates. The biodegradation of the TPS and the composites were analyzed by the soil burial test. This showed that cuttlebone decreased the biodegradation rate. The thermal degradation temperatures of TPS, a TPS/CC composite and a TPS/CB composite showed very similar behavior. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1401–1406, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Properties of biodegradable thermoplastic cassava starch/sodium alginate composites prepared from injection molding

Due to poor mechanical properties and high water uptake of biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS), in this study, the influence of sodium alginate on properties of biopolymer based on thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) was investigated. The TPCS polymer was compounded and shaped using an internal mixer and injection molding machine, respectively. In addition, the TPCS polymer was, then, modified by different contents of sodium alginate, i.e., 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt%. It was found that the TPCS composites showed good phase compatibility between the starch and sodium alginate. In addition, maximum stress, Young's modulus, and hardness of the TPCS composites significantly increased by the addition of sodium alginate. Furthermore, the TPCS composites modified by sodium alginate degraded faster than the neat polymer. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the TPCS composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3365–3372, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PBTA/TPS共混物的结构、性能和断裂行为

将热塑性淀粉(TPS)与聚(对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯-己二酸丁二醇酯)(PBAT)挤出共混并注塑成型,制备了可完全生物降解的TPS/PBAT复合材料制品。采用扫描电子显微镜研究了注塑复合材料的层次结构与微观形态,测试了不同组分复合材料的性能和应力应变行为。结果表明：TPS在PBAT中呈皮芯结构分布,随含量增加逐渐由芯层向皮层分布。当含量为45%时,芯层到皮层形成均匀的以纤维为主的分散相形态,提高了复合材料的力学性能。加入TPS后会改变复合材料的形变行为,由类似半结晶聚合物的应力应变行为转变为屈服-冷拉行为。