多业务网络动态带宽分配算法研究

在多业务网络环境中,面对不同的QoS需求,为不同业务分配合理的带宽资源是提高网络效率的有效保障。探讨了多业务网络环境下的带宽资源管理办法。重点研究了区分业务模型Diffserv中相关队列调度算法的基本原理,并对加权循环算法WRR进行改进。在基于周期测量发送队列的基础上对队列分配权值进行动态调整,使高优先级业务能够得到充分带宽资源保证的同时,对低优先级业务也有最低的传输带宽保证,从而满足多个业务的共同需求。通过NS2仿真和分析表明,经过改进的算法能对多业务环境下的数据传输提供区分服务,并且使得高优先级业务在丢包数和数据延迟方面与低优先级业务相比有明显减少。     

一种自适应RIO算法的研究

针对区分服务保证转发服务中传输流间带宽分配公平性的问题，本文提出一种自适应RIO(ARIO，adaptive RIO)算法。仿真结果表明，ARIO算法不但可以在不同订购条件下获得更高的带宽利用率和更低的分组丢失率，而且有效地改进了原RIO算法的剩余带宽公平性问题。     

基于区分服务AF PHB的主动队列管理机制

AFPHB的实现机制是区分服务的重要研究课题。文章对区分服务中AFPHB的主动队列管理算法进行了研究，分析了几种算法在平均队长和丢弃概率计算上的差别，探讨了WRED和RIO算法对低丢弃优先级包的保护能力。为了更好地满足AFPHB的要求，结合三色标记器提供的功能，提出了对不同丢弃优先级的包有区别处理的技术思想，并给出了实现算法。     

区分服务的改进主动队列管理算法

在区分服务模型中，具有不同微流数量、分组长度和目标速率的流聚集在资源共享时往往无法获得公平带宽。本文在自适应RIO算法基础上提出了一种区分RIO算法（Differentiated RIO，DRIO），DRIO对具有不同目标速率的流区别对待，使得无论在何种情况下都可以很好地保证各流聚集在共享带宽资源上的公平性，而且算法实现简单。仿真结果表明，DRIO对提高流聚集之间的公平性有很明显的效果。     

EPON上行信道中的动态带宽分配算法研究

传统的EPON系统的上行动态带宽分配方案是类似于IPACT的基于时隙长度分配的,这样虽然使上行信道得到了充分的利用,但是由于包延迟变化较大,不适合实时业务的传送.文章提出了一种多级授权分离发送动态带宽分配算法,它可以为不同业务提供不同的服务质量,既满足了实时业务的需要,又在一定程度上提升了网络的利用率.通过仿真测试,发现这种算法均有良好的时延特性和较稳定的队列尺度,能较好地支持多业务优先级的EPON系统.     

QPID-AVQ：一种基于队列的PID控制的AVQ算法

本文针对AVQ算法存在的不足,在PD-AVQ算法基础上,为进一步提高系统的稳定性,引入积分选项,构成PID-AVQ算法,运用控制理论推导出了满足系统稳定条件的取值范围.利用PID-AVQ算法更新虚拟带宽,综合考虑平均队列长度和包到达速率,提出了一种新的基于队列的PID控制自适应虚拟队列管理算法QPID-AVQ,可根据网络实际情况调节参数,保持队列长度稳定.仿真结果表明,当控制参数在稳定范围内取值时,QPID-AVQ算法能较好地适应网络状态变化,使队列长度始终维持在期望值附近,而不受用户数量的影响,具有较好的稳定性、抗干扰能力和较高的带宽利用率,综合性能优于PD-AVQ和RED算法.     

基于区分服务的AFDX队列管理算法研究

在AFDX的传输控制过程中,不但要进行数据的传输、队列资源的管理,还要提供区分服务,以满足不同等级任务的服务质量要求。文章介绍了AFDX中基于区分服务的队列管理算法,改进了现有算法的不足,从而更加合理地分配带宽资源,平衡系统吞吐量和分组排队延迟之间的矛盾,保证不同等级用户之间的公平性,以获得最优化的AFDX网络。     

车联网中交通安全消息动态优先调度机制

车联网中两类交通安全消息共享有限控制信道带宽,在消息突发状态下无法保证事件触发消息的传播性能,导致预警失效.基于差异化的消息传播性能需求提出了一种动态优先级区分的调度机制,按事件优先级分别进行队列管理,赋予事件触发消息优先权,通过设置优先级调度阈值实现对事件触发消息的动态调度.当优先队列长度高于阈值时,其抢占调度时隙.当队列长度低于阈值一半,退出抢占过程,恢复非抢占优先调度方法.仿真显示,所提调度机制能够减小事件触发消息的端到端时延约1.3 ms,提高周期性消息的公平性约0.22.     

无线网络中基于优先级队列延迟限定的研究

由于无线网络环境下网络节点的增加,网络延时成为一个亟待解决的问题。为了提高服务质量(QoS),提高吞吐量,文中提出了一种基于优先级的队列延迟模型,通过将每一个包预设置优先级来区分其重要性和实时性,同时将每一个AP设备中的队列根据优先级划分为3种类型,并将预设优先级的包放入其中进行传输,从而有效减少发送端的队列延迟。通过分析和仿真可以发现,与未划分优先级队列的节点网络相比,这种方案不仅使单个节点的延迟大幅减少,也使整个网络的平均延迟明显降低,网络整体性能显著提高。     

避免轻载惩罚支持多业务的EPON动态带宽分配

为了支持语音、视频和数据等多业务接入,以太网无源光网络(EPON)动态带宽分配算法需要保证不同业务的优先级以提供不同的服务质量(QoS)、减小实时业务时间延迟,这会带来轻载惩罚问题.针对该问题,文章提出一种基于多队列带宽分配方案,即光网络单元为不同优先级的业务分别申请带宽并引入预测机制.给出了具体算法并进行了算法仿真.仿真结果表明,该方案不仅能支持语音、视频和数据等多业务接入,还能从根本上避免轻载惩罚,通过预测可以进一步提高高优先级业务的QoS.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.