轴向柱塞泵滑靴副倾覆现象数值分析

采用一种新的研究方法对滑靴副油膜动态特性进行研究,首先对滑靴副静压支承固定阻尼加可变阻尼组成的流量压力负反馈调节系统进行建模,然后以此为边界条件对滑靴受力/力矩情况和滑靴副倾覆油膜模型的耦合关系进行研究,最后通过Matlab编程搭建滑靴副油膜耦合关系仿真模型,用Newton迭代法求解油膜模型非线性方程组,动态显示滑靴副油膜特性,以分析滑靴副倾覆现象的本质以及弹簧预压紧力对滑靴副倾覆的影响.利用三点确定一平面的原理,通过三点处油膜厚度值对滑靴副油膜厚度场进行建模.分析结果表明,滑靴偏磨一般发生在柱塞腔吸油区到排油区的过渡区,此时的滑靴倾覆程度最大,在滑靴结构一定时,可以通过增大弹簧预压紧力的方法减弱滑靴的倾覆程度.     

径向柱塞泵中滑靴摩擦副的设计分析

该文介绍了静压支承工作原理，并利用静压支承原理对新型径向柱塞泵的滑靴结构进行了设计。分析了滑靴摩擦副的油膜刚度、漏损及影响油膜厚度的因素。     

考虑表面接触力的滑靴副油膜特性分析方法

由于受倾覆力及刚体表面粗糙度影响,液压柱塞泵斜盘-滑靴运动副(滑靴副)在相对运动时处于混合润滑状态。斜盘和滑靴表面接触引起弹性和塑性变形,进而产生表面接触力。接触力与油膜厚度密切相关,在油膜特性分析时不应被忽略。提出一种基于流体动压润滑理论的滑靴副油膜特性(油膜厚度、压力分布、油膜间隙流量)的分析与计算方法,考虑了滑靴副粗糙表面的支撑力影响。在雷诺流体动压润滑方程基础上,考虑滑靴副刚体表面粗糙度水平和油膜厚度,计算液压柱塞泵不同工况下的表面接触支撑力,并将接触力融入运动副的受力方程。提出了基于改进的雷诺流体动压润滑方程的数值计算方法,并进行了仿真分析,通过间接对比滑靴副间隙流量的仿真结果,证实了提出方法的有效性和结果的准确性。     

表面微坑对高压轴向柱塞泵滑靴副油膜性能的影响

高压轴向柱塞泵滑靴副在油润滑条件下工作,零件的表面结构对接触面油膜性能有重要影响。选择锥形、圆柱形、方形3种不同形貌微坑开设于滑靴底部,探讨在高速高压工况下,当滑靴表面微坑形貌参数改变时,油膜承载能力及温升的变化规律。基于滑靴副静压润滑原理,利用有限元分析方法,研究在相同工况下,微坑形貌、面积率及深径比对35 MPa高压轴向柱塞泵滑靴副油膜压力与温度变化的影响。结果表明:锥形截面油膜承载能力最佳,在一定范围内,接触面平均压力随深径比的增加明显增大;方形表面在面积率小、深径比大时具有最小温升;合理倾斜微坑底面,优化表面形状,选择较大的深径比,能获得良好的油膜性能。     

滑靴底面结构对轴向柱塞泵滑靴副油膜性能影响的数值分析

轴向柱塞泵滑靴的底面结构直接影响滑靴副的油膜性能,为了摸索出一种适合于35 MPa高压轴向柱塞泵的滑靴结构,在分析滑靴副油膜压力调节原理的基础上,利用ANSYS软件的FLUENT模块,分别对具有内辅助支承面(简称为"一环结构")及具有内、外辅助支承面(包括"二环连通结构"和"二环不连通结构")底面结构的滑靴对油膜性能的影响进行数值分析。分析结果表明,"二环连通结构"滑靴的性能最差,而"二环不连通结构"的滑靴的综合性能最优,是研制35 MPa高压轴向柱塞泵的首选结构。但"二环不连通结构"的滑靴由于"一环"和"二环"间的外支承面属于高温区,且在密封带到边缘之间的坡度槽处压力损失过大,需进一步优化设计。     

基于CFD的轴向柱塞泵滑靴副的流场仿真

在斜盘式轴向柱塞泵中,滑靴副是主要的摩擦副之一。对滑靴副油膜的形成和流动状况的研究,对于改善其偏磨、烧盘等现象,增加使用寿命,减小泄漏量,提高泵的整体性能有着重要的意义。利用CFD技术对滑靴副流场进行模拟分析,得出压力分布,与通过静压平衡理论公式的计算结果对比,通过仿真结果定量直观地分析了造成磨损的原因,同时说明油膜了在滑靴副中的重要作用。分析表明,滑靴副的结构及其油膜的作用是减小磨损的重要方面。运用Fluent模拟仿真的结果和理论公式计算得出的结果基本吻合,说明Fluent仿真的可行性。     

高压轴向柱塞泵滑靴副性能测试液压

为了测量35 MPa高压轴向变量柱塞泵滑靴副的油膜性能参数,需研制一套滑靴副性能测试液压系统。针对35 MPa的高压工作环境,设计出了一种高压轴向变量柱塞泵滑靴副性能测试液压系统,并建立了其AMESim仿真模型。通过仿真分析,得知该液压系统的卸压能满足工作要求,其卸荷性能良好,而且无论是卸压还是卸荷过程,液压冲击均得到有效的抑制,因而,该液压系统能够满足泵在35 MPa高压工况下平稳运行的要求,从而为提高35 MPa高压轴向变量柱塞泵滑靴副的油膜性能提供了前提保障。     

基于润滑机理的智能液压元件本体性能预测方法

以液压泵为例,以其最为薄弱的环节--滑靴副为研究对象,并以滑靴磨损作为性能退化原因,结合滑靴磨损数学描述方程、泄漏流量公式和柱塞腔压力瞬时变化模型,建立了滑靴磨损过程的油膜润滑特性方程组;揭示了液压泵性能失稳失效机理,计算了失稳和失效临界点;对液压泵性能退化状态进行区域划分,分析液压泵不同状态下滑靴磨损量与油膜润滑特性参数及性能退化参数的变化规律,建立了性能预测模型;通过仿真分析验证理论模型的正确性,通过液压泵性能测试试验验证预测模型的有效性和预测精度,结果表明,所构建的模型能够精确预测液压泵性能。     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副楔形油膜特性分析

轴向柱塞泵工作过程中,滑靴会在倾覆力矩作用下相对于斜盘表面形成一定的楔形油膜,在油膜静压支承力和油膜动压效应和挤压效应作用下滑靴副楔形油膜压力场始终与滑靴所受的外力和外力矩处在动态的平衡中。本文采用一种新的研究方法对滑靴油膜动态特性进行研究,用牛顿迭代算法对滑靴受力/力矩情况和滑靴副油膜的耦合关系进行研究。在Matlab软件中以低层编程的方法揭示滑靴副楔形油膜动态特性,从而对滑靴副工作特性进行预测。     

载荷及转速变化对低速重载轴承润滑性能的影响

为研究不同载荷、转速条件下,低速重载轴承的润滑性能,即油膜厚度、油膜压力及油膜流速的变化情况,利用Abaqus软件建立轴承流固耦合模型,得到油膜厚度在剖面中呈矩形分布,滚动体与内圈之间的油膜厚度小于与外圈之间的油膜厚度。接触区入口处的油膜压力逐渐增大,内滚道接触处的油膜压力大于相应的外滚道油膜压力。流固交面的油膜速度大于自由表面的油膜速度且接触区域的油膜速度最大。随着转速的增加,油膜厚度和油膜压力增加;随着载荷的增加,油膜厚度降低,油膜压力增加。     

A11VLO190轴向柱塞泵柱塞副泄漏与润滑特性研究

将轴向柱塞泵柱塞副的泄漏看做偏心圆环缝隙的流动,使用Matlab进行仿真,分析得到了柱塞副泄漏量与负载压力、配合间隙、工作转速和斜盘倾角的关系。采用有限差分法求解二维雷诺方程,该文在考虑油膜动压效应和挤压效应的条件下,得到了柱塞在缸体内的倾角、柱塞自转速度、进口压力对柱塞副油膜分布压力的影响,为提高柱塞副的效率、改善润滑、减少摩擦磨损和增加使用寿命提供了一些参考意见。     

边界滑移对柱塞偶件间油膜流动规律的影响

斜盘式轴向柱塞泵内柱塞偶件间油膜为相对运动的偶件提供润滑及密封作用。油膜流动将直接影响柱塞偶件的工作性能。深入分析偶件间油膜的流动规律对设计与优化柱塞偶件有重要意义。基于Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程,引入Navier边界滑移推导偶件间油膜流动方程,根据柱塞运动的周期性规律,分析单个周期内滑移长度和柱塞泵转速对油膜流动剪应力及流量的影响。研究发现：吸油阶段时近柱塞壁面处油膜剪应力随滑移长度增大而减小,流量随着滑移长度增大而增大,柱塞运动速度最大且滑移长度由1 μm增大到3 μm后,剪应力减小18%,流量增大13.59%;排油阶段柱塞运动速度越大,近柱塞壁面处剪应力和油膜流量与无滑移条件下的差距越小。在滑移长度为1 μm的条件下柱塞泵转速由1 500 r/min增大到4 000 r/min时,近柱塞壁面处的油膜剪应力与无滑移条件下相比降低明显,一个周期内油膜总流量与无滑移条件下相比差距减小。     

静压支承圆柱副油膜刚度研究

提出一种新的径向柱塞泵，并对其中的一对重要摩擦副——圆柱副的油膜刚度进行了研究，对径向柱塞泵的理论分析具有指导意义。     

斜盘式柱塞泵柱塞-缸体摩擦副的润滑计算与分析

通过对柱塞-缸体间的油膜厚度进行理论计算与分析,进一步分析柱塞-缸体间的倾角、供给压力、柱塞自转及偏心距等相关因素对油膜压力分布的影响,并从润滑角度提出改善其润滑状态、减少磨损和延长使用寿命的建议.     

Lubrication characteristics analysis of slipper bearing in axial piston pump considering thermal effect

In this study, the lubrication characteristics of a slipper bearing for axial piston pump considering oil thermal effect have been investigated. A mathematical model is developed to predict the film thickness and temperature on the slipper/swash plate interface under different operating conditions. Based on the mathematical model, a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the slipper lubrication performance. It is found that the slipper is characterised by an unstable behaviour and the behaviour is enhanced by lower pressure and higher rotational speed. As the film temperature increases rapidly due to high shaft speed and piston chamber pressure, the overall result is a rather low decline in the film thickness. The leakage flow rate increases with increasing speed or oil film thickness. The structure parameter can be optimised to obtain satisfactory slipper performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑黏-温特性对柱塞泵空化射流的影响

黏度是液压油的基本属性之一,其值对温度变化非常敏感,而温度又是影响油液发生空化的直接因素之一,因此为研究油液的实时黏-温特性对轴向柱塞泵空化效应的影响,利用流体仿真分析软件PumpLinx建立了包括湍流模型、全空化模型等条件在内的轴向柱塞泵动态CFD模型;并在考虑配流副间隙、柱塞副间隙和滑靴副间隙基础上,通过分析对比黏度恒定和实时黏-温变化两种条件下柱塞泵温度场、速度场和气体体积分数等因素,分析了黏-温特性对轴向柱塞泵内空化效应的实时影响。结果表明:与黏度为定值相比,在实时黏-温条件下柱塞泵空化效应更加剧烈,研究过程中所建立的仿真模型为后续的优化设计提供了一定的指导。     

Investigation on lubrication condition of piston pin in real engine block with ultrasonic technique

In situ observations of variations in the lubrication conditions between a piston pin and a pin boss in a real automotive engine block operating under low rotational speeds, such as during activation of the engine, were carried out by measuring the echo height detected by an ultrasonic probe installed into the cylindrical piston pin. It was possible to estimate the oil film thickness directly within an accuracy of 1 µm by the echo height ratio reflected from the piston pin surface. The amplitude of the reflected wave (echo height) under the condition including an air bubble was higher than that without an air bubble, and the phase of the wave approached that of the dry condition. It thus became possible to detect cavitation between the piston pin and the pin boss. In particular, cavitations were continuously observed at the anti‐thrust side in the upstroke under 300 rpm operation. However, it was at least clarified that the lubrication condition in the thrust side of the piston pin supporting a load under a stable condition was sufficient to maintain safe operation, since a continuous oil film without a cavity was formed at the thrust side even for a low rotational speed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of piston skirt considering oil film inertia effect

Influence of oil film inertia forces on thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication performances of a piston skirt is analyzed, based on a proposed Reynolds lubrication equation for the consideration of oil film inertia force effects. Further, a scheme to solve the inertia effects is given. The numerical results show that oil film inertia forces can result in increments in film pressure and temperature, hydrodynamic friction force and load capacity, deformation, and transverse displacements of the piston skirt. Moreover, the influences are obvious for a big reduced Reynolds number. Therefore, oil film inertia force effects on thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication performances of a piston skirt in a high speed internal combustion engine should be considered.     

Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Floating Valve Plate Motion in an Axial Piston Pump

The purpose of this investigation was to experimentally measure the motion of the floating valve plate in an axial piston pump under various operating conditions and to develop a model to determine how the floating valve plate motion affected the lubricating pressures between the valve plate and cylinder block. In order to achieve the objectives, a hydraulic circuit was designed and developed to incorporate and operate a floating valve plate axial piston pump. The hydraulic circuit integrating the axial piston pump (axial piston pump apparatus, APPA) consists of a series of valves, pressure sensors, a charge pump, flow meters, temperature sensors, a heat exchanger, and proximity probes. The floating valve plate axial piston pump housing was modified to incorporate three proximity probes to measure the valve plate position and motion relative to the cylinder block, thus allowing for determination of the film thickness within this contact. The results illustrate that as the pump starts up the valve plate experiences vibrations and begins to lift relative to the cylinder block. Then as the pump reaches steady-state operation the valve plate achieves a fixed position and tilt. The results also demonstrate that under steady-state operation, the valve plate vibrates and this vibration correlates well with the speed and the number of pistons in the pump. The measured film thickness results were then used in a lubrication model to determine the pressures generated between the floating valve plate and the cylinder block. The analytical results highlight how the motion of the valve plate directly correlates to the pressure pulsations seen in the lubricating gap.     

润滑油粘度对缸套/活塞环摩擦学性能的影响

在内燃机实际运行中,润滑油的粘度直接影响到润滑油膜的状态,因而活塞环在缸套中不同位置时的摩擦、润滑状态各不相同。文中以缸套活塞环为研究对象,建立了润滑计算模型,并运用该模型对缸内压力、温度、油膜厚度和摩擦系数进行了分析。结果表明,润滑油膜厚度和摩擦系数随转速改变而发生变化,而剪切稀化导致润滑油粘度减小是引起该变化的主要原因。最后,通过对计算结果的分析,提出了适用于缸套活塞环的润滑油粘度指标。