生物降解性高分子材料

简述了生物降解性高分子的生物降解机理,阐述了影响高分子材料生物降解的因素,重点介绍了生物降解 性高分子研究现状。     

可生物降解高分子材料的研究与进展

高分子材料难以自然降解,会造成环境污染。可生物降解高分子材料在其使用寿命后,可以自行降解,是未来高分子材料发展的重要方向之一。简要介绍了生物降解高分子材料及其分类,探讨了可生物降解材料的降解机理、影响材料生物降解的因素和生物降解材料的制备方法、评价方法、研究与应用概况,并指出了可生物降解高分子材料未来发展的方向。     

生物降解高分子/层状硅酸盐复合材料研究进展

生物降解高分子作为环境友好型材料受到人们的关注,近年来国内外对它开展了广泛的研究,但其在实际应用中存在一定的局限性.采用层状硅酸盐制备生物降解高分子复合材料可有效提高和改善生物降解高分子的性能,扩大其应用范围.生物降解高分子/层状硅酸盐复合材料是一种新兴的先进材料,系统地综述了国内外有关生物降解高分子/层状硅酸盐复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势.     

聚乳酸结晶成核剂的研究进展

聚乳酸作为一种新型可生物降解高分子材料,具有优良的机械性能和生物降解性,但结晶速度缓慢也制约了其应用,添加结晶成核剂是一种改善聚合物结晶行为的有效手段,本文综述近年国内外对聚乳酸结晶成核剂的研究情况。     

全生物降解高分子材料的发展现状

生物降解高分子材料因医药、医学、环境等方面的需求而迅速发展起来,在近几十年,世界先进国家非常重视该领域的研究和开发工作,并取得一些重要进展。在简要介绍生物降解高分子材料的降解过程后,着重对全生物降解高分子材料的发展现状作了综述,其中包括化学合成高分子和天然高分子的研究和开发,同时对生物降解高分子材料存在的问题及其将来发展趋势等方面进行了讨论。     

可生物降解高分子材料的研究进展及应用

该文介绍了可生物降解高分子材料的研究现状;论述了生物降解高分子材料的发展趋势、研究热点和应用前景。     

营养添加法治理石油污染土壤研究进展

介绍了在石油污染土壤中使用营养添加法促进石油生物降解的作用机理,总结了营养添加浓度、类型和环境变量对石油生物降解影响的研究近况,并对未来研究方向予以展望。     

降解性高分子材料的研究开发进展

综述了生物降解高分子材料,光降解高分子材料和光－生物降解高分子材料的种类、制备方法、性能及其应用,指出了降解高分子材料存在的问题方向,通过比较认为光降解高分子材料技术比较成就,完全生物降解高分子材料和光－生物降解高分子材料发展前景看好,并对今后的发展提出了建议。     

生物降解性高分子材料(续)

本文综述了国内外生物降解高分子材料的研究现状和发展方向，分析了国内外生物降解研究和生产中存在的几个问题，结合我国的国情，对我国未来生物降解高分子的研究和发展提出了几点建议。     

高分子材料抗静电技术与应用

介绍抗静电高分子材料的研究概况。重点阐述目前提高高分子材料抗静电性能采取的主要方法:添加抗静电剂法、与结构型导电高分子材料共混法和添加导电填料法。分析了这些方法改进高分子材料的抗静电性能的特点,并介绍其应用情况。指出抗静电高分子材料的发展趋势。     

点击化学在高分子研究中的进展

首先概括了点击化学的概念、特征和类型,然后对其在高分子研究中的进展进行了综述。详细地梳理了点击化学与新型聚合方法的联用以及点击化学在合成功能聚合物和控制聚合物拓扑结构方面的应用与研究。     

微生物对聚丙烯酰胺降解作用的研究进展

利用微生物降解残留在环境中的聚合物是近年来研究的一个热点。聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）是一种较难处理的高分子聚合物,本文从微生物产生的酶对聚合物的作用方面进行了综述,概述了微生物对不同类型的聚丙烯酰胺的降解作用,总结了聚丙烯酰胺生物降解的评价手段。基于真菌降解复杂结构高分子方面的非特异性降解酶系统,提出了降解PAM的新途径。     

几种高分子材料的生物降解研究进展

介绍了高分子材料的生物降解机理和降解不同材料的主要微生物种类;详细阐述了聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)聚、乙烯淀、粉共混聚合物(如淀粉/聚乙烯淀、粉/PCL及淀粉/PBS)的生物降解情况。     

Effect of pro-oxidants on the aerobic biodegradation,disintegration, and physio-mechanical properties of compostable polymers

Biodegradable polymers are gaining momentum to resolve the globally acknowledged plastic waste problem. Understanding, characterizing, and developing new generations of biodegradable plastics is crucial to provide industries with alternative green materials that can fully satisfy biodegradation rates and lifetime specifications. This study evaluates the influence of metal pro-oxidant additives on the degradation properties of various biodegradable polymer systems. For this purpose, iron (III) stearate (FeSt₃) and bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃), as oxidant agents, were incorporated into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), cellulose acetate (CA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) bioplastics. The material performances and biodegradability properties due to the additives on the resulting bioplastic formulations were investigated. A mechanism was proposed in which both pro-oxidant additives can accelerate the thermo-oxidation processes under composting conditions and cleave the polymer chains into smaller fragments to stimulate the biodegradation rate through microorganisms' activity. The study revealed that both pro-oxidant additives, FeSt₃ and Bi₂O₃, effectively improved the biodegradation process for all tested polymers except TPS, which already had a very high biodegradation rate. The observed change in the barrier and mechanical properties due to the additives were within tolerable limits of corresponding neat polymers.     

Biodegradable polymers and environmental interaction

Biodegradable polymers are by definition those that degrade as a result of the action of microorganisms and/or enzymes. The rate of this biodegradation may vary from hours to years depending on the molecular architecture of the polymer in question. Biopolymers like lignin take years to degrade while many proteins and polysaccharides degrade within hours to days. The same is true for the synthetic biodegradable polymers where polyethylene is sometimes regarded as inert to biodegradation while polyanhydrides are rapidly biodegradable. The influence of structure, morphology, and surface area on the biodegradability are discussed, with polyesters and degradable polyethylene (with pro-oxidant and/or biodegradable additives) as examples. The rate of biodegradation is controllable by choosing the appropriate molecular architecture. In addition to this the environmental interaction of these polymers should be determined. The degradation product pattern of biodegradable polymers should be compatible with the natural degradation mechanisms (i.e., catabolisms).     

Chain contraction at the critical overlap concentration

The sedimentation of dissolved macromolecules is analyzed in both the regions of very dilute solution and in semidilute regime employing the fractal aggregate model of macromolecular coils and blobs. The macromolecules entering the overlapping region are represented by more compact aggregates than that modeling the individual macromolecule of the same mass and fractal dimension. This regularity is confirmed by analyzing the hydrodynamic behavior of several polymer-solvent systems in a wide interval of fractal dimension including the polymers dissolved in both the theta and real solvents. The reduced hydrodynamic volume of macromolecules is about 0.3-0.5 of that of the individual macromolecule. This well corresponds with the literature data obtained by measurement of the reduction of the static correlation length with concentration and those determined by dielectric study of the end-to-end distance.     

可生物降解高分子材料研究进展

简要说明了可生物降解高分子的降解机理及其种类,介绍了可生物降解高分子材料及其在生物医药方面的应用。表明可生物降解高分子具有良好的应用前景。     

Colorimetric quantification of amino groups in linear and dendritic structures

BACKGROUND: The aim of the work reported was to develop a procedure using 96‐well microtiter plates for the easy determination of protonated groups of compounds including linear poly(amino acid)s and dendritic polymers divided into dendrigraft and dendrimeric structures. This study is a prerequisite step for the quantification of protonated groups in a macromolecule grafted onto a solid surface. RESULTS: The procedure was developed from the modified Bradford protein assay and incorporates several modifications that enable one to determine available amino groups (or even other cationic groups) present on the polyresidues backbone, all within five minutes. Based on the Atherton mathematical model, we evaluated the maximal number of Coomassie blue binding sites on linear, dendrigraft or even dendrimeric structures. CONCLUSION: The mean calculated percentage of occupied sites on a given macromolecule led us to demonstrate that one Coomassie blue molecule interacts with only one single protonated group. Consequently, the developed method using Coomassie blue binding can be used for the quantification of cationic groups in a macromolecule grafted onto a solid surface. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry