酶法生物燃料电池的研究进展

酶法生物燃料电池对能量转换有许多积极的贡献,包括可更新的催化剂、燃料的多样性及室温下的操作能力,但是酶法生物燃料电池仍然被许多条件限制。文章综述了生物燃料电池的研究进展,并着重介绍了酶生物燃料电池的进展状况,提出了酶法生物燃料电池有效发展的限制性因素,找到了一种有效解决三维电极结构的方法。     

基于酶型生物燃料电池发展的自供电生物传感器的应用进展

重点综述了基于酶型生物燃料电池发展的自供电式生物传感器的工作原理和在检测分析酶的底物、酶抑制剂以及临床上病毒与生物标志物等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。     

生物燃料电池研发获突破

<正>近日,中科院青岛生物能源与过程研究所生物传感技术团队在基于细菌表面展示酶的生物燃料电池研发方面取得重要突破,开发出具有较高能量输出和稳定性的新型生物燃料电池。该电池在连续工作55小时后仍可保持84%的最大输出功率,表现出很高的稳定性。业内人士认为,未来     

生物燃料电池酶电极的研究进展

综述了生物燃料电池酶电极的研究进展,尤其是近年来在氧化还原酶的种类、电子介体电极、直接电子传递电极以及固定化酶等方面的研究成果。从提高生物燃料电池的转换效率出发,分析各因素对酶电极性能的影响,包括针对不同底物燃料使用相应的氧化还原酶实现电极之间的电子传递、小分子或聚合物中介体存在下提高电流密度、导电聚合物等修饰电极对直接电子传递效率的贡献,以及物理或化学的酶固定化方法增加酶的稳定性等。因此采用新材料及新工艺构筑酶电极,最大程度上保持酶的活性,提高载酶量及电子传递效率,将成为该领域未来的发展方向。     

海外化工

新型生物柴油抗氧剂问世,欧洲生物乙醇燃料去年增长71％,以糖为燃料的燃料电池在美国问世.     

AuNWs/GO在生物燃料电池中的应用

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为结构单元,在油胺的作用下,采用化学法制备出金纳米线/氧化石墨烯(Au NWs/GO)复合材料,并通过电镜对其进行了表征。将GO、AuNWs/GO纳米材料分别修饰在玻璃炭电极上,并对修饰电极进行电化学性能表征,AuNWs/GO对葡萄糖氧化具有很高的电催化活性,将AuNWs/GO纳米复合材料模拟传统的生物燃料电池中酶作催化剂,构建葡萄糖/O_2生物燃料电池,改进传统生物燃料电池稳定性不高的缺点。     

生物催化在环保中的应用进展

对生物催化剂在环境保护中的应用进行了阐述。具体描述了生物除污和生物产能两个方面。其中前者包括微生物的生物除污和酶生物除污,后者包括生产生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物氢和生物燃料电池。     

生物催化在环保中的应用进展

主要对生物催化剂在环境保护中的应用进行了阐述。具体描述了生物除污和生物产能2个方面。其中,前者包括微生物的除污和酶生物除污,后者包括生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物氢和生物燃料电池的生产。     

酶型生物燃料电池的研究进展

本文综述了近期构建酶型生物燃料电池的电极材料、酶的固定方法以及酶型生物燃料电池应用的研究进展,分析了酶型生物燃料电池构建和应用面临的问题与挑战,展望了酶型生物燃料电池今后发展的方向。     

微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的应用研究进展

微生物燃料电池可以同时进行废水处理和生物发电,开启了废水处理产生清洁新能源的新途径。该文简要介绍了微生物燃料电池的发展历史,重点阐述了无介体微生物燃料电池和无膜微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的应用,概括了微生物燃料电池同步废水处理中存在的问题和工作方向,分析了利用MFC进行废水处理同时生物发电的应用前景。     

Utilization of enzyme cascades for complete oxidation of lactate in an enzymatic biofuel cell

Lactate/lactic acid has been considered as a biofuel for enzymatic biofuel cells, but only with single enzyme bioanodes containing lactate dehydrogenase. A single enzyme-based bioanode results in the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate, which only allows for 2 of the total of 12 electrons to be harnessed from the lactate leaving the majority of the energy density of the fuel in the oxidized product (pyruvate); thereby, resulting in low energy density biofuel cells. This paper details an enzyme cascade for complete oxidation of lactate immobilized on a bioanode and employed in a lactate/air biofuel cell. This paper shows that complete oxidation of lactate increases the current density and power density of the biofuel cell, in a similar trend as was observed for complete oxidation of pyruvate in an enzymatic biofuel cell.     

Organelle-based biofuel cells: Immobilized mitochondria on carbon paper electrodes

This paper details the development of a mitochondria-based biofuel cell. We show that mitochondria can be immobilized at a carbon electrode surface and remain intact and viable. The electrode-bound mitochondria drive complete oxidation of pyruvate as shown by Carbon-13 NMR and serve as the anode of the biofuel cell where they convert the chemical energy in a biofuel (such as pyruvate) into electrical energy. These are the first organelle-based fuel cells. Researchers have previously used isolated enzymes and complete microbes for fuel cells, but this is the first evidence that organelles can support fuel cell-based energy conversion. These biofuel cells provide power densities of 0.203 ± 0.014 mW/cm², which is in between the latest immobilized enzyme-based biofuel cells and microbial biofuel cells, while providing the efficiency of microbial biofuel cells.     

Integration of supercapacitors with enzymatic biobatteries toward more effective pulse-powered use in small-scale energy harvesting devices

Effective integration of electrochemical devices consisting of enzyme-based biobatteries together with high power double-layer type capacitors is discussed here. An ultimate goal is to overcome a typical drawback of enzymatic power sources (biofuel cells and biobatteries): although their energy is potentially high enough to fulfill the needs of small electronic devices, their power is often too low. It is demonstrated that properly selected capacitor can support operation of such a low power device simply by supplying appropriate power pulses with fast dynamic response that is required for many applications involving fluctuating loads. Our model integrated system is obtained by coupling a series of double-layer capacitors with well-behaved zinc/oxygen biobattery. The biobattery utilizes a stable cathodic material composed of covalently phenylated single-walled carbon nanotubes and the oxygen reduction enzyme, laccase, together with the hopeite-covered zinc rod acting as the anode. The enzymatic power source was characterized by the maximum power density of 1.8 mW cm^?2, the open circuit voltage of 1.6 V. Nevertheless, under the 50 Ω loading, the voltage of biobattery (electrode surface areas of ca. 0.3 cm²) drops to 0 V after 2 s. The practical performance (power stability) of a biobattery has significantly improved by its parallel connection to electrochemical capacitor. The importance of such capacitor’s parameters as low resistance (not more than a few hundred of milliohms), proper capacitance, and leakage current (not higher than a few microamperes) is emphasized here. The potential utility of the optimized biobattery/supercapacitor system is discussed in terms of use as a source of power to operate a digital watch.     

Bioelectronic Devices Controlled by Biocomputing Systems

This paper outlines recent advances in the integration of enzyme-based biocomputing systems operating as Boolean logic gates and their networks with various bioelectronic devices. “Smart” switchable electrodes for biosensors and biofuel cells with built-in biomolecular logic were designed. Interfacing between the biocomputing systems and switchable electrodes resulted in bioelectronic devices controlled by complex patterns of variable biomolecular signals. Various biomedical applications of the novel logically-controlled bioelectronic devices are feasible.     

Long-term activity of covalent grafted biocatalysts during intermittent use of a glucose/O2 biofuel cell

The operational stability of enzymes in a concentric glucose/O₂ biofuel cell has been significantly improved with the synthesis of grafted enzyme electrodes compared to entrapped enzyme electrodes. The concentric device combined glucose electro-oxidation by glucose oxidase at the anode and oxygen electro-reduction by bilirubin oxidase at the cathode. The entrapped enzyme electrodes were prepared from physical immobilization of the enzymes by a polypyrrole polymer onto the electrode surface. The grafted enzyme electrodes were synthesized by grafting the enzymes via alkyl spacer arms to a poly(aminopropylpyrrole) film onto the electrode surface. From spectrophotometric and electrochemical analyses, it was demonstrated that the spacer arms increased the operational stability and enzyme mobility that favoured electron transfer from their active sites to the electrode.The maximum power output of the assembled biofuel cell was 20 μW cm⁻², at 0.20 V with 10 mM glucose in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The grafted enzyme electrodes presented an unprecedented operational stability as the maximum of power density of the BFC remains constant after intermittent use over a 45-day period. This was a remarkable improvement compared to electrodes with entrapped enzymes, which lost 74% of their initial power density after intermittent use over a 17-day period.     

Development of alcohol/O2 biofuel cells using salt-extracted tetrabutylammonium bromide/Nafion membranes to immobilize dehydrogenase enzymes

Quaternary ammonium bromide salt-treated Nafion membranes provide an ideal environment for enzyme immobilization. Because these quaternary ammonium bromide salt-treated Nafion membranes retain the physical properties of Nafion and increase the mass transport of ions and neutral species through the membrane, they are also ideal for modifying electrodes. Therefore, high current density bioanodes are formed from poly(methylene green) (an electrocatalyst for NADH) modified electrodes that have been coated with a layer of tetrabutylammonium bromide salt-treated Nafion with dehydrogenase enzymes immobilized within the layer. Ethanol/O₂ biofuel cells employing these bioanodes have yielded power densities of 1.16 mW/cm² with a single-enzyme system (alcohol dehydrogenase) and 2.04 mW/cm² with a double-enzyme system (alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase) in the polymer layer. Methanol/O₂ biofuel cells employing these bioanodes have yielded power densities of 1.55 mW/cm² and open circuit potentials of 0.71 V.     

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells Based on Three-Dimensional Conducting Electrode Matrices

Enzymatic biofuel cells can use a variety of fuels such as glucose and ethanol, and they have the potential to power portable devices. This article summarizes recent advances made in the use of three-dimensional conducting materials as electrode matrices of enzymatic biofuel cells from the point of view of the current density and the power density.     

Nanobiocatalysis for Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Enzymatic biofuel cells promise a great potential as a small power source, but their practical applications are being hampered by two serious problems: low power density and short lifetime. This review will describe recent advances of nanobiocatalysis that can potentially solve these two problems, together with some of novel in vivo applications of biofuel cells for harvesting electrical energy from the body fluids of living insects and animals.     

Development of a membraneless ethanol/oxygen biofuel cell

Biofuel cells are similar to traditional fuel cells, except the metallic electrocatalyst is replaced with a biological electrocatalyst. This paper details the development of an enzymatic biofuel cell, which employs alcohol dehydrogenase to oxidize ethanol at the anode and bilirubin oxidase to reduce oxygen at the cathode. This ethanol/oxygen biofuel cell has an active lifetime of about 30 days and shows power densities of up to 0.46 mW/cm². The biocathode described in this paper is unique in that bilirubin oxidase is immobilized within a modified Nafion polymer that acts both to entrap and stabilize the enzyme, while also containing the redox mediator in concentrations large enough for self-exchange based conduction of electrons between the enzyme and the electrode. This biocathode is fuel tolerant, which leads to a unique fuel cell that employs both renewable catalysts and fuel, but does not require a separator membrane to separate anolyte from catholyte.