小麦中呕吐毒素的分布规律及加工影响

采用自然污染不同程度呕吐毒素的小麦为材料,通过检测制粉工艺过程中不同产物如麸皮、细麸、皮粉、心粉中呕吐毒素含量,探索小麦不同部位呕吐毒素的含量分布及制粉工艺中去除DON的效果。结果表明:呕吐毒素在小麦中的污染程度从外到内逐步递减;经过小麦制粉加工工艺后,存留在面粉中的DON浓度仅为原来小麦中DON浓度的49.17%～77.68%,而粗麸及细麸中DON浓度为原来小麦中DON浓度的132.00%～185.96%。另外,小麦中呕吐毒素的含量跟赤霉病粒的含量不存在完全的一一对应的线性关系,赤霉病粒含量的多少不能完全反应小麦中呕吐毒素的含量。     

实验制粉去除小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的研究

采用自然污染脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素不同程度的9种小麦为材料,通过检测其经实验制粉工艺得到麸皮、细麸、不同出粉点面粉包括最后统粉的DON含量,探索小麦实验制粉工艺去除DON的效果。结果表明:经过小麦实验制粉工艺后,能够重新分配小麦中的DON毒素,存留在面粉中的DON总量仅为原来小麦的31.03%～50.39%,并主要分布在小麦的表皮中,在小麦胚乳中也呈从内到外逐渐升高。制得面粉统粉中DON含量减少23.67%～58.97%,心磨粉最高能减少70.51%。小麦籽粒DON含量与制得面粉中DON含量之间呈幂函数回归关系,回归方程为y=0.498x1.206(R2=0.991),随着DON污染程度越低,DON含量减少率越大。以上实验证明,小麦制粉工艺是一种有效的去除小麦中DON毒素的方法。     

商业小麦麸皮的营养与安全品质研究

收集不同地区,4个厂家的12种商业麦麸(粗麸、细麸)进行理化及安全特性的分析。结果表明不同麸皮间存在较大差异,同类小麦得到的粗麸与细麸间也存在差异。其中粗淀粉含量差异性(CV=23%)最大,粗蛋白和植酸含量差异性(CV=8%)最小。小麦麸皮氨基酸组成中谷氨酸平均含量最高为3.11%,半胱氨酸平均含量最低为0.03%。安全指标测定中呕吐毒素有4个样品超标,赭曲霉毒素有2个样品超标,其他毒素均未超标。重金属测定中仅镉含量有1个样品超标,其余均在限定范围内。细麸相比粗麸中灰分、总膳食纤维和呕吐毒素的含量更高。而粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗淀粉、植酸和玉米赤霉烯酮的含量是细麸中的含量高于粗麸中的含量。这种规律与粗麸、细麸的主要组成是密切相关的。     

真菌毒素在赤霉病小麦研磨及其湿法加工中的分布研究

小麦赤霉病不仅会导致粮食减产,更会引起多种真菌毒素的高污染风险。将染病小麦进行实验室制粉并湿法分离统粉中的粗淀粉、谷朊粉,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay,ELISA)测定各系统的呕吐毒素(Deoxynivalenol,DON)、黄曲霉毒素B1(Aflatoxin B1,AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN)以及赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)的含量,以探究赤霉病小麦在制粉及其湿法加工中四种常见真菌毒素的分布变化规律。结果显示:研磨制粉及湿法加工对真菌毒素的分布影响显著。制粉加工后,皮磨和心磨系统粉的DON、AFB1、ZEN和OTA含量比原粮显著降低,降低率分别为1.38~16.24%、20.47~71.77%及26.71~69.51%;湿法加工产物中,DON消减为相应统粉的4.88~12.11%,AFB1与OTA浓缩富集,富集率分别可达统粉的2.55、3.65倍,粗淀粉中ZEN消减为统粉的12.70~15.83%,谷朊粉则富集为统粉的4.11倍。研究表明,在工业生产中,可根据赤霉病小麦的感染类型及程度,适当选用研磨或湿法加工等合适的方法加工处理。     

氧脂素对赭曲霉孢子产生、赭曲霉毒素A合成及粮食受侵染程度的影响

为明确氧脂素羟基十八碳二烯酸（hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid,HODE）对不同密度赭曲霉的孢子产生和赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）合成的作用,测定不同密度赭曲霉培养过程中9S-HODE、13S-HODE和OTA的产量,添加9S-HODE和13S-HODE后孢子和OTA产量,最后测定不同密度赭曲霉对粮食的侵染程度。结果显示,低接种密度的赭曲霉9S-HODE/13S-HODE比值及OTA产量更高;添加9S-HODE抑制赭曲霉孢子形成、促进OTA合成,13S-HODE作用相反;孢子接种密度为103?个/mL和106?个/mL的赭曲霉侵染花生、大豆、玉米及小麦后,发芽率分别降低29%、21%、17%、14%和35%、29%、20%、22%。这表明群体密度影响赭曲霉9S-HODE、13S-HODE和OTA产量,9S-HODE和13S-HODE可能是赭曲霉群体感应信号分子,二者在调节赭曲霉孢子产生和OTA合成上作用相反,高群体密度赭曲霉对粮食的侵染能力更强,脂肪及蛋白含量高的粮食可能更易被赭曲霉侵染。     

雾化着水机在制粉工艺中的应用

现代制粉工艺中大都设计有磨前喷雾着水,它可使入磨小麦皮层水分显著增加,经短暂润麦后再入磨研磨。小麦皮层水分增加,韧性增强,抗剪切能力提高,从而减少研磨过程中麸皮的破碎,减少面粉中麸星含量,提高面粉质量。根据经验,使用磨前喷     

veA基因影响黑曲霉生长及赭曲霉毒素合成

为探究全局调控因子veA基因对黑曲霉生长发育及赭曲霉毒素合成的影响,采用农杆菌介导的同源重组方法,构建过表达veA基因的黑曲霉菌株,比较出发菌株（黑曲霉CICC 41702）与veA过表达菌株（OE：：veA）在形态发展和赭曲霉毒素合成方面的差异。结果表明：OE：：veA菌株中veA基因的表达量与出发菌株相比提高了299%。相比于出发菌株,OE：：veA突变株的生长速度与出发菌株基本一致,但菌丝枝节较少且枝节较短,菌丝整体疏散,有更多的分生孢子头;赭曲霉毒素 β（ochratoxin β,OTβ）、赭曲霉毒素 α（ochratoxin α,OTα）、赭曲霉毒素 B（ochratoxin B,OTB）以及赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）含量都有大幅度降低。在培养的5、6 d和7 d中,出发菌株的OTA含量呈上升趋势,OE：：veA突变株基本保持不变,与出发菌株相比,OE：：veA菌株OTA的含量相对减少46%、63.33%、和75.81%。     

高效液相色谱法测定猪肾脏中赭曲霉毒素A

建立高效液相色谱法测定猪肾脏中赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的含量。采用免疫亲和柱净化,Zorbax SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-2%乙酸为流动相,激发波长(λem)为332 nm,发射波长(λex)为460 nm。结果显示,赭曲霉毒素A在0.1 ng/mL~10 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R~2=0.999 9),平均加样回收率为77.3%~84.4%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.8%~1.3%。该方法简便、准确性好、灵敏度高,可用于猪肾脏中赭曲霉毒素含量的测定。     

葡萄赭曲霉毒素污染及其产毒素菌株的筛选方法研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin,OTA)是由曲霉属和青霉属等真菌产生的一类真菌毒素,其毒性很强,分布广泛,对人类和动植物的健康有着巨大的影响。葡萄及其制品是食品中OTA的主要来源之一,从病害的葡萄表面筛选分离产生赭曲霉毒素的菌株是最常用的研究产毒素菌株的方法。由于产毒素菌株主要分布在葡萄果实的表面,葡萄组织受损后会极大提高赭曲霉素的污染程度,研究产毒菌株分布及产毒素能力对控制赭曲霉素污染及寻找一种有效地生物防治方法提供参考。本文综述了葡萄赭曲霉毒素的污染情况及其产毒素菌株的筛选方法,为控制葡萄及其产品中的OTA污染提供依据。      

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测茶叶中的 赭曲霉毒素A

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术检测茶叶中赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的方法。方法用甲醇-2%Na HCO3溶液(60:40,V:V)提取样品中的赭曲霉毒素A,采用免疫亲和柱对茶叶中的赭曲霉毒素A净化,使用甲醇-5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%乙酸)为流动相,检测赭曲霉毒素A,采用正离子模式。结果本方法中赭曲霉毒素A在0.5~10 ng/m L质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.996),回收率在83.6%~92.5%之间,相对标准偏差在6.5%~9.1%之间,检出限为0.1μg/kg。结论该方法准确性好、灵敏度高,适用于茶叶样品的检测。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press