日粮类型及牛磺酸添加对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为探讨日粮类型及牛磺酸添加对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,经28 d试验发现:①高动物蛋白日粮优于全植物蛋白日粮,全期平均日增重提高33.79%(P<0.01),腹泻率降低53.30%(P<0.01),料肉比降低7.26%;②牛磺酸添加在全植物蛋白日粮中,全期平均日增重提高31.38%(P<0.01),腹泻率降低46.70%(P<0.05),料肉比降低5.59%;③牛磺酸添加在高动物蛋白日粮中,全期平均日增重仅提高1.55%(P>0.05),腹泻率降低7.19%(P>0.05),料肉比不变;④全植物蛋白日粮中添加牛磺酸能替代高动物蛋白日粮,全期平均日增重仅降低1.80%(P>0.05),腹泻率增加14.15%(P>0.05),料肉比提高1.81%.     

饲粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

研究玉米型饲粮和小麦型饲粮中分别添加不同水平的非淀粉多糖酶（NSP酶、木聚糖酶和β-甘露聚糖酶）对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明：玉米型基础饲粮中添加NSP酶对仔猪的生长性能和血清生化指标无显著影响(P＞0.05）;小麦型基础饲粮中添加NSP酶,显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重和血清中的总蛋白、球蛋白和磷的含量(P＜0.05）,显著降低了谷草转氨酶的活性(P＜0.05）。     

日粮中不同蛋氨酸、苏氨酸水平对断奶仔猪有关血液生化指标的影响

试验采用早期断奶仔猪 72头 ,按 2× 3因素水平设计 ,即 2个蛋氨酸水平 (0 .2 9% ,0 .39% )和 3个苏氨酸水平 (0 .6 0 % ,0 .6 8%和 0 .76 % )分为 6种日粮处理。基础日粮为玉米 -小麦 -豆粕 -花生粕型日粮 ,试验期为 2 2d。试验第 2 1天 ,各重复选取 1头仔猪采前腔静脉血 ,分析血清尿素氮 (BUN)、总蛋白 (TP)、白蛋白 (ALB)的浓度及游离氨基酸质量浓度。结果表明 ,日粮中不同的苏氨酸水平影响血清BUN、TP的浓度 (P <0 .0 5 )及血清ALB的浓度 (P<0 .0 1)。血清BUN浓度与日粮苏氨酸水平呈显著负相关 ,随着日粮苏氨酸水平的提高 ,血清BUN浓度直线降低(P <0 .0 1)。随着日粮中苏氨酸水平和蛋氨酸水平的提高 ,血清中游离苏氨酸与蛋氨酸水平分别呈直线上升 (P<0 .0 1)。     

米糠提取物二十八烷醇对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液指标的影响

将米糠提取物二十八烷醇应用于断奶仔猪教槽料中,探索二十八烷醇对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液指标的影响,并与抗生素泰妙菌素效果进行比较,旨在探索二十八烷醇替代抗生素的可能性。选取105头21日龄、初始体重为(5.70±1.41)kg的健康"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,即对照组、泰妙菌素组和二十八烷醇组,每组7个重复,每个重复5头猪,进行饲养试验,试验期42 d,分别测定各组仔猪的生长性能、日粮中养分消化率、腹泻程度和血液指标。结果表明,整个试验期内,与对照组相比,二十八烷醇组仔猪的日增重、饲料转化率、腹泻程度和血液指标均显著优于对照组(P0.05),并可提高日粮中干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率;与泰妙菌素组相比,二十八烷醇组仔猪的血液指标与泰妙菌素组存在显著性差异(P0.05),日增重、饲料转化率、营养成分消化率和腹泻程度指标与泰妙菌素组效果无显著差异(P0.05)。因此,二十八烷醇可替代抗生素用于断奶仔猪教槽料中,为开发安全、高效、无残留的畜禽促生长饲料添加剂提供参考。     

日粮添加肉碱对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

２１日龄平均体重为５．８５ｋｇ的断奶仔猪６４头,按随机区组设计分４组,肉碱添加水平依次为：０,５０,１００和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。各阶段及全程试验结果表明：各组平均日增生（ＡＤＧ）以３组（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ添加组）最高,但差异不显著;３组平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）比１组（０组添加组）或２组（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ添加组）显著提高７．７％￣１５．２％（Ｐ〈０．０５）;各组饲料转化效率（ＦＣＲ）及血清尿素氮（ＳＵＮ）     

血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

选取35日龄早期断奶仔猪36头,分为两个组(对照组、试验组),研究制备生产的喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能与血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:试验组日增重显著提高(P<0.05),其中Ⅰ期(1~10 d)优于Ⅱ期(10~20 d),平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);料肉比得到改善(P<0.05);腹泻率下降(P<0.05)。血清尿素氮、血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯显著下降(P<0.05)。表明血浆蛋白粉可通过改善断奶仔猪的物质代谢来改善其生产性能,同时也表明该工艺生产的血浆蛋白粉用于生产是可行的。     

断奶仔猪饲粮中添加蔗果低聚糖效果试验

选择２８日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂产仔猪４８头,按体重、性别随机分成３组,进行为期３０天的饲养试验,研究了在饲粮中添加０（对照组）,０．２％和０．５％的蔗果低聚糖（ＦＯＳ）对仔猪生产性能和断奶后腹泻的影响。结果表明：０．５％ＦＯＳ组日增重较对照组提高１３．８４％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,饲料转化比（饲料／增重）降低８．０８％。０．２％和０．５％ＦＯＳ组仔猪腹泻频率分别比对照组降低１．１和０．８个百分点。由此可     

低聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为探讨不同低聚糖和抗生素对仔猪的生长性能、腹泻率的影响,在试验组基础日粮中分别添加0.02%低聚木糖、0.1%低聚异麦芽糖和抗生素(500 mg/kg金霉素).结果表明,添加低聚木糖组和低聚异麦芽糖组较抗生素组全期平均日增重分别提高8.83%和7.53%,差异显著(P＜0.05);料重比下降5.38%和5.23%,差异显著(P＜0.05);毛利收入增加7.49%和6.5%;仔猪腹泻状况也有所改善.低聚糖在一定程度上可替代抗生素,但不同低聚糖的饲喂效果存在差异.     

花粉提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选用28日龄断奶的杜洛克×长白×大约克三元杂交仔猪90头,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,对照组饲喂玉米-大麦-豆粕-鱼粉型基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮基础上添加花粉提取物150mg/kg,进行为期28d的饲养试验。于试验期末采集试猪血液进行生化指标测定。研究结果表明,花粉提取物显著改善饲料利用效率,料肉比降低6.43%(P<0.05);花粉提取物使血液甲状腺素、胰岛素及胰岛素样生长因子I含量分别提高26.24%(P<0.05)、118.36%(P<0.05)和28.93%(P<0.05),促进蛋白质沉积。     

日粮亮氨酸水平与宫内发育迟缓对断奶仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

研究日粮亮氨酸水平与宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）对断奶仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的影响。挑选16头正常初生重（NBW）仔猪和16头IUGR仔猪,公母各半。仔猪于14日龄断奶,采用2×2因子设计,一半NBW与IUGR断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,剩余断奶仔猪饲喂添加0.35%亮氨酸的实验日粮,即4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复1头仔猪。实验期为21 d。结果表明:与NBW断奶仔猪相比,IUGR断奶仔猪肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活力显著降低,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（p<0.05）。IUGR断奶仔猪肝脏线粒体锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量较NBW断奶仔猪均显著降低（p<0.05）。另外,IUGR显著降低断奶仔猪肝脏核转录因子2（Nrf2）、超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1）、超氧化物歧化酶2（SOD2）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶1（GPx1）mRNA表达量（p<0.05）。日粮添加0.35%亮氨酸可显著降低断奶仔猪肝脏MDA含量,显著提高SOD2 mRNA表达量（p<0.05）。高亮氨酸水平日粮可显著缓解IUGR介导断奶仔猪线粒体GSH含量降低与肝脏SOD2和GPx1mRNA表达下调（p<0.05）。因此,日粮添加0.35%亮氨酸,可降低断奶仔猪肝脏脂质过氧化程度,一定程度缓解了IUGR对断奶仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的不良影响。      

Rice protein concentrate partially replaces dried whey in the diet for early‐weaned piglets and improves their growth performance

BACKGROUND: Recently, rice protein concentrate (RPC), a much cheaper source of dietary protein, has become commercially available for use in the feed industry. Importantly, dietary supplementation with RPC can increase feed intake by early‐weaned pigs. The objective of this study was to determine whether RPC can replace milk protein in the diet for early‐weaned pigs. RESULTS: Neither average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), nor the feed/gain ratio differed among the treatment groups in weeks 1 and 2. In week 3, the addition of 5 or 10% RPC to diets increased (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG of pigs compared to those in the control group fed a 60% dried whey diet. During the entire 21‐day trial, ADFI and ADG were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the 5 and 10% RCP diets than in pigs fed the 60% dried whey and 15% RCP diets. There were no differences in the serum concentrations of growth hormone on days 14 and 21, serum concentrations of insulin growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) on day 14, or IGF‐I gene expression in liver and skeletal muscle on days 14 and 21 among the dietary treatments. Serum concentrations of IGF‐I in pigs fed the 5, 10 and 15% RPC diets were greater than those in pigs fed the 60% dried whey diet. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that up to 10% RPC can be used to replace dried whey in the diet for 7‐ to 21‐day‐old weaned piglets and can improve their growth performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

椰子油和单月桂酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生产性能及粪便微生物的影响

研究椰子油和单月桂酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及粪便微生物的影响.结果表明:饲料中添加椰子油和单月桂酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生产性能影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),豆油组较椰子油组中添加单月桂酸甘油酯平均日增重效果更好(P＜0.05).与豆油组相比,椰子油组血清甘油三酯含量显著降低(P＜0.05);添加单月桂酸甘油酯血清甘油三酯含量显著降低(P＜0.05),碱性磷酸酶极显著升高(P＜0.01);与豆油加椰子油组相比,添加单月桂酸甘油酯血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和肌酐含量显著提高(P＜0.05),血清中碱性磷酸酶极显著提高(P＜0.01);椰子油组较豆油组中添加单月桂酸甘油酯,血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和肌酐含量显著提高(P＜0.05),总蛋白含量极显著提高(P＜0.01),血清中碱性磷酸酶含量极显著降低(P＜0.01).椰子油和单月桂酸甘油酯都能极显著降低粪便中总菌落数(P＜0.01).     

Effect of replacement of lactose with partially hydrolysed rice syrup on small intestine development in weaned pigs from 7 to 21 days

BACKGROUND: Feeding pigs with manufactured liquid diets has led to an increase in weaning weights compared with pigs receiving pelleted dry feed. Several alternative dietary ingredients are utilised in manufactured liquid diets other than by‐products of the dairy industry, especially as sources of carbohydrates. Postnatal gut development is important not only for protecting the neonate from enteric pathogens but also for digestion and the absorption of nutrients for growth. The present experiment was designed to study the effect of partially hydrolysed rice syrup as a replacement for lactose in manufactured liquid diets on the development of the small intestine in weaned pigs from 7 to 21 days. RESULTS: The replacement of lactose with partially hydrolysed rice syrup did not affect ileal and duodenal (P > 0.1) disaccharidase activity on day 14 or duodenal sucrase activity on day 21 but increased jejunal disaccharidase activity on day 14 and decreased small intestinal disaccharidase activity on day 21 (P < 0.05). The replacement did not affect alkaline phosphatase activity, the mucosal protein/DNA ratio or intestinal morphological measurements on either day 14 or day 21. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that partially hydrolysed rice syrup could be used as a replacement for lactose in manufactured liquid diets for neonatal pigs. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

谷朊粉酶解物对断奶仔猪生产性能、腹泻及消化率的影响

研究谷朊粉酶解物对断奶仔猪生产性能、腹泻及消化率的影响.结果表明:1.5%酶解物组在0～10 d阶段的平均日增重比对照组、血浆蛋白组和3%酶解物组分别提高25.6%、14.6%和21.7%,在0～21 d则分别提高5.2%、8.3%和15.1%(P＜0.05),在断奶0～21 d,1.5%酶解物组的料肉比比对照组、血浆蛋白粉组和3%酶解物组分别降低13.9%、5.4%和6.7%(P＜0.05).在0～21 d,1.5%酶解物组的腹泻率最低,比对照组和血浆蛋白组分别降低38.6%和38.6%(P＜0.05).血浆蛋白组、1.5%酶解物组和3%酶解物组的能量消化率比对照组分别提高5.1%、5.2%和3.9%(P＜0.05).1.5%酶解物组的粗蛋白质消化率比对照组和血浆蛋白粉组分别提高10.9%和5.6%(P＜0.05).1.5%酶解物组钙的消化率与对照组、血浆蛋白粉组和3%酶解物组相比分别提高10.3%、8.2%和7.8%(P＜0.05).1.5%酶解物组饲料的饲喂效果最佳.     

Short communication: Effect of replacing corn with beet pulp in a high concentrate diet fed to weaned Holstein calves on diet digestibility and growth

Using soluble fiber sources in starter and grower feeds for dairy calves less than 4 mo of age is common to reduce costs compared with including traditional cereal grains. Beet pulp (BP) contains relatively high concentrations of pectin compared with other fibrous feed ingredients and has been shown to be an acceptable replacement for corn in adult cow diets. However, limited information is available on BP digestibility and growth performance for young calves fed diets with BP. In this study, 48 male Holstein calves (59 ± 2 d of age, 77 ± 2.2 kg of initial body weight) were fed 95% concentrate, 5% chopped grass hay diets in groups with 4 calves/pen for 56 d. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments containing 0, 15, or 30% BP on an as-fed basis. Body weights, hip widths, and body condition scores were assessed at 56 (start of trial), 84, and 112 d of age. Dry matter intakes and refusals were recorded daily by pen. Digestion coefficients (dC) of the diets and microbial protein flows were estimated when calves were approximately 84 d of age. Fecal samples were collected daily from pen floors over a 7-d period, and urine samples were collected from 2 calves/pen over a 2-d period and analyzed for purine derivatives. Calf average daily gain and hip width change decreased linearly (from 1.09 to 1.04 kg/d and 5.4 to 4.8 cm over 56 d, respectively) with increasing BP. Dry matter, organic matter (from 79.7 to 75.6%), crude protein (75.7 to 70.1%), and starch (97.1 to 93.1%) dC decreased with increasing inclusion rates of BP. Conversely, neutral detergent fiber (from 47.1 to 52.7%) and acid detergent fiber (44.1 to 53.0%) dC increased with increasing BP. Estimates of urine output and microbial protein flow using purine derivatives did not differ among treatments. Under the conditions of this study, BP reduced growth largely by reducing diet digestibility in dairy calves from 56 to 112 d of age.     

日粮中添加DDGS对五指山大猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

研究饲粮中添加两种不同水平的DDGS对五指山猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择48头体重约18kg的五指山大猪,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、II组DDGS使用量分别是22%,25%,进行为期30d的饲养试验。结果表明,与饲喂基础饲粮组相比,22%DDGS组平均增重、平均日增重和料重比差异不显著;25%DDGS组平均增重和平均日增重显著降低,料重比增加显著。3个组平均增重所需的饲料成本分别为13.57、12.80和12.87元/kg。本试验条件下,五指山大猪饲料中DDGS适宜添加水平为22%。     

不同铬源对肉鸡生长、脏器指数及血液生化指标的影响

研究在肉鸡饲粮中添加不同铬源对肉鸡生长、脏器指数及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)酵母铬组料重比最低,较对照组和吡啶甲酸铬组差异显著(P<0.05),与蛋氨酸铬组差异不显著(P>0.05);不同铬源对肉仔鸡成活率影响差异不明显(P>0.05)。(2)酵母铬源能显著提高肉仔鸡腹脂率(P<0.05)。酵母铬组较吡啶甲酸铬组能显著提高脾脏指数(P<0.05);酵母铬组、蛋氨酸铬组较对照组和吡啶甲酸铬组能显著降低心脏相对重(P<0.05)。(3)对肉鸡血清生化指标影响都有提高趋势,除对甘油三酯影响差异不显著外(P>0.05),其中吡啶甲酸铬和蛋氨酸铬能显著提高血清中白蛋白、总胆固醇、总蛋白和血糖水平,并且蛋氨酸铬还能显著提高血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。