液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定干制食用菌中5种砷形态

目的 建立液相色谱-紫外消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(liquid chromatography-ultraviolet digestion-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,LC-UV-HG-AFS)测定干制食用菌中砷甜菜碱(AsB)、砷酸根[As(Ⅴ)]、亚砷酸根[As(III)]、一甲基砷(MMA)和二甲基砷(DMA)的分析方法。方法 样品用水于60 ℃水浴超声提取1.5 h,离心10 min取上清液,经0.45 ?m滤膜过滤。采用Hamilton PRP-X100阴离子交换柱(250 mm×4.1 mm,10 μm),以8 mmol/L磷酸氢二铵(pH=8.5)为流动相进行分离,用LC-UV-HG-AFS法测定5种砷形态。结果 AsB、MMA、DMA和As(III)在2.5～200.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,As(Ⅴ)在5.0～200.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,5种砷形态标准曲线相关系数均大于0.999;5种砷形态加标回收率为85.0 %～107.0%,相对标准偏差均小于5.0%;AsB、MMA、DMA、As(III)和As(Ⅴ)的检出限分别为0.02、0.02、0.01、0.02和0.03 mg/kg,定量限分别为0.04、0.04、0.03、0.06和0.08 mg/kg。结论 对干制食用菌分析表明,食用菌中无机砷含量较低,砷含量高的食用菌主要以AsB为主。所建方法简便、准确、快速,适用于干制食用菌中AsB、MMA、DMA、As(III)和As(Ⅴ)的检测。     

高效液相色谱氢化物发生原子荧光光谱联用检测海藻中砷形态

目的测定14种海藻样品中总砷和无机砷的含量,同时分析样品中6种砷形态。方法将海藻样品经过微波消解的前处理方法,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定总砷含量;根据国标方法中无机砷检测的前处理方法,通过原子荧光光谱(atomic fluorescence spectrometry,AFS)测定无机砷含量;最后通过酸提的前处理方法,利用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet photo-oxidation-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS)测定海藻样品中6种形态砷含量并与国标无机砷方法比较。结果 14种海藻样品中总砷含量为0.038~46.2 mg/kg;无机砷含量为0.006~19.3 mg/kg;对HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS仪器的优化和方法的摸索后,从海藻样品中主要测得的砷形态为As(III)、As(V)和DMA,MMA含量较少,没有测出As B和As C。结论在砷形态较为复杂的海藻样品检测中,通过HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS检测方法可以有效避免无机砷前处理中可能出现的有机砷向无机砷转变的现象,降低干扰,增加测试的准确性,更为具体地表现海藻样品中主要的砷形态含量。     

液相色谱-原子荧光法测定大米中4种砷形态

目的建立以0.3 mol/L硝酸为提取剂提取大米中4种砷形态(亚砷酸根AsⅢ、砷酸根AsⅤ、一甲基砷MMA和二甲基砷DMA)的液相色谱-原子荧光(liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,LC-AFS)分析方法。方法在60℃条件下,超声40 min提取大米样品,上清液供LC-AFS测。比较2种提取方法对稻米中4种砷形态的提取效率,并对提取温度和提取时间等条件进行优化。结果 4种砷形态化合物的检出限为0.002~0.01μg/mL,加标回收率为89.03%~100.70%,RSD不大于4.36%(n=5)。结论此方法可以在1h时内完全分离大米样品中的四种砷形态,操作简单、灵敏,适用于大米中重金属砷的风险评估。     

大米中总砷和不同形态无机砷含量的测定

分别采用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大米中总砷含量和高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定大米中不同形态无机砷的含量,并研究了2种方法测定总砷和无机砷的条件。结果表明:大米中砷的存在形式有As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、二甲基砷及一种未知的砷化合物;测定样品中As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)含量分别为3.4μg/kg和17.4μg/kg,其加标回收率为90%-106%,相对标准偏差为3.52%。而样品中总砷含量为88.13μg/kg,其加标回收率在94%-103%,相对标准偏差为1.29%。     

深圳市盐田区海产品总砷及砷形态调查研究及风险评价

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP/MS)检测海产品的总砷含量,液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(HPLC-ICP-MS)检测海产品5种砷形态含量。在被检测的180份海产品中,168份海产品的总砷含量高于0.5mg/kg,所占比例为93.3%,均值为9.43mg/kg。该168份海产品的砷形态(As B、AsⅢ、AsⅤ、MMA、DMA)检测结果为无机砷(AsⅢ与AsⅤ)含量均低于定量限0.06mg/kg;检出含量高于0.5mg/kg的砷甜菜碱(As B)124份(73.8%),均值为7.05mg/kg;二甲基砷(DMA)49份(29.2%),均值为0.25mg/kg;一甲基砷(MMA)未检出。结果显示,无毒的As B含量明显高于低毒的DMA(P0.05),含量高于0.5mg/kg的As B检出比例也明显高于DMA(P0.05),表明本地区海产品安全风险较低,食用安全性有保障。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定蚝油类调味品中5种砷形态

目的 采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP/MS)联用技术对蚝油类调味品中砷甜菜碱(AsB)、亚砷酸根[As(Ⅲ)]、二甲基砷(DMA)、一甲基砷(MMA)和砷酸根[As(Ⅴ)]5种砷形态进行分析方法研究.方法 蚝油类样品采用1％硝酸90℃热浸提3 h,提取液以8 000 r/min离心10 min...     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定大米中无机砷形态

建立了液相色谱-原子荧光法测定大米中无机砷形态的检测方法,对流动相种类、流速、pH值、硼氢化钾浓度及盐酸浓度进行了优化。在8 min内可完成As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的分离。当砷酸根和亚砷酸根浓度为0~100ng/ml时,2种形态均可得到良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于等于0.999 5,实验室检出限分别为0.006mg/kg和0.009mg/kg,精密度RSD≤6.0%,加标回收率为85.0%~110.7%。该方法减少了样品的分析时间和试剂用量,具有简便、高效和可靠等特点,可用于大米中无机砷形态的检测。     

应用阴离子交换树脂法进行食品中砷形态的研究

目的建立溶剂提取-阴离子交换树脂分离-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定食品中无机砷、一甲基胂(MMA)和二甲基胂(DMA)的方法。方法以水-甲醇为提取剂,阴离子交换树脂分离,HG-AFS检测。结果方法检出限以砷计分别为:无机砷(As(Ⅲ) As(Ⅴ))0·34μg/L、MMA0·57μg/L、DMA0·46μg/L;20μg/L砷标准偏差为:无机砷2·45%、MMA3·34%、DMA4·96%。在0~50μg/L砷量范围校正曲线线性关系良好。试样加标回收率为:无机砷95·40%~97·00%,MMA97·80%~104·80%,DMA104·23%~107·50%。结论对海带、紫菜等海产品及大米等食品的检测,证明该方法简便易行。     

稻谷在加工过程中无机砷含量的分布情况

目的 测定糙米、大米及糠粉中无机砷的含量, 研究无机砷在稻米中的分布情况。方法 随机抽取20份稻谷样本, 经实验室垄谷和碾米后得到的糙米、大米及糠粉。使用液相色谱-原子荧光联用仪检测所得糙米、大米及糠粉中的无机砷含量。结果 样本中的砷主要以亚砷酸根[As(Ⅲ)]的形式存在。糙米中的亚砷酸根[As(Ⅲ)]含量为(0.122±0.45) mg/kg, 经过碾白后, 其含量显著降低(P<0.05), 为(0.068±0.02) mg/kg, 米糠样本中的亚砷酸根[As(Ⅲ)]含量显著高于其他2个样本(P<0.05), 达到(0.604±0.201) mg/kg。结论 稻米中的无机砷主要以亚砷酸盐[As(III)]形式存在, 糙米经过碾米加工后可以显著降低砷的含量。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法检测大米中的无机砷

目的:优化液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法检测大米中无机砷的实验条件。方法:选择7%的盐酸作载流液,光电倍增管高压290 V,载气流速400 mL/min,通过液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(LC-AFS)对大米中的无机砷进行测定。结果:在实验浓度范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数在0.999 5～0.999 7,检出限[As(Ⅲ)]为0.02 mg/kg和[As(Ⅴ)]为0.02 mg/kg,均有较好的线性及较高的灵敏度。满足大米中的无机砷分析的要求。     

Arsenic in rice: II. Arsenic speciation in USA grain and implications for human health

Rice is a potentially important route of human exposure to arsenic, especially in populations with rice-based diets. However, arsenic toxicity varies greatly with species. The initial purpose of the present study was to evaluate arsenic speciation in U.S. rice. Twenty-four samples containing high levels of arsenic and produced in different regions of the U.S were selected from a previous market-basket survey. Arsenite and dimethyl arsinic acid (DMA) were the major species detected. DMA increased linearly with increasing total As but arsenite remained fairly constant at approximately 0.1 mg kg(-1), showing that rice high in As was dominated by DMA. A similar result was obtained when our data was combined with other published speciation studies for U.S. rice. However, when all published speciation data for rice was analyzed a second population dominated by inorganic As and lower levels of DMA was found. We thus categorized rice into DMA and Inorganic As types. Rice from the U.S. was predominantly the DMA type, as were single samples from Australia and China, whereas rice from Asia and Europe was the Inorganic As type. We suggest that methylation of As occurs within rice and that genetic differences lead to the two rice types. Insufficient understanding of DMA toxicity precludes a firm assessment of the relative health risks associated with the two rice types but, based on current knowledge, we suggest that the DMA rice type is likely to be less of a health risk than the Inorganic As rice type and, on this basis, rice from the U.S. may be safer than rice from Asia and Europe.     

大米中的砷形态对小鼠各组织中砷代谢分布及其病理特征的影响

旨在探讨经口暴露的大米砷形态引起的砷毒性以及其生物转化。实验以四个砷含量剂量组(C、S:0.91 mg/kg、M:9.1 mg/kg和H:30 mg/kg)喂养模拟大米砷形态饲料30 d,通过ICP-MS和HPLC-ICP-MS测定小鼠肠、血、肝脏和肾脏中的砷含量及砷形态(iAsⅢ、iAsⅤ、MMA、DMA和AsB)分布;H&E染色后光学显微镜下观察小鼠肠组织、肝脏和肾脏的组织学变化。结果显示,在C、S、M和H中,血的总砷浓度分别为5.33、8.24、55.75和196.49μg/kg;肝的总砷浓度分别为14.34、32.70、237.10和708.74μg/kg;肠中五种砷形态浓度之和分别为27.97、163.12、892.78、3085.325μg/kg;肾中五种砷形态浓度之和分别10.38、25.79、245.85、1656.14μg/kg。肠中主要的砷形态为iAsⅢ和DMA,血液中有机砷与无机砷的比值随暴露剂量升高而增加,肝脏和肾脏中主要的砷形态为DMA。与对照组比较,各实验组小鼠肠组织、肝脏和肾脏出现的病理损伤程度随砷暴露剂量的增加而深化,在H组中最明显。本研究表明,短期的大米砷暴露对机体代谢组织无明显损伤,且砷在组织中的累积较少;而高剂量的大米砷暴露将对机体病理结构造成严重损伤;提示长期低剂量的大米砷暴露也可能对机体产生损害。     

稻米中总砷及无机砷含量的测定与分析

采用氢化物原子荧光光度法测定13份稻米样品中的总砷和无机砷含量,结果表明：所测稻米样品中均检出总砷与无机砷,总砷含量范围为0.06~0.20 mg/kg,无机砷含量范围为0.039~0.150 mg/kg,无机砷占总砷的含量为50.0%~93.1%,无机砷含量在国家限量卫生标准以内;未冲洗大米样品中总砷含量仅为糙米的72.7%~90.0%,无机砷含量为糙米的62.7%~87.7%;多次冲洗的大米样品中总砷含量仅为未冲洗大米的75.0%~91.7%,无机砷含量为83.0%~93.6%。提高加工精度和用水淘洗均能在一定程度上降低总砷与无机砷的含量,减轻人们食用后对身体的危害。     

冻干松茸粉中总砷及无机砷的含量测定

目的测定冻干松茸粉中总砷及无机砷的含量。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)、原子荧光光谱法(atomic fluorescence spectrometry,AFS)、液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,LC-ICP/MS)3种方法分别测定松茸中总砷及无机砷含量。结果ICP-MS、AFS测定冻干松茸粉中总砷含量分别为71.7、0.556 mg/kg,LC-ICP/MS测定冻干松茸粉中无机砷含量为0.0114 mg/kg。结论冻干松茸粉中砷主要以有机态存在,且不同检测方法以及前处理方式都会对实验结果产生影响。     

食物慢性砷暴露对小鼠脑组织中砷形态的影响

为探索食物慢性砷暴露对生物体脑组织的影响,本研究以水稻中的砷形态和比例为参考,设计了三个含砷剂量组:模拟组(S):0.91 mg/kg;低剂量组(L):9.10 mg/kg;高剂量组(H):30 mg/kg,对C57BL/6小鼠进行为期三个月的染毒研究,并测定小鼠血和脑组织中总砷和各种砷形态(i AsIII、i AsV、MMA、DMA和As B)的含量。结果显示,在C、S、L和H中,血的总砷含量分别为0.022、0.023、0.068和0.132 mg/kg;大脑的总砷含量分别为0、0.006、0.075和0.172 mg/kg;其中,五种砷形态均可在血液中检测到,在L、H组小鼠大脑中仅检测到DMA和未知形态的砷(u As)。因此,小鼠血液和大脑中的总砷含量随暴露剂量增大而升高,砷在体内的解毒过程也随暴露剂量增大而加速;血液中有机砷与无机砷之比可反映机体砷暴露水平;尽管食物中无机砷不能通过血脑屏障,但由于大脑中仍能检测到低毒的DMA和毒性未知的u As,因此,食物的砷毒特别是大米的砷毒性仍应引起关注。     

Speciation and localization of arsenic in white and brown rice grains

Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) was utilized to locate arsenic (As) in polished (white) and unpolished (brown) rice grains from the United States, China, and Bangladesh. In white rice As was generally dispersed throughout the grain, the bulk of which constitutes the endosperm. In brown rice As was found to be preferentially localized at the surface, in the region corresponding to the pericarp and aleurone layer. Copper, iron, manganese, and zinc localization followed that of arsenic in brown rice, while the location for cadmium and nickel was distinctly different, showing relatively even distribution throughout the endosperm. The localization of As in the outer grain of brown rice was confirmed by laser ablation ICP-MS. Arsenic speciation of all grains using spatially resolved X-ray absorption near edge structure (micro-XANES) and bulk extraction followed by anion exchange HPLC-ICP-MS revealed the presence of mainly inorganic As and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). However, the two techniques indicated different proportions of inorganic:organic As species. A wider survey of whole grain speciation of white (n=39) and brown (n=45) rice samples from numerous sources (field collected, supermarket survey, and pot trials) showed that brown rice had a higher proportion of inorganic arsenic present than white rice. Furthermore, the percentage of DMA present in the grain increased along with total grain arsenic.     

Comparison of a chemical and enzymatic extraction of arsenic from rice and an assessment of the arsenic absorption from contaminated water by cooked rice

Rice is a target food for arsenic speciation based analyses because of its relatively high arsenic concentration and per capita consumption rates. Improved speciation data for rice can be helpful in estimating inorganic arsenic exposures in the U.S. and in endemic populations. The inorganic arsenic exposure for cooked rice should include both the arsenic in raw rice plus the arsenic absorbed from the water used to prepare it. The amount of arsenic absorbed from water by rice during preparation was assessed using five different types of rice cooked in both contaminated drinking water and arsenic-free reagent water. The rice samples were extracted using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and speciated using IC-ICP-MS. The TFA procedure was able to extract 84-104% of the arsenic (As) from the five different cooked rice samples. Chromatographic recoveries ranged from 99% to 116%. The dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and inorganic arsenic concentration ranged from 22 to 270 ng of As/g of rice and from 31 to 108 ng of As/g of rice, respectively, for samples cooked in reagent water. The overall recoveries, which relate the sum of the chromatographic species back to the total digested concentration, ranged from 89% to 117%. The absorption of arsenic by rice from the total volume of water [1:1 to 4:1 (water:rice)] used in cooking was between 89% and 105% for two different contaminated drinking water samples. A comparison of the TFA extraction to an enzymatic extraction was made using the five rice samples and NIST 1568a rice flour. The two extraction procedures produced good agreement for inorganic arsenic, DMA, and the overall recovery. Through the use of IC-ESI-MS/ MS with a parent ion of m/z 153 and fragment ions of m/z 138, 123, and 105, the structure dimethylthioarsinic acid was tentatively identified in two of the rice samples using the enzymatic extraction.     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定大米粉中总砷含量的不确定度评定

目的 评定微波消解-原子荧光法测定大米粉中总砷含量的不确定度。方法 依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》及CNAS-GL 006-2019《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》, 采用微波消解-原子荧光法测定大米粉质控样品中总砷含量, 建立数学模型, 并对整个分析过程中产生的不确定度分量进行评定。结果 当大米粉质控样品中砷测定结果为0.156 mg/kg时, 其扩展不确定度为0.0067 mg/kg(k=2)。结论 量化后测定过程中各影响因素所产生的不确定度表明实验过程的不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合, 其次是加标回收率及测量重复性。     

基于HPLC-AFS技术研究南极磷虾油对大鼠脏器中砷形态分布的影响

目的:建立动物组织脏器中砷形态的分析方法,探讨摄食南极磷虾油尤其是砷甜菜碱对大鼠脏器中砷形态分布的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为大豆油对照组(7 d组、30 d组)、南极磷虾油组(7 d组、30 d组)、添加100 mg/kg砷甜菜碱的南极磷虾油组(7 d组、30 d组),每组5只,灌胃剂量2.625 g油/kg·bw,喂养7 d或30 d后,剥离肝脏、肾脏。采用建立的高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法,经Hamilton PRPx-100色谱柱分离,磷酸二氢铵缓冲液洗脱,对脏器中砷甜菜碱(AsB)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、亚砷酸盐(AsⅢ)和砷酸盐(AsⅤ)的含量进行测定。结果:大鼠脏器中五种砷形态的检出限为0.35~0.50 μg/L,定量限为1.0~2.0 μg/L,加标回收率为80.2%~113.0%,RSD为1.34%~3.97%,方法线性良好,R2>0.999。采用该方法测得,大鼠肝脏和肾脏中主要砷形态为AsB和DMA。与对照组相比,大鼠摄食磷虾油和砷甜菜碱磷虾油7或30 d后,脏器中总砷、AsB、AsⅢ、DMA、MMA和AsⅤ含量均无显著性变化。结论:摄食南极磷虾油后,大鼠肝脏和肾脏中不会出现砷蓄积现象。南极磷虾油及其砷甜菜碱不会对大鼠脏器中砷形态含量以及各砷形态之间的转化产生显著影响。本研究可为南极磷虾油食用安全性的科学认识及其应用领域拓展提供理论支撑。