A genetic algorithm-based artificial neural network model for the optimization of machining processes

Artificial intelligent tools like genetic algorithm, artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic are found to be extremely useful in modeling reliable processes in the field of computer integrated manufacturing (for example, selecting optimal parameters during process planning, design and implementing the adaptive control systems). When knowledge about the relationship among the various parameters of manufacturing are found to be lacking, ANNs are used as process models, because they can handle strong nonlinearities, a large number of parameters and missing information. When the dependencies between parameters become noninvertible, the input and output configurations used in ANN strongly influence the accuracy. However, running of a neural network is found to be time consuming. If genetic algorithm-based ANNs are used to construct models, it can provide more accurate results in less time. This article proposes a genetic algorithm-based ANN model for the turning process in manufacturing Industry. This model is found to be a time-saving model that satisfies all the accuracy requirements.     

A feature-based method for NC machining time estimation

Machining time estimation plays an important role in manufacturing process planning and scheduling. Existing NC machining time estimation methods are all based on material removal rates, NC programs, and machine characteristics. However, the machining condition which is related to the geometry-process information is also an important impact factor of the NC machining time estimation. As existing methods cannot satisfy the requirement of timeliness, accuracy and efficiency, this paper presents a feature-based method for NC machining time estimation. Experiment results show that the proposed approach is feasible and practical. It is particularly useful in real time manufacturing process planning and scheduling systems.     

Forecasting time series with a new architecture for polynomial artificial neural network

Polynomial artificial neural networks (PANN) have been shown to be powerful for forecasting nonlinear time series. The training time is small compared to the time used by other algorithms of artificial neural networks and the capacity to compute relations between the inputs and outputs represented by every term of the polynomial. In this paper a new structure of polynomial is presented that improves the performance of this type of network considering only non-integers exponents. The architecture adaptation uses genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimal architecture for every example. Some examples of sunspots and chaotic time series are presented.     

基于时空特征向量的长短期记忆人工神经网络的城市公交旅行时间预测

针对"随着预测距离的增加,旅行时间预测的难度加大"的问题,提出了一种基于时空特征向量的长短期记忆(LSTM)和人工神经网络(ANN)的综合预测模型.首先,将24 h切分为288个时间切片,以生成时间特征向量;然后,基于时间切片建立LSTM时间窗口模型,该模型可解决长期预测的窗口移动问题;其次,将公交线路切分为多个空间切...     

人工神经网络在ERP系统中的应用

在传统的ERP的基础上,增加专家系统模块,即基于人工神经网络技术的预测分析模块,提出了ERP和专家系统的集成管理方法,完成复杂的非线性预测,以使ERP系统智能化、自动化水平更高。该模块采用反向传输BP神经网络模型来实现,通过网络的自适应学习和训练,找出输入和输出之间的内在联系,以求解问题。利用该专家系统对汽车制造企业市场销售量进行预测,结果表明：该方法性能、实用性和通用性好。     

Forecasting model of global stock index by stochastic time effective neural network

In this paper, we investigate the statistical properties of the fluctuations of the Chinese Stock Index, and we study the statistical properties of HSI, DJI, IXIC and SP500 by comparison. According to the theory of artificial neural networks, a stochastic time effective function is introduced in the forecasting model of the indices in the present paper, which gives an improved neural network – the stochastic time effective neural network model. In this model, a promising data mining technique in machine learning has been proposed to uncover the predictive relationships of numerous financial and economic variables. We suppose that the investors decide their investment positions by analyzing the historical data on the stock market, and the historical data are given weights depending on their time, in detail, the nearer the time of the historical data is to the present, the stronger impact the data have on the predictive model, and we also introduce the Brownian motion in order to make the model have the effect of random movement while maintaining the original trend. In the last part of the paper, we test the forecasting performance of the model by using different volatility parameters and we show some results of the analysis for the fluctuations of the global stock indices using the model.     

Trade-off analysis between machining time and energy consumption in impeller NC machining

Electrical energy is directly linked to society's prosperity across the globe; much of this due to the diverse innovations on manufacturing processes. Keeping pace with the high energy demand growth will require constant efforts in terms of investment and research in order to bring new alternatives of usage. This paper outlines the application of multiple response optimization in order to analyze the trade-off between machining time and energy consumption in 5-axis impeller rough machining to find a possible balance between them. It is well known that a higher speed reduces machining time but increases energy consumption, and vice versa. A quantitative form of the relationship between the involved factors was obtained by utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) together with the desirability function method. Four independent factors were selected, namely, spindle speed, feed rate, depth and width of cut. The responses are the consumed energy and the machining time. The results showed that selecting an appropriate feed rate is crucial to balance the trade-offs between energy and time. Spindle speed is the major factor for energy consumption, while width of cut is the most influential factor for machining time.     

A Bayesian regularized artificial neural network for stock market forecasting

In this paper a Bayesian regularized artificial neural network is proposed as a novel method to forecast financial market behavior. Daily market prices and financial technical indicators are utilized as inputs to predict the one day future closing price of individual stocks. The prediction of stock price movement is generally considered to be a challenging and important task for financial time series analysis. The accurate prediction of stock price movements could play an important role in helping investors improve stock returns. The complexity in predicting these trends lies in the inherent noise and volatility in daily stock price movement. The Bayesian regularized network assigns a probabilistic nature to the network weights, allowing the network to automatically and optimally penalize excessively complex models. The proposed technique reduces the potential for overfitting and overtraining, improving the prediction quality and generalization of the network. Experiments were performed with Microsoft Corp. and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. stock to determine the effectiveness of the model. The results indicate that the proposed model performs as well as the more advanced models without the need for preprocessing of data, seasonality testing, or cycle analysis.     

An artificial neural network for nonlinear estimation of the turbine flow-meter coefficient

Turbine flow meters find various applications in the process industries, such as batch control, measuring fuel oil and gas consumption, controlling blending processes, etc. The turbine meter is a rotor driven by the fluid being metered, at a speed proportional to the flow rate.The actual behavior of a turbine flow meter is a complex function of many variables; among these are the temperature, pressure, and viscosity of the fluid; the lubricating qualities of the fluid; bearing wear; and environmental factors. The turbine meter coefficient is referred to as the ‘K factor’, and is defined as the number of pulses per unit volume. At present, there is no single mathematical equation to predict the actual K factor. More accurate estimations and trending of the K factor will not only facilitate preventive maintenance, replacement analysis, etc., but will also ensure that material flow accounting is accurate.This research explores the use of neural-network models to aid in the estimation of the actual K factor that reflects the effect of the actual operating conditions of the turbine meter. This research analyzed data from three different turbine flow meters measuring the rate of pumping oil from the North Sea, for a company that operates off-shore oil platforms. The use of neural networks presents a new approach to the capturing of the underlying nonlinear relationships among the various input variables and the K factor. The results from this study report significant percentage reductions in mean absolute errors for the neural-network predictions over the company’s present estimation practices for the turbine flow-meter coefficient.     

Social network analysis for optimal machining conditions in ultra-precision manufacturing

Ultra-precision machining (UPM) technology is extensively applied to manufacture top quality products with high precision level and complicated geometry. As complicated machining factors affect the surface quality of machined components in UPM, large numbers of experiments for understanding the influences from particular machining factors are needed, leading overestimate or underestimate of significance of machining factors at certain machining conditions and raising of experimental cost. For these reasons, a crucial approach is urged to adapt for providing a fast track to an optimal machining condition. In this study, social network analysis (SNA) is introduced firstly to develop UPM network, which the network shows the relationship between dominant machining factors in UPM. A complicated UPM network containing interdependencies between each machining factor is generated by SNA. The determinations of network metrics in the UPM network support the selection of optimal machining factors under various machining conditions. Furthermore, the constructed UPM network using SNA provides the complete framework of dependencies in UPM for well predicting the machining outcomes when particular machining factors are adjusted in practical situations. The study contributes to offering a detail guideline for constructing machining strategies or experimental plans to efficiently achieve desired machining outcomes.     

计算机网络安全综合评价的神经网络模型

灰色评价法、模糊综合评价等需确定隶属函数、各指标权重,明显受人为因素的影响。尝试应用神经网络技术进行网络安全的综合评价,并通过在单指标评价标准范围内随机取值方法,生成建立神经网络模型所需的训练样本、检验样本和测试样本,在遵循BP网络建模基本原则和步骤的情况下,建立了可靠、有效的网络安全综合评价模型。16个实例研究表明：提出的样本生成方法、建模过程是可靠的,并能有效地避免出现“过训练”和“过拟合”现象,建立的BP模型具有较好的泛化能力,不受人为因素的影响,各评价指标与网络安全等级之间存在明显的非线性关系,网络安全策略对网络安全的影响最大。     

Prediction intervals to account for uncertainties in neural network predictions: Methodology and application in bus travel time prediction

Neural networks have been employed in a multitude of transportation engineering applications because of their powerful capabilities to replicate patterns in field data. Predictions are always subject to uncertainty arising from two sources: model structure and training data. For each prediction point, the former can be quantified by a confidence interval, whereas total prediction uncertainty can be represented by constructing a prediction interval. While confidence intervals are well known in the transportation engineering context, very little attention has been paid to construction of prediction intervals for neural networks. The proposed methodology in this paper provides a foundation for constructing prediction intervals for neural networks and quantifying the extent that each source of uncertainty contributes to total prediction uncertainty. The application of the proposed methodology to predict bus travel time over four bus route sections in Melbourne, Australia, leads to quantitative decomposition of total prediction uncertainty into the component sources. Overall, the results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method to provide robust prediction intervals.     

Estimation of NC machining time using NC block distribution for sculptured surface machining

The estimation of NC machining time is of importance because it provides manufacturing engineers with information to accurately predict the productivity of an NC machine, as well as its production schedule. NC programs contain various machining information, such as tool positions, feed and speed rates, and other machine instructions. Nominal NC machining time can easily be obtained based on the NC program data. Actual machining time, however, cannot simply be found due to the dynamic characteristics of a NC machine controller, such as acceleration and deceleration effect. Hence, this study presents an NC machine time estimation model for machining sculptured surfaces, considering such dynamic characteristics of the machine. The proposed estimation model uses several factors, such as the distribution of NC blocks, angle between the blocks, federates, acceleration and deceleration constants, classifying tool feed rate patterns into four types based on the acceleration and deceleration profile, NC block length, and minimum feed rate. However, there exists an error for the actual machining time due to the lack of the measurement equipment or tools to gauge an exact minimum feed rate. Thus, this paper proposes a machining time estimation model using NC block distributions, lowering down the error caused by the inaccurate minimum feed rate. The proposed machining time estimator performs at around 10% of mean error.     

Classifying inventory using an artificial neural network approach

This paper presents artificial neural networks (ANNs) for ABC classification of stock keeping units (SKUs) in a pharmaceutical company. Two learning methods were utilized in the ANNs, namely back propagation (BP) and genetic algorithms (GA). The reliability of the models was tested by comparing their classification ability with two data sets (a hold-out sample and an external data set). Furthermore, the ANN models were compared with the multiple discriminate analysis (MDA) technique. The results showed that both ANN models had higher predictive accuracy than MDA. The results also indicate that there was no significant difference between the two learning methods used to develop the ANN.     

Gene expression time series modeling with principal component and neural network

In this work, gene expression time series models have been constructed by using principal component analysis (PCA) and neural network (NN). The main contribution of this paper is to develop a methodology for modeling numerical gene expression time series. The PCA-NN prediction models are compared with other popular continuous prediction methods. The proposed model can give us the extracted features from the gene expressions time series and the orders of the prediction accuracies. Therefore, the model can help practitioners to gain a better understanding of a cell cycle, and to find the dependency of genes, which is useful for drug discoveries. Based on the results of two public real datasets, the PCA-NN method outperforms the other continuous prediction methods. In the time series model, we adapt Akaike's information criteria (AIC) tests and cross-validation to select a suitable NN model to avoid the overparameterized problem.     

Automobile seat comfort prediction: statistical model vs. artificial neural network

The current automobile seat comfort development process, which is executed in a trial and error fashion, is expensive and outdated. The prevailing thought is that process improvements are contingent upon the implementation of empirical/prediction models. In this context, seat-interface pressure measures, anthropometric characteristics, demographic information, and perceptions of seat appearance were related to an overall comfort index (which was a single score derived from a previously published 10-item survey with demonstrated levels of reliability and validity) using two distinct modeling approaches-stepwise, linear regression and artificial neural network. The purpose of this paper was to compare and contrast the resulting models. While both models could be used to adequately predict subjective perceptions of comfort, the neural network was deemed superior because it produced higher r2 values (0.832 vs. 0.713) and lower average error values (1.192 vs. 1.779).     

pH中和系统辨识中的人工神经网络应用

pH中和作为化工、生物、发电和污水处理中的一个重要过程,具有极强的非线性和不确定性,很难对其进行精确建模,因此,pH值的控制一直是工业过程控制中的一个难题。本文借鉴了计算机领域中神经网络(NN)在非线性系统建模中的显著作用,结合对pH中和过程机理的分析,建立了基于BP神经网络的辨识模型,对典型的pH中和过程系统辨识进行了仿真研究,并进行了相关试验。试验结果表明:神经网络在pH中和过程辨识中具有较高的辨识精度,有着广阔的应用前景。     

多层神经网络在入侵检测中的应用

对多层ANN的结构和向后传播算法进行了设计,提出了移动窗口和事件子视图等概念,通过提取审计事件类型的方法,采样了ANN的训练数据和测试数据.具体实现了设计算法,并用该软件分别对UNIX和Windows XP两个操作系统的数据进行了实验.实验结果表明,多层ANN可以作为一个入侵检测的模型和技术应用于入侵检测之中.     

计算机网络安全评价中对于神经网络的应用探究

知识经济的到来促进了信息化的发展,计算机和网络技术也在发展和变化,影响网络安全的不确定因素也日趋变化,种类形式增加.网络安全是当前网络应用者不可轻视和低估的问题,为了解决和减少越来越突出的网络安全问题,探讨计算机网络评价对于神经网络的应用价值是具有重要意义的.神经网络的应用可大幅度的降低计算机网络安全风险,降低其带来的损失.神经网络在计算机安全评价中具有很大的实际效用和价值.     

Evaluation of artificial neural network modelling to predict torso muscle activity

Owing to the complexities involved in obtaining direct measures of in vivo muscle forces, validation of predictive models of muscle activity has been difficult. An artificial neural network (ANN) model had been previously developed for the estimation of lumbar muscle activity during moderate levels of static exertion. The predictive ability of this model is evaluated in this study using several techniques, including comparison of response surfaces and composite statistical tests of values derived from model output, with multiple EMG experimental datasets. ANN-predicted activation levels were accurately modelled to within 3% across a range of experiments and levels of combined flexion/extension and lateroflexion loadings. The results indicate both a high degree of consistency in the averaged muscle activity measured in several different experiments, and substantiate the ability of the ANN model to predict generalized recruitment patterns. It also is suggested that the use of multiple comparison methods provides a better indication of model behaviour and prediction accuracy than a single evaluation criterion.