A new control strategy for an AC/DC converter based on a piezoelectric transformer

Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are an attractive solution to reduce size and weight in ac/dc converters. In this paper, a PT-based topology is presented together with a control method. As an application, an 8-W ac/dc adapter (110 V/sub AC/ input, 12 V/sub DC/ output) is presented operating at frequencies around 500 kHz.     

程控升降压DC/DC变换器设计

蓄电池、超级电容等储能电池在供电过程中,其端电压会随着放电的进行逐渐下降,导致用电设备系统效率降低或超出设备供电电压允许范围。为避免储能电池直接供电存在的不足,利用NQ60升降压变换模块设计了一个程控升降压DC/DC变换器,该程控DC/DC变换器可实时检测输入和输出侧电压、电流参数,并通过CAN总线设置其输出电压及最大输出电流限值,将储能电池输出电压变换到设备允许的额定电压范围内,实现设备的稳定供电。通过对DC/DC变换器功率电路、控制单元的详细分析与设计,实现了该DC/DC变换器。实验测试结果表明,该DC/DC变换器输出值可程控设置,输出效率高。     

A new way for controlling a stand-alone DC/AC converter

The conventional feedback scheme used in a switched-mode power supply is not suited for use in a stand-alone DC/AC converter. A new feedback scheme is presented which uses the input voltage of the LC filter as a feedback signal, instead of the output voltage.     

A single-stage power-factor-corrected AC/DC converter

This paper presents a single-stage isolated converter topology designed to achieve a regulated DC output voltage having no low-frequency components and a high-input power factor. The topology is derived from the basic two-switch forward converter, but incorporates an additional transformer winding, inductor and a few diodes. The proposed circuit inherently forces the input current to be discontinuous and AC modulated to achieve high-input power factor. The converter output is operated in discontinuous mode to minimize the bulk capacitor voltage variations when the output load is varied. Analysis of the converter is presented, and performance characteristics are given. Design guidelines to select critical components of the circuit are presented. Experimental results on a 150 W 50 kHz universal input (90-265 V) 54.75 V output AC/DC converter are given which confirm the predicted performance of the proposed topology     

A new control strategy to achieve sinusoidal line current in acascade buck-boost converter

This work presents a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental results of a novel means of obtaining sinusoidal input current and unity power factor (UPF) via a cascade buck-boost power converter. Using the new configuration, sinusoidal line current in phase with the bus voltage is achieved, thanks to a new and simple to implement control strategy. Comparison between the input and output voltages is used to select the instantaneous operating mode of the converter. Offline references are calculated and stored in two EPROM circuits and then compared to measured currents to generate the gating signals of the appropriate switches. Complete theoretical analysis, simulation results and experimental data on a 500 W power converter are presented, to demonstrate the superiority of the new control strategy. Low order harmonics in the input current are eliminated and the input power factor is found to be over 0.99     

A new AC/AC multilevel converter family

A new ac/ac modular multilevel converter (M/sup 2/LC) family will be introduced. The new concept stands out due to its modularity and superior control characteristics. The stringent modularity results in a very cost-efficient and versatile converter construction. This new M/sup 2/LC concept is well suited to a wide range of multiphase ac/ac converters. The basic working principle together with the static and dynamic behavior are explained in detail on a single-phase ac/ac converter enabling four-quadrant operation. It is demonstrated that this converter concept fulfils the demanding requirements for future ac-fed traction vehicles very well.     

一种宽输入电压范围软开关电流型DC/DC转换器

针对太阳能光伏及燃料电池等领域电源需要较宽输入电压范围的需求,提出一种通用的具有较宽输入电压范围的软开关电流型DC/DC转换器。该转换器采用了固定频率混合调制设计,可以在所有工作条件下实现半导体器件的软开关工作,并采用电流馈电技术以便适用于低电压高电流的电源。相较于传统转换器,该转换器更为通用,能够实现零电压开关和零电流开关,并且能够在输入电压和负载变化出现较大变化时控制输出电压。实验结果显示,在20-60V输入电压范围内且负载出现变化时,该转换器均表现出良好的性能。     

A novel voltage sensorless control technique for a bidirectional AC/DC converter

A novel voltage sensorless control technique for a bidirectional AC/DC converter is presented. Only a single current sensor that measures the inductor current is needed in the whole system. The sensed inductor current is used for two functions. The first one is for shaping the current waveform at the AC side and the second one is for deriving the inductor voltage by determining the rate of change of the inductor current. The AC-side and DC-side voltages, which are used for AC current synchronization and DC voltage regulation, respectively, are obtained by extracting the envelopes of the derived inductor voltage. Apart from reducing the number of sensing elements, the proposed method has additional advantages of: (1) inherent electrical isolation and reducing noise coupling between the power circuit and the controller; (2) wide operating range. Design criteria for the differentiator and the envelope detector circuit has been described. The applicability of the proposed method is verified with the experimental results of a laboratory prototype.     

Quasi current resonant DC link AC/AC converter

A new quasi current resonant DC link (QCRDCL) topology has been developed in this paper. Although prototype current resonant DC link topologies for AC/AC power conversion have had such problems as irregular high current peaks, uncontrollable pulse width, etc., this new topology enables the AC/AC conversion system to have the properties wherein the current peak is limited and the pulse width is adjustable. The system begins to assume an adjustable-width flat-topped current shape, whereby the system becomes particularly suitable for high power application. With control of the pulse width a very fine load current regulation can be obtained. In this system, an open loop PWM control has been adopted and almost the same quality of output waveforms as the conventional current source inverter has been achieved     

Zero-voltage DC/DC converter with asymmetric pulse-width modulation for DC micro-grid system

This paper presents a zero-voltage switching DC/DC converter for DC micro-grid system applications. The proposed circuit includes three half-bridge circuit cells connected in primary-series and secondary-parallel in order to lessen the voltage rating of power switches and current rating of rectifier diodes. Thus, low voltage stress of power MOSFETs can be adopted for high-voltage input applications with high switching frequency operation. In order to achieve low switching losses and high circuit efficiency, asymmetric pulse-width modulation is used to turn on power switches at zero voltage. Flying capacitors are used between each circuit cell to automatically balance input split voltages. Therefore, the voltage stress of each power switch is limited at V_in/3. Finally, a prototype is constructed and experiments are provided to demonstrate the circuit performance.     

Self-oscillating resonant AC/DC converter topology for inputpower-factor correction

This paper presents the analysis and design of a single-phase single-stage high-power-factor AC/DC converter employing a series-parallel resonant topology operating in self-sustained oscillating mode. A control approach is proposed to achieve low total harmonic distortion of the input current. This approach does not require sensing of the input current. In addition, the inverter output current is limited during transients, and the converter operates with zero voltage switching for all operating conditions including open and short circuit. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified experimentally on a 500 W prototype     

A high-efficiency single-stage single-switch high-power-factorAC/DC converter with universal input

A single-stage single-switch power-factor-correction (PFC) AC/DC converter with universal input is presented in this paper. The PFC can be achieved based upon the charge-pump concept, and the PFC stage operates in the continuous current mode (CCM). The switch has less current and voltage stresses over a wide range of load variation so that a low-voltage rating device can be used. The presented converter features high power factor, high efficiency, and low cost. An 80-W prototype was implemented to show that it has 85% efficiency with low-voltage stress from 0.5% to 100% load variation over universal line input     

A low-cost CMOS dual-mode AC/DC data converter for signal measuring technique

A low-cost CMOS dual-mode AC/DC data converter for signal measuring technique is newly proposed. Instead of traditional full wave rectification, the realized synchronous rectification circuit is more attractive due to the easier integration and lower cost. In this paper, the design strategies of implementing the signal processing of AC and DC modes in the integrated circuit are discussed completely. Proven through SIMULINK in system level and SPICE simulations in circuit level, simulation results show that the proposed dual-mode AC/DC data converter achieves 8-bit resolution in DC mode and 7-bit resolution in AC mode. Measurement results have successfully verified the correct functions and performance of the proposed data converter and confirmed it for AC/DC signal measuring technique. The area of this chip is 710 × 630 μm² and the measured power consumption is 5.1 mW. The proposed dual-mode AC/DC data converter is suitable for the system of analog and mixed-signal boundary scan.     

A single-switch AC/DC converter with voltage regulated storage capacitor

A single-stage power-factor-corrected AC/DC converter (SSPFC) usually causes high voltage stress on the intermediate storage capacitor, due to the lack of control of this voltage. The storage capacitor voltage varies largely with line voltage, and load current and is usually higher than the peak line voltage. This paper presents a new single-switch SSPFC based on a flyback topology for which the storage capacitor voltage is loosely regulated by the output voltage. Without using extra power switches to increase the control dimension, the proposed converter uses a flyback converter with dual-output transformer to achieve the control purpose. The range of storage capacitor voltage change against the change of input voltage and load current is significantly reduced. Moreover, the maximum storage capacitor voltage can stay below the peak line voltage at high line condition. Experimental results verifying the operation of the proposed SSPFC are also reported.     

DC voltage control strategy for a five-level converter

This paper describes a control method for a three-phase five-level diode-clamp pulse width modulation (PWM) converter considering DC-link capacitor voltage balancing problem. The proposed control circuit uses multiband hysteresis comparators (MHCs) to simplify the control of the main circuit. The DC-link capacitor voltage balancing problem is solved by changing the shape of the MHC. The proposed method can (1) overcome voltage imbalance at the DC-link capacitors; (2) achieve a unity power factor; (3) generate nearly sinusoidal input currents; and (4) regenerate electric power back to the power system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method     

A novel forward AC/DC converter with input current shaping and fast output voltage regulation via reset winding

This work presents a novel simple forward AC/DC converter with harmonic current correction and fast output voltage regulation. In the proposed AC/DC converter, a transformer incorporating reset winding provides two main advantages. First, the bulk inductor used in the conventional boost-based power-factor-correction cell is omitted in the proposed converter, allowing significant volume and weight of magnetic material to be saved. Second, the voltage across the bulk capacitor can be held under 450 V by adjusting the transformer winding ratio, despite the converter operating in a wide range of input voltages (90/spl sim/265 V/AC). This new converter complies with IEC 61000-3-2 under a load range of 200 W and has fast output voltage regulation.     

A high-efficiency soft-switched AC/DC converter with current-doubler synchronous rectification

An improved ac/dc converter based on asymmetrical half-bridge topology is proposed in this paper. To substantially enhance the efficiency for low-voltage/high-current output applications, a current-doubler synchronous rectifier is combined with a modified asymmetrical half-bridge converter that retains the inherent zero-voltage-switching property. The power losses in the secondary rectification stage and the primary switches can be significantly reduced. The proposed architecture exhibits extreme simplicity and lower cost while providing unity power factor, well-regulated output, and high power density. The detailed operating principles and design procedures for the proposed converter are described in this paper. Simulation and experimental results for a laboratory prototype are discussed to verify the feasibility.     

Performance of MCT's in a current-regulated AC/DC PDM converter

An AC/DC current-regulated pulse density modulated (PDM) power converter is presented. The MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) is used in this power converter because of its promising advantages over existing power devices. A unique bidirectional switch configuration is used, which allows the MCT to switch easily at zero voltage. The converter performance is evaluated driving a 5 hp induction motor. MCT switching was performed satisfactorily, but the device fails before its ratings are reached. The MCT will be better than other devices when used in applications that require critical timing and high voltage blocking capability     

High-speed output short-circuit protection method for multilevelPWM AC/DC converter

A new method that protects against a load short-circuit in a multilevel PWM AC/DC converter is described. The output DC voltage of the proposed scheme can he quickly disconnected from the short-circuit load. In addition, the DC voltage is applied to the load immediately after the fault has been cleared without causing any voltage overshoot. The proposed scheme has the advantages of a simple structure, low cost and low volume. Experimental results are presented to verify the usefulness of the proposed scheme     

单片高压AC／DC转换器TOPSwitch—GX系列

输出功率范围从5W至250W,高度设计灵活性,待机功耗低,最大限度降低了系统成本