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1.
We study the influence of boron-controlled media (12 g/liter H3BO3) with pH = 3 and 8 at temperatures of 293 and 353°K on the fatigue and cyclic crack resistance of 08Kh18N10T and 12Kh18N10T austenitic steels and 14Kh17N2 martensitic–ferritic steel. It is shown that 14Kh17N2 steel is characterized by the optimal combination of the long fatigue life with high cyclic crack resistance in inert and corrosive media at temperatures of 293 and 353°K, which gives it serious advantages over 08Kh18N10T and 12Kh18N10T austenitic steels. 相似文献
2.
I. D. Abushenkov A. I. Alekseev V. Ya. Il'ichev N. I. Mokryi A. I. Telegon V. K. Chernetskii 《Strength of Materials》1988,20(5):698-702
1. | Equipment was developed and the test procedure proposed for fracture toughness testing compact specimens of structural materials in off-center loading at low temperatures down to 4.2°K. |
2. | The strain gauges and dynamometer operating-directly in the cryogenic liquids were produced and calibrated at various temperatures. These devices can be used to record the (P–V) and (P–f) diagrams during testing. |
3. | Preliminary tests were carried out on the specimens of 03Kh18N16G4A and 03Kh18N6G4 steels at 300, 77, and 4.2°K. The cracking resistance of the tested specimens at 4.2°K was evaluated on the basis of the values of KIc whereas the parameters KQ and K C * were used for evaluation at 77 and 300°K. |
4. | The results show that 03Kh18N16G4A steel at 4.2°K has the optimum high values of both the yield stress (1600 MPa) and fracture toughness (104 MPa·m1/2). Having relatively high values of 0, 2 (1400 MPa), 03Kh18N6G4 steel has at 4.2°K unacceptably low freacture toughness parameters indicating that the steel fails by brittle fracture in these conditions. |
3.
The structural parameters governing the embrittlement and plasticizing of stainless (Kh12N10MT, Kh11N10M2T, and Kh13N9D2MT)
and high-strength (N18M3T and N18K9M5T) maraging steels are analyzed; they are varied by thermal-kinetic conditions, the sequence
and multiplicity of various heat-treatment processes such as austenitization, age hardening, and α↔γ-phase transformation
in the subcritical temperature range. We justified both the individual and joint influence of austenite grain size and volume
fraction of particles of intermediate phases on the regularities of variation and correlation of characteristics of strength,
plasticity, and fracture toughness during thermal hardening. We revealed the role of the austenite which is formed during
the α→γ-phase transformation in the increased deformability and fracture toughness of the steels under study, taking into
account the character of their alloying. Based on the revealed shift in the temperature range of the α→γ-phase re-transformation
toward the temperature range of age hardening, we determined the structural conditions for implementing its plastizicing effect
on the high-strength state of the maraging steel.
Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti,
No. 2, pp. 51–61, March–April, 2000. 相似文献
4.
1. | Under irradiation conditions at 700°C the long-term strength of Kh18N10T steel and KhN77TYuR alloy is approximately the same if the time to fracture does not exceed 500 h. For a time base of more than 500 h the strength of KhN77TYuR alloy is lower than that of Kh18N10T steel, this difference incresing with an increase in the test base. From the point of view of the characteristics being considered, preference should evidently be given to canning of Kh18N10T steel. |
2. | With a decrease in grain size from 35–50 to 10–25 in KhN77TYuR alloy its long-term ductility under irradiatioin increases, while the long-term strength does not vary. |
5.
Test results are given on 12Kh18N10T and 03Kh20N16AG6 steels and on AMg6 alloy designed to give the dynamic strength and cracking resistance at strain rates of 0.36 m/sec in the temperature range 77–293 K. Cooling raises the strength, plasticity, cracking resistance, and resistance to crack growth in AMg6 alloy. Cooling the two steels increases the strength and cracking resistance, but reduces the plasticity and crack propagation resistance. Compact specimens with small natural thicknesses can be used to determine the correct critical values for the cracking resistance JIc for 03Kh20N16AG6 steel and AMg6 alloy. It is possible to determine correctly the critical values for the cracking resistance for 12Kh18N10T steel at 77 K.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 9, pp. 48–53, September, 1992. 相似文献
6.
V. I. Tkachov V. I. Vytvyts’kyi M. P. Berezhnyts’ka L. M. Ivas’kevych 《Materials Science》2008,44(4):561-565
We have studied the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of foils made of 08Kh18N12T steel under uniaxial tension.
The initial stages of deformation in hydrogen require forces smaller by a factor of 3–5. In the case of biaxial tension of
membranes made of this steel, their deformation ability also increases. The effect of hydrogen on the axial residual stresses
of the first kind in 08Kh18N12T, 40Kh, and ShKh15 steels manifests itself in the activation of tensile deformation (inducing
of compressive stresses). We have recorded a 30% increase in the fatigue limit of an austenitic alloy in hydrogen with a pressure
of 30 MPa (the reference medium is air).
__________
Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 84–88, July–August, 2008. 相似文献
7.
H. V. Snizhnoi 《Materials Science》2011,47(3):363-369
We investigate the formation of the first portions of strain-induced martensite in plastic uniaxial compression of 12Kh18N10T
and 12Kh18N9T steels in which δ-ferrite is absent and present, respectively, in the initial state. The true deformation martensitic
points ε
s
are experimentally determined. It is established that, in 12Kh18N10T steel, there exist one-phase (A) and two-phase (A + M)
states for ε < ε
s
and ε > ε
s
, respectively, whereas, in 12Kh18N9T steel, there exist two-phase (A + F) and three-phase (A + F + M) states for ε < ε
s
and ε > ε
s
, respectively. The effect of increase in the magnetization of paramagnetic austenite before the formation of strain-induced
martensite is detected. 相似文献
8.
We performed studies of welded-pressed (by explosion) joints of pipes made of 08Kh18N10T and 08Kh14MF steels with nozzles made of 10GN2MFA steel in order to simulate the operation of PGV-1000 steam generators. We established that the fatigue limit based on 1·105 cycles is greater for the joints of pipes made of 08Kh14MF steel in tests in air. On the autoclave tests in reactor boron-treated water in the primary contour of a nuclear power plant at a temperature of 350°C, the endurance of the joints of pipes made of 08Kh14MF steel was 39% less that that for the joints made of 08Kh18N10T steel. All specimens failed at the lower ends of joints that were in the water phase of the working medium rather than in the steam one, which corresponds to the service conditions of the output cold collector of a steam generator. We concluded that cracks are initiated due to fretting corrosion and grow by the mechanism of corrosion-cyclic cracking of the steels of pipes. 相似文献
9.
The processes of diffusion saturation of the surfaces of 08Kh13G14N4 steel pipes with chromium from Li-Cr and Li-Cr2O3 melts were studied. It was established that, at high temperatures, the corrosion resistance of 08Kh13G14N4 steel with a chromium coating in liquid lithium depends mainly on the surface chromium concentration.Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, L'viv. Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 41–45, September–October, 1993. 相似文献
10.
V. V. Roshchupkin M. M. Lyakhovitskii N. A. Minina M. A. Pokrasin I. A. Afanas’ev N. L. Sobol’ A. I. Chernov 《High Temperature》2004,42(6):883-887
This paper is devoted to development of acoustic methods for the investigation of the dynamics of structural changes in iron-based alloys, which are associated with phase transitions, processes of recrystallization and relaxation, and physical stimulation of various types. Samples of Armco iron are used to obtain the temperature dependences of the velocity and attenuation of ultrasound in the range from 20 to 1040 °C. The acoustic properties of 08Kh14AN4MDB high-strength corrosion-resistant martensitic steel are measured in the same temperature range. The obtained data on the propagation velocity of sound are used to calculate the values of the elastic modulus of Armco iron and 08Kh14AN4MDB steel in the range from 20 to 950 °C.Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 42, No. 6, 2004, pp. 873–877.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by V. V. Roshchupkin, M. M. Lyakhovitskii, N. A. Minina, M. A. Pokrasin, I. A. Afanasev, N. L. Sobol, and A. I. Chernov. 相似文献
11.
A. N. Kuzyukov V. A. Borisenko V. A. Levchenko Yu. Ya. Nikhaenko 《Materials Science》1999,35(1):92-99
For technological facilities used in chemical and petrochemical industries, we present certain examples of the process of
corrosion cracking of copper-lined apparatus and the equipment, manufactured from carbon and stainless steels of the 08Kh18N10T
and 10Kh17N13M2T types and bimetals (20 steel+12Kh18N10T steel, 20 steel+10Kh17N13M2T steel). The peculiarities of their behavior
under corrosion cracking are studied, and the danger of this phenomenon is discussed.
Severodonetsk Research Institute of Chemical Machine-Building (NII Khimmash), Severodonetsk. Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna
Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 83–94, January–February, 1999. 相似文献
12.
A. V. Prokopenko V. N. Torgov Yu. K. Petrenya M. M. Ivakhov 《Strength of Materials》1989,21(7):900-904
1. | The relief of the fatigue fracture can be connected with crack growth rate, and the effect of the corrosive action of the medium on the latter can be established. |
2. | Cathodic protection with magnesium neutralizes anodic dissolution of the material at the crack tip in the case of a low crack growth rate. The form of the fracture surface in this case is the same as in air. |
3. | The fractures of steel 14Kh17N2 are more ductile than those of steel 20Kh13, which can be attributed to the difference in their structures (ferrite-martensite and bainite, respectively). This explains the fact that the CGR is somewhat lower in steel 14Kh17N2 than in steel 20Kh13. |
13.
I. P. Gnyp 《Materials Science》1995,30(1):31-37
We investigate the influence of reactor water (of the boron control system) on the fatigue crack growth rates in 15Kh2NMFA and 08Kh18N10T steels at 300°C. Corrosion-fatigue cracking is found to be typical of 15Kh2NMFA steel. The kinetics of the potentials of newly formed steel surfaces in high-temperature reactor water is studied. A phenomenological model that describes the influence of high-temperature aqueous media on the fatigue crack growth rates in steels is developed on the basis of data of corrosion-mechanical and electrochemical investigations. The results obtained by this model are in good agreement with experimental data.Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Science, L'viv. Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 34–42, January–February, 1994. 相似文献
14.
Within the framework of linear fracture mechanics, we estimate the resistance of chromium-nickel 06Kh17N13M3, 07Kh16N6, and
10Kh26N5M steels to hydrogen embrittlement after various thermal treatments. We established that electrolytic hydrogenation
leads to a considerable increase in the growth rate of fatigue cracks in steels with maximum in a low-amplitude range (by
approximately a factor of 5–25 as compared with tests in air). The optimal mode of thermal treatment of 10Kh26N5M steel corresponds
to quenching at 1293 K and annealing at 623 K. This mode ensures high plastic characteristics and maximum resistance to fatigue
fracture in air in the course of electrolytic saturation with hydrogen, and long-term holding in a chloride-containing environment.
We recommend this steel for the manufacture of critical parts of oil separators of marine ships.
Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, L'viv. Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv,
Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 63–67, July–August, 1999. 相似文献
15.
F. Habiby T. N. Siddiqui H. Hussain A. Ul Haq A. Q. Khan 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(2):305-309
Changes in the lattice parameter of martensite phase in a maraging steel is measured as a function of ageing temperatures. A decrease in the lattice parameter is observed when aged between 400–650°C which is attributed to the depletion of alloying elements in the martensite matrix as a consequence of precipitation and austenite formation. An increase in the lattice from 650 to 710°C was characteristic of enrichment of alloying elements in the martensite matrix due to dissolution of austenite phase. A minimum value of the lattice parameter of martensite is observed at 650 °C which coincides with the maximum vol % of retained austenite. Electrical resistivity, hardness measurements, andin situ high temperature dilatometry was also carried out to delineate various precipitation reactions that occur in this steel.[/p] 相似文献
16.
Results are presented for an experimental study of the effect of cooling to 77 K on resistance to crack development of chromium-nickel steels 12Kh18N10T and 03Kh20N16AG6 with impact loading. The crack resistance characteristics with a rate of crack growth of 1.5 m/sec were determined from the deformation diagram recorded during testing. Features are noted for crack advance with cooling under conditions of a dynamically applied load.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 26–29, July, 1992. 相似文献
17.
V. V. Shyrokov Kh. B. Vasyliv Z. A. Duryahina H. V. Laz’ko N. B. Rats’ka 《Materials Science》2009,45(4):473-480
We have studied the effect of laser alloying of 20Kh13 and 12Kh18N10T steels with niobium on their physicochemical properties.
Microalloyed surface layers of thickness more than 350 μm, enriched with niobium, carbon, and oxygen in the solid solution
and separate oxycarbide inclusions, were formed by means of laser treatment. The microhardness of the external layers of steels
becomes 2–3 times higher (up to 7.1–7.7 GPa). Laser alloying reduces the wear of 20Kh13 steel by a factor of 5–6 under a contact
pressure of 0.29 MPa and cuts it in half under 0.42 MPa. The wear of 12Kh18N10T steel is reduced by a factor of 2–3. We have
also proposed a scheme of the wear of steels, according to which their wear resistance increases owing to the formation of
hardened surface layers, where the oxycarbide inclusions exert a reinforcing action on the more plastic solid solution of
niobium, carbon, and oxygen in iron. 相似文献
18.
M. S. Goikhman A. M. Datsishin I. G. Shtykalo V. F. Shatinskii M. I. Chaevskii 《Materials Science》1972,4(6):491-494
This article describes corrosion and mechanical tests on 1Kh18N9T[lCrl8Ni9Ti] steel specimens previously held in molten lithium (of various degrees of purity) at 700, 800, and 900° C both under isothermal conditions and in the presence of concentration- and heat-induced mass transfer. The results of gravimetric, spectrographic, and metallographic analyses showed that the corrosive action of lithium on the steel studied takes the form of dissolution of steel constituents and intergranular penetration of the steel by molten lithium. The role of nitrogen and oxygen in the corrosion process was estimated and it was established that even weak currents of liquid lithium intensify its corrosive action on 1Kh18N9T steel. 相似文献
19.
The results are presented of experimental examination of short-term strength and cracking resistance of the parent metal and welded joints in 07Kh13N4AG20 steel in the temperature range 293–4.2 K. The mechanical characteristics of the welded joint in the examined steel are compared with the characteristics of 12Kh18N10T and 03Kh20N16AG6 steels. The results show that the mechanical properties and crack propagation resistance of the weld metal in 07Kh13N4AG20 steel are similar to those of the parent metal.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 9, pp. 45–48, September, 1990. 相似文献
20.
We present the results of the experimental investigation of the characteristics of strength and crack resistance of chromium-nickel-manganese
03Kh19AG3N10 steel in the temperature range 293–4.2 K under static (in the initial state and under the action of pulses of
electric current) and dynamic loads. We consider some distinctive features of the process of the discontinuous yield of steel
at a temperature of 4.2 K and its influence on the kinetics of fracture processes. The comparative analysis of temperature
dependences of the characteristics of strength, plasticity, and crack resistance of 03Kh20N16AG6, 03Kh20N16AG6Sh, and 07Kh13N4AG20
steels extensively used in cryogenic engineering and 03Kh19AG3N10 steel demonstrates that 03Kh19AG3N10 steel can be used in
the temperature range 293–4.2 K.
Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 90–95, May–June, 1997. 相似文献