REACH法规中轮胎相关多环芳烃含量测试的分析

对欧盟REACH法规中与轮胎相关的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量测试的合格评定方法(标准)——IP 346和ISO 21461进行分析。IP 346和ISO 21461分别用折光指数法测试填充油(包括操作油)多环芳族化合物(PCA)萃取物含量和用核磁共振法测试成品轮胎(包括翻新轮胎)胶料中油的湾区氢含量,均是间接性测试样品PAHs含量的方法,所得结果是对样品宏观芳香性的评价,与PAHs绝对含量、苯并[a]芘(BaP)绝对含量和8种特定PAHs绝对含量无科学关联性,IP346用于填充油和ISO 21461用于成品轮胎胶料PAHs含量合格评定缺乏合理性。采用ISO 21461对成品轮胎测试的机构少,测试成本高昂。     

定量核磁共振技术的测试流程

随着核磁共振技术的发展,定量核磁共振技术(Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,QNMR)广泛应用于制药、食品、生命科学、化工等领域,已成为一种重要的分析方法。结合日常工作,文章综述了QNMR的原理、内标峰和内标物的选择、实验参数设置以及实施方法,为迅速、顺利地开展QNMR实验提供参考。     

海外消息

ETRMA呼吁加强多环芳烃限量的执行力度欧洲轮胎和橡胶制造商协会(ETRMA)对REACH法规关于轮胎中多环芳烃(PAHs)限量规定的执行力度表示担心。ETRMA此前发布了对欧盟范围内轮胎的第2轮检测报告,结果显示目前轮胎中PAHs含量并未得到改善。第1轮调查结果是在2011年初发布的。2次调查中均     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定均匀剂中多环芳烃含量

介绍欧盟REACH法规和2005/69/EC指令、德国GS认证标准等对多环芳烃(PAHs)限制的法规及发展,建立了用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定均匀剂中18种PAHs含量的方法,并对国内外不同厂家均匀剂中PAHs含量进行了检测。试验结果表明:GC-MS法测试均匀剂中PAHs含量准确、有效;不同厂家均匀剂中18种PAHs含量差异较大,测定均匀剂中18种PAHs含量对于控制轮胎及非轮胎橡胶制品中PAHs含量具有重要意义。     

锦湖推出新款环保轮胎

英国<轮胎与配件>2008年7期84页报道: 锦湖轮胎公司推出新款环保轮胎--Solus KH 19轮胎.这款旗舰环保产品以包括KADAS(轮胎结构模拟技术)、ESCOT(轮胎轮廓优化技术)和TTIA(轮胎-地面相互作用分析)在内的锦湖专利技术为基础,滚动阻力降低35%,二氧化碳排放量减小6%.Solus KH 19轮胎由环保材料构成,包括低PAHs(多环芳烃)油和非石油填料,其胎面采用仿生花纹(见图1).     

欧洲轮胎业界呼吁收紧对多环芳香烃的限制

<正>2011年3月11日消息,欧洲轮胎及橡胶制造商协会(ETRMA)近日呼吁欧盟和成员国监管机构加强并扩大对欧盟市场上销售轮胎的多环芳香烃(PAHs)检测力度,并检查其是否符合REACH法规的要求。此前,ETRMA对进口至欧盟市场销售的共计110个     

REACH法规更新多环芳香烃限量要求

<正>3月3日,欧盟委员会发布了法规(EU)No 2015/326,修订RAECH法规(EC)No1907/2006附录XVII中有关多环芳香烃(PAHs)的要求。该法规将于2015年3月23日生效。该法规替换了测试用于生产轮胎或轮胎组件的填充油中的PAHs含量的方法,并规定了18个月的过渡期。在过渡期间,新、旧测试方法都可用来测试相关的限值。     

ETRMA呼吁加强多环芳烃限量的执行力度

欧洲轮胎和橡胶制造商协会（ETRMA）对REACH法规关于轮胎中多环芳烃（PAHs）限量规定的执行力度表示担心。ETRMA此前发布了对欧盟范围内轮胎的第2轮检测报告,结果显示目前轮胎中PAHs含量并未得到改善。第1轮调查结果是在2011年初发布的。     

废轮胎热裂解技术研究现状与进展

结合目前废旧轮胎资源化处理现状及研究成果,本文对热解机理、热解技术进行分析、对比,着重介绍了热解温度、升温速率、物料粒径、催化剂等工艺参数对热解产物产率的影响,分析表明Coast-Redfern积分法所得动力学模型较准确,平均反应活化能为129.5kJ/mol;现有的研究表明,热解温度对产物产率影响最大,气相产物与液相产物产率随温度升高而增加,其中液相产物产率相对较高的热解温度在500～550℃范围内,固相产物品质较高的热解温度在500～650℃范围内。其次对其固、液、气三相产物特性及应用和污染物(S、PAHs)的分布与控制方法做了归纳总结,为废旧轮胎热解技术向工业化发展提供技术依据。     

海洋中多环芳烃生物降解与修复研究进展

在人为活动和自然活动的影响下,海洋中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染急剧加重,引起了广泛的关注。在简要介绍PAHs的特点、来源、分布以及海洋中PAHs污染的基础上,论述了海洋中PAHs微生物降解的最新研究进展,阐述了PAHs生物降解的途径和机制,归纳了微生物修复技术在海洋PAHs污染治理方面的应用以及红树林在去除PAHs中所发挥的作用,最后对海洋中PAHs的生物降解与修复技术发展前景进行了展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。