石墨烯微胶囊/海藻酸钙对涤纶织物的阻燃处理

为提高涤纶织物的阻燃性能,并解决涤纶织物的熔滴现象,本文采用石墨烯微胶囊与海藻酸钠共混制备出阻燃涂覆液,采用浸轧法制备阻燃涂覆涤纶织物。考察涂覆涤纶织物的阻燃性能,力学性能以及热学性能,结果表明：25g/L的海藻酸钠和1g的石墨烯微胶囊阻燃涂覆处理后的涤纶织物的极限氧指数由19.7%,上升到28.34%,达到难燃织物的标准。整理后的涤纶织物达到了V-0标准,涤纶织物燃烧后产生的熔滴的现象消失。织物的断裂强力由135.21N降低到了106.77N。涂覆处理前后,织物达到最大热分解速率的温度未产生明显变化,残炭率由12.07%上升到了26.98%,最大质量损失速率由1.79%/℃降低到了0.96%/℃。同时整理前后涤纶织物的热焓值由58.4J/g上升至68.4J/g。织物的导热系数由0.587 W/cm.℃×10_-4^提高到0.842W/cm.℃×10_-4^{,热学性能得到了充分的提高。}织物燃烧后所形成的残炭由无到连续且致密。     

聚氨酯树脂涂层剂在玻璃纤维织物上的应用

介绍了聚氨酯涂层材料的性能特征。重点介绍了水性聚氨酯在玻纤涂层织物上的研究与开发,分析了水性PU树脂亲水基团、预聚体结构对聚氨酯乳液的性能、涂层质量的影响。笔者研发了适用于玻纤织物的水性阻燃聚氨酯涂层,实践证明具有良好的阻燃效果。同时介绍了无溶剂型聚氨酯涂层剂的特点和应用领域。     

双层涤纶汽车座套面料的阻燃性能研究

选用不同比例的阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶长丝,设计织造了8种双层小提花织物,同时对织物进行了阻燃性能测试。结果表明:1#织物为最优织物,其采用接结双层组织,表里层为质量比1∶1的阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶,织物中使用的阻燃涤纶比例高,阻燃涤纶覆盖率系数大,织物的烫穿时间长,阻燃效果好。与纯阻燃涤纶织物相比,1#织物不仅达到了相同的阻燃效果,还减少了阻燃涤纶的使用量,节约了成本。设计织造的8种织物的阻燃性能均达到汽车用纺织品的阻燃要求,可以供企业在大生产中应用。     

硅-磷阻燃剂对涤纶织物的阻燃研究

采用极限氧指数法（LOI）、垂直燃烧法等手段研究甲基三甲氧基硅烷包覆聚磷酸铵的协同阻燃剂,与水性聚氨酯组成阻燃涂层剂,对涤纶织物的阻燃效果。结果表明：甲基三甲氧基硅烷和聚磷酸铵配比为2：1,阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯配比为1：2,阻燃剂质量浓度为160g／L,烘焙温度为180℃,烘焙时间为120s,阻燃涤纶织物的极限氧指数为44．3％,损毁长度为29mm,阴燃时间和续燃时间均为0,达到GB20286-2006标准中的阻燃1级。     

阻燃涤纶汽车座套面料的研究和开发

采用阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶作为原料,研究了阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶交织混合时,混用的比例对织物阻燃性能的影响;并根据汽车座套面料的要求设计了不同层数的织物,研究其对使用性能和舒适性能的影响。从织物的阻燃性和使用性能综合分析,得出普通涤纶与阻燃涤纶比例为1∶2的双层织物为最佳方案。     

碳化硅涂层防刺织物的制备及防刺性能的研究

为了提高芳纶无纬布的防刺性能,采用碳化硅表面涂覆的方式制备防刺涂层织物。选择碳化硅粉体粒径、质量比和搅拌温度设计三因素四水平的正交试验,确定了最佳的碳化硅分散液的制备工艺——碳化硅粉体粒径为30μm、m_sic∶m_水∶m_乙二醇为2∶1∶1、搅拌温度为35℃。对涂层织物进行准静态和动态穿刺试验,探究碳化硅粉体粒径、涂层厚度和涂层结构对涂层织物防刺性能的影响,结果表明：防刺性能随着碳化硅粉体粒径和涂层厚度的增加呈现先增大后减小趋势;当碳化硅粒径为30μm、涂层厚度为75μm时,织物单位克重刺破强力达到最大值503 N/g,相较于未涂覆涂层织物提高了302%;面密度都为8.1 kg/m2的18层碳化硅涂层织物结构和16层芳纶无纬布+9层碳化硅涂层织物结构均可实现有效防刺,较未涂覆结构面密度降低了10%。     

用热分析方法测定涤纶阻燃剂BY的阻燃性能

用热分析方法研究国产阻燃剂BY在纯涤纶装饰织物上的阻燃性能。实验表明:纯涤纶经编针织物经阻燃整理或涂层后,其熔融温度比未阻燃的要提前,而且吸热熔程也变宽了;从热重曲线还可看到,由于阻燃剂的作用使开始失重的温度降低。     

磷-氮改性水性聚氨酯在涤纶织物上的阻燃研究

以N,N-双(2-羟甲基)氨基乙基膦酸二甲酯与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应合成出磷-氮阻燃水性聚氨酯,应用于涤纶织物上,考察了其阻燃性能、耐水洗性能、热失重等性能,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对阻燃处理的涤纶织物燃烧后的炭层进行分析.结果表明;与未阻燃整理的涤纶织物相比,阻燃整理的涤纶织物的极限氧指数(LOI)值提高了5.7％,垂直燃烧性能达到GB/T5455-1997 B1级,燃烧后布面干净,并具有良好的耐水洗性能.涤纶织物燃烧后表面形成致密、光滑、无孔洞的炭层,炭层中磷含量远远超过阻燃织物中原始含量,磷富集于炭层表面.阻燃整理织物的热失重曲线上快速热解阶段缩短,最大分解速率减小了32.7％.     

Al/ZnS涂层织物的红外发射性能

以片状Al粉为金属颜料,加入ZnS、Na2SiO4、羧甲基纤维素钠和不同粘合剂制备低红外发射率涂料。将涂料涂覆在铝板上,比较含4种不同粘合剂涂层的发射率,研究粘合剂对涂层红外发射率的影响。将涂料涂覆在织物上,测量涂层的表观形态,分析工艺处方、织物种类等因素对织物涂层发射率的影响。油性聚氨酯粘合剂涂层的发射率最低,随着Al和ZnS含量的增加,织物涂层发射率逐渐降低,且不同织物基质上的涂层红外发射率不同。当使用油性聚氨酯为粘合剂,铝粉质量分数为35%～40%,ZnS质量分数为2%时,涤纶织物涂层发射率为0.69。     

玻璃纤维涂层织物的技术与应用

玻璃纤维涂层织物是在玻璃纤维织物表面涂覆一层涂层材料,不仅可以充分发挥玻璃纤维固有的性能特点,还可以赋予织物新的性能,以满足不同应用领域的需求。介绍了各种涂层材料的特性、各种涂覆工艺的特点及涂层织物的应用情况。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。