Generic Certificateless Encryption Secure Against Malicious-but-Passive KGC Attacks in the Standard Model

Despite the large number of certificateless encryption schemes proposed recently, many of them have been found insecure under a practical attack, called malicious-but-passive KGC (Key Generation Center) attack. In this work we propose the first generic construction of certificateless encryption, which can be proven secure against malicious-but-passive KGC attacks in the standard model. In order to encrypt a message of any length, we consider the KEM/DEM (key encapsulation mechanism/data encapsulation mechanism) framework in the certificateless setting, and propose a generic construction of certificateless key encapsulation mechanism (CL-KEM) secure against malicious-but-passive KGC attacks in the standard model. It is based on an identity-based KEM, a public key encryption and a message authentication code. The high efficiency of our construction is due to the efficient implementations of these underlying building blocks, and is comparable to Bentahar et al.’s CL-KEMs, which have only been proven secure under the random oracle model with no consideration of the malicious-but-passive KGC attack. We also introduce the notion of certificateless tag-based KEM (CL-TKEM), which is an extension of Abe et al.’ s work to the certificateless setting. We show that an efficient CL-TKEM can be constructed by modifying our CL-KEM scheme. We also show that with a CL-TKEM and a data encapsulation mechanism secure under our proposed security model, an efficient certificateless hybrid encryption can be constructed by applying Abe et al.'s transformation in the certificateless setting.     

Certificateless signcryption scheme in the standard model

Certificateless public key signcryption scheme is an important cryptographic primitive in cryptography. Barbosa and Farshim proposed a certificateless signcryption scheme. However, their construction is proven to be secure in the random oracle model but not the standard model, and the scheme is also vunlerable to the malicious-but-passive key generation center (KGC) attacks. To overcome these disadvantages, we introduce a formal security model for certificateless signcryption schemes secure against the malicious-but-passive KGC attacks and propose a novel certificateless signcryption scheme. The proposed certificateless signcryption scheme is proven to be IND-CCA2 secure under the decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman intractability assumption without using the random oracles. The proposed scheme is also proven to be existentially unforgeable under the computational Diffie-Hellman intractability assumptions. Furthermore, performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme is efficient and practical.     

Certificateless signature scheme with security enhanced in the standard model

Certificateless cryptography is an attractive paradigm, which combines the advantages of identity-based cryptography (without certificate) and traditional public key cryptography (no escrow). Recently, to solve the drawbacks of the existing certificateless signature (CL-S) schemes without random oracles, Yu et al. proposed a new CL-S scheme, which possesses several merits including shorter system parameters and higher computational efficiency than the previous schemes. However, in this work, we will point out that their CL-S scheme is insecure against key replacement attack and malicious-but-passive KGC attack. We further propose an improved scheme that overcomes the security flaws without affecting the merits of the original scheme. We prove that our scheme is existentially unforgeable against adaptive chosen message attacks under the computational Diffie–Hellman assumption in the standard model.     

Cryptanalysis of a certificateless signcryption scheme in the standard model

Certificateless signcryption is a useful primitive which simultaneously provides the functionalities of certificateless encryption and certificateless signature. Recently, Liu et al. [15] proposed a new certificateless signcryption scheme, and claimed that their scheme is provably secure without random oracles in a strengthened security model, where the malicious-but-passive KGC attack is considered. Unfortunately, by giving concrete attacks, we indicate that Liu et al. certificateless signcryption scheme is not secure in this strengthened security model.     

一种无证书代理签名的改进方案

证明La Rongbo等人的代理签名方案（Proc．of the 8th ACIS International Conference on SoRwam Engineering,Artificial Intelligence,Networking and Parallel／Distributed Computing,2007）不能抵抗替换公钥攻击和恶意但被动的密钥生成中心（KGC）攻击,普通攻击者可通过替换公钥伪造出有效的代理签名,KGC通过恶意但被动的KGC攻击可获得用户的私钥,从而能任意伪造出有效的代理签名。针对替换公钥攻击和KGC攻击,提出一个改进方案,新方案满足代理签名的安全性要求,能有效抵抗替换公钥攻击和恶意但被动的KGC攻击。     

一种高效安全的无证书数字签名方案

无证书签名体制容易遭受公钥替换攻击,在很多已有的方案中,密钥生成中心(KGC)可假冒合法用户生成"有效"的公私钥对。在Gap Diffie-Hellman(GDH)群中,利用用户公钥和部分私钥"绑定"技术,提出了一种可追踪KGC假冒的无证书签名方案,在随机谕示模型下,给出了该方案的安全性分析。与同类方案相比,该方案具有较高的效率。     

对标准模型下无证书签名方案的安全性分析

通过对一个标准模型下可证安全的无证书签名方案进行分析,指出该方案是不安全的。分析了一种针对该方案的公钥替换攻击和改进方案,说明该公钥替换攻击是一种平凡的伪造攻击,指出了这个改进方案也是不安全的。提出了一种新的密钥生成中心KGC攻击,即通用恶意KGC攻击,在这种攻击下,这两个无证书签名方案的KGC总是能够在系统参数生成阶段生成包含陷门信息的系统参数,利用这些参数,KGC不需要计算出用户的私钥就可以冒充任意系统用户对任意消息进行伪造签名。给出了攻击方法,并针对这种通用恶意KGC攻击提出了新的改进方案,使其能够抵抗这种攻击。     

A new provably secure certificateless short signature scheme

Certificateless public key cryptography simplifies the complex certificate management in the traditional public key cryptography and resolves the key escrow problem in identity-based cryptography. In 2007, Huang et al. revisited the security models of certificateless signature scheme. They classified adversaries according to their attack power into normal, strong, and super adversaries (ordered by their attack power). Recently, Du and Wen proposed a short certificateless signature scheme and presented that their scheme is secure against the strong adversary in the random oracle model. In this paper, we show that their short signature scheme is insecure against the strong adversary. We then propose a new short certificateless signature scheme which is secure against the super adversary. Our scheme is the first certificateless signature scheme which satisfies both the strongest security level and the shortest signature length.     

公钥不可替换无证书签名方案

基于Al-Riyami框架的无证书签名(CLS)的安全性以密钥分发中心(KGC)不能实施公钥替换攻击为前提,存在能被KGC实施公钥替换攻击这一缺陷。给出公钥不可替换攻击无证书签名体制的定义,提出通过对用户的公钥签名来抵抗任何敌手(包括KGC)实施的公钥替换攻击,以将无证书签名的安全性提升到一个新的级别。基于Al-Riyami的方案给出了新方案的构造实例,基于随机预言机模型证明了公钥签名算法的安全性。该方案构造的对公钥的签名方法适用于所有基于Al-Riyami框架的双线性对无证书签名方案。     

标准模型下的无证书指定验证者签名方案

提出一种标准模型下无证书的指定验证者签名方案。利用双线性对的性质,结合无证书密码体制与指定验证者数字签名,解决公钥系统中指定验证者签名存在的证书管理问题,实现基于身份的密码体制中指定验证者签名的密钥托管。在标准模型下进行验证,结果表明,该方案在假设CDH问题和CBDH问题中,能抵抗适应性选择消息攻击的存在伪造性。     

无证书代理盲签名方案的密码学分析与改进

对黄隽等人提出的无证书代理盲签名方案进行安全分析,指出该方案不仅不能抵抗公钥替换攻击,而且也不能抵抗恶意但被动的KGC的攻击,给出了具体的攻击方法。针对此方案的安全缺陷,提出一种改进方案,使得改进后的方案具有更高的安全性,并且改进后方案的效率与原方案相同。     

Lattice-based certificateless encryption scheme

Certificateless public key cryptography (CL-PKC) can solve the problems of certificate management in a public key infrastructure (PKI) and of key escrows in identity-based public key cryptography (ID-PKC). In CL-PKC, the key generation center (KGC) does not know the private keys of all users, and their public keys need not be certificated by certification authority (CA). At present, however, most certificateless encryption schemes are based on large integer factorization and discrete logarithms that are not secure in a quantum environment and the computation complexity is high. To solve these problems, we propose a new certificate-less encryption scheme based on lattices, more precisely, using the hardness of the learning with errors (LWE) problem. Compared with schemes based on large integer factorization and discrete logarithms, the most operations are matrixvector multiplication and inner products in our scheme, our approach has lower computation complexity. Our scheme can be proven to be indistinguishability chosen ciphertext attacks (IND-CPA) secure in the random oracle model.     

一个无证书代理盲签名方案

将无证书公钥密码体制和代理盲签名相结合,利用两者的优点,提出一个无证书代理盲签名方案。该方案具有盲签名的盲性以及不可追踪性,同时消除了对证书的依赖,能够解决密钥的托管问题。在适应性选择消息及适应性选择身份攻击下,该方案可以体现出存在性不可伪造的特点,能够有效抵抗公钥替换攻击。     

改进的无证书代理盲签名方案

通过对张晓敏提出的高效无证书代理盲签名方案进行安全性分析,发现该方案不能抵抗恶意但被动的KGC攻击,也不能抵抗普通攻击者的签名伪造攻击,而且KGC与原始签名者联合可以获得代理密钥。为了避免这些攻击,提出了一种改进的无证书代理盲签名方案,且该方案具有更高的安全性。     

一种可证安全无对运算的签密方案分析与改进

近期,Chen等人提出了无对运算的无证书签密方案,通过加解密双方私钥和公钥相结合生成密文加密密钥,并在随机预言机模型下证明了该方案满足适应性选择密文攻击下不可区分性和适应性选择消息攻击下不可伪造性。对Chen方案进行安全分析,发现其方案在选择明文攻击下存在密钥泄露和不能抵抗恶意KGC的不可伪造性攻击问题。由此,基于椭圆曲线群上计算性Diffie-Hellman问题和离散对数问题提出了新的无证书签密方案。新方案避免了原方案的密钥泄露等安全问题。在保证安全性的前提下,新方案运行效率未降低。     

人口信息管理和可视化系统的设计

证明Lu Rongbo等人的代理签名方案(Proc. of the 8th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, 2007)不能抵抗替换公钥攻击和恶意但被动的密钥生成中心(KGC)攻击,普通攻击者可通过替换公钥伪造出有效的代理签名,KGC通过恶意但被动的KGC攻击可获得用户的私钥,从而能任意伪造出有效的代理签名.针对替换公钥攻击和KGC攻击,提出一个改进方案,新方案满足代理签名的安全性要求,能有效抵抗替换公钥攻击和恶意但被动的KGC攻击.     

对一个无证书代理盲签名方案的分析与改进

通过对葛荣亮等人提出的无证书代理盲签名方案进行分析, 从中发现该方案会引起公钥替换攻击和恶意但是被动的KGC攻击。为了解决此方案的安全性缺陷, 提出了一种改进方案。分析表明, 改进的新方案满足无证书代理盲签名方案的所有安全性要求, 并且拥有与原方案相同的计算效率。     

标准模型下的高效强安全混合加密方案

如何设计标准模型下满足适应性选择密文安全（IND-CCA2）的高效加密方案,是公钥密码学领域的一个重要研究课题。基于判定型双线性Diffie-Hellman问题,提出了一个高效、短公/私钥长度、强安全的,基于对称加密算法、消息认证码算法、密钥分割算法等基础算法的一次一密型混合加密方案,分析了方案的安全性和效率。方案在标准模型下被证明具有IND-CCA2安全性,支持公开的密文完整性验证,与同类方案相比计算效率高。     

Tight chosen ciphertext attack （CCA）-secure hybrid encryption scheme with full public verifiability

In this paper, we propose a new ＂full public verifiability＂ concept for hybrid public-key encryption schemes. We also present a new hybrid public-key encryption scheme that has this feature, which is based on the decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption. We have proven that the new hybrid public-key encryption scheme is secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack in the standard model. The ＂full public verifiability＂ feature means that the new scheme has a shorter ciphertext and reduces the security requirements of the symmetric encryption scheme. Therefore, our new scheme does not need any message authentication code, even when the one-time symmetric encryption scheme is passive attacks secure. Compared with all existing publickey encryption schemes that are secure to the adaptive chosen ciphertext attack, our new scheme has a shorter ciphertext, efficient tight security reduction, and fewer requirements （if the symmetric encryption scheme can resist passive attacks）.     

一种无证书签名方案的安全性分析及其改进

现在许多无证书签名方案过度依赖于密钥生成中心（KGC）的诚实性,所以当KGC失去诚信的时候这些方案也就失去了安全保证。通过对梁红梅等人（梁红梅,黄振杰.高效无证书签名方案的安全性分析与改进.计算机应用,2010,30(3):685-687）提出的无证书签名方案进行安全性分析,指出其方案不可抵抗消极不诚实KGC下的公钥替换攻击和积极不诚实的KGC攻击。针对该问题,采用由KGC生成用户公钥并公开的方法,对原方案进行了改进。安全性分析表明,改进后的方案可抵抗消极不诚实KGC下的公钥替换攻击,判别KGC的积极不诚实性行为和在随机预言机模型下可抵抗适应性选择消息攻击下的存在性伪造。