共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 81 毫秒
1.
2.
采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备Sm2O3掺杂CeO2粉末(SDC),XRD分析结果表明为纯相的Sm2O3掺杂CeO2(SDC)固溶体.采用XRD、SEM、TG/DSC、激光粒度分析仪等对粉末的性质和制备工艺条件进行了研究.通过优化沉淀反应pH值,草酸溶液浓度和沉淀物的煅烧温度等制备工艺条件,得到高烧结活性的SDC粉末,沉淀反应pH值为6~7,草酸浓度为0.3mol·L-1形成的草酸沉淀物在700℃煅烧的氧化物粉末,1350℃烧结可以达到95%的理论密度. 相似文献
3.
双掺杂铈基电解质材料的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要针对掺杂Zr4+的CeO2基电解质材料进行研究,并引入了第二种掺杂离子Sc3+,以期望能进一步改善其电性能。分析了该两种元素不同掺杂比例对电解质的电导率、微观性质及热过程的影响,并对产生这些差异的原因进行了初步探讨。采用固相法制取双掺杂的CeO2基电解质粉体,并对其最佳条件做了详细的分析。实验结果表明:在微观性质方面,经XRD分析可知,Sc3+改善了ZrO2在CeO2的固溶情况;在电性能方面,应用交流阻抗谱法分析了双掺杂的CeO2基电解质,可知其电导率有一定程度的提高,并得出Sc3+∶Zr4+∶Ce4+在摩尔比为5∶25∶7时活化能最小,电导率最佳。 相似文献
4.
与单相TiB_2陶瓷相比,TiB_2基复相陶瓷具有更加优良的物理、化学性能,是一种极具应用前景的高温结构陶瓷,在切削刀具、耐磨部件、高温结构件、核反应堆的保护外壳以及电弧反应的阴极材料等方面都具有重要的应用价值,受到国内外研究人员的普遍关注。介绍了近年来各种TiB_2基复相陶瓷的研究进展,重点介绍了TiB_2与TiC、SiC和B4C等几种材料构成的TiB_2基复相陶瓷的研究情况和水平,并对TiB_2基复相陶瓷的制备工艺进行了评述,指出了无压烧结工艺制备TiB_2基复相陶瓷的优势。最后,提出了TiB_2基复相陶瓷在今后研究中亟待解决的几个问题。相信,随着粉体制备技术、复合工艺水平以及烧结技术的不断进步,未来TiB_2基复相陶瓷的应用会越来越广。 相似文献
5.
设计了以氧化铟与稀土氧化物(La2O3或Nd2O3)为共同掺杂元素的新型掺杂技术,并利用以聚乙烯醇为聚合剂的化学合成方法制备了CeO2基氧离子导电电解质材料。X射线衍射分析表明,本实验采用的湿化学合成方法容易获得具有纳米结构的高纯氟化钙型结构的CeO2基导电材料.材料导电性的交流阻抗测试分析说明,适当比例的氧化铟与稀土氧化物共掺能有效提高CeO2的导电性;其导电性比相同合成方法制备的Sm2O3掺杂CeO2的导电性更好。利用有效离子半径和相关结合焓理论分析了不同掺杂氧化物对CeO2基材料离子导电性影响。 相似文献
6.
7.
以凹凸棒土(ATP)为载体, 以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和La(NO3)3·6H2O为原料, 以C6H12N4(HMT)为沉淀剂, 采用均相沉淀法制备了不同铈镧比的CeO2-La2O3/ATP(Ce:La=9:1~3:7, 摩尔比, 下同)复合材料。用TG-DSC、 TEM、 XRD和FTIR对所制备复合材料的微观结构和形貌进行表征, 并分别考察不同铈镧比和H2O2添加量对酸性品红模拟废水脱色降解的影响。结果表明, 当Ce:La=5:5时, CeO2-La2O3固溶体颗粒均匀分布在ATP表面, 颗粒尺寸为5~10 nm。随着铈镧摩尔比的增加, 酸性品红的降解率呈先增后减的趋势, 且当Ce:La=5:5、 H2O2为10 mL、 酸性品红浓度为100 mg/L时, 降解效果最好, 300 min后的最大降解率达82%。 相似文献
8.
9.
通过常压烧结制备SnO2基陶瓷,研究了ZnO、Nb2O5单掺杂及ZnO-Nb2O5复合掺杂对SnO2基陶瓷的烧结性能及电阻率的影响。采用SEM及XRD对试样分别进行了微观结构观察及物相分析。研究表明,掺杂ZnO能提高陶瓷的体积密度,但对于降低电阻率的影响不明显,当ZnO掺杂量在0.5%~0.75%(质量分数)时,SnO2基体积密度可达到6.67~6.73g/cm3;掺杂Nb2O5不能有效提高烧成陶瓷的体积密度,但能显著降低SnO2基陶瓷的电阻率;0.5%(质量分数)ZnO~1.5%(质量分数)Nb2O5复合掺杂在1450℃下烧成的陶瓷可得到较好的性能,其体积密度可达到6.61g/cm3,常温电阻率为867.84Ω.cm。 相似文献
10.
采用传统的陶瓷烧结技术,通过添加0.15%(摩尔分数)CeO2,在1120℃烧结2h,成功制备了新型无铅压电陶瓷Ba0.9 Ca0.1 Ti1-x Snx O3,并且检测了陶瓷样品的微结构和电性能.XRD显示所有陶瓷样品均具有纯的钙钛矿结构,在室温下为典型的四方相,SEM显示适量添加锡离子可以提高陶瓷致密性.在室温下,锡离子改性的BaTiO3基压电陶瓷在x=0.02处显示了优异的压电、介电和铁电性能(d33=276 pC/N,kp=46%,εr=3678,tanδ=2.4%,Pr=18.2μC/cm2,EC=1.12 kV/mm).这些优异的检测结果证实适当添加锡离子能改善BaT iO3基压电陶瓷的电性能. 相似文献
11.
Solid oxides, such as ceria (CeO2) doped with cations of lower valance, are potential electrolytes for future solid oxide fuel cells. This is due to the theoretically high ionic conductivity at low operation temperature. This paper investigates the feasibility of two potential electrolytes which are samarium-doped ceria (SDC) and gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) to replace the traditional yttria-stablized zirconia (YSZ). Molecular simulation techniques were employed to study the influence of different dopant concentrations at different operation temperatures on the ionic conductivity from the atomistic perspective. Simulation results show that the optimized ionic conductivity occurs at 11.11mol% concentration using both dopants of Gd2O3 and Sm2O3. The temperature effect was also examined under a fixed concentration simulation to check how low temperature they still function. The predicted ionic conductivities have been verified with published experimental results and show reasonable agreements. This simulation technique reveals a clear picture with qualitative and quantitative connection between the choice of the dopant and the improvement of the ionic conductivity of fuel cell electrolytes. 相似文献
12.
作为一种高效的能源转换装置,固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)因具有高效率、环境友好和燃料灵活等优点受到广泛关注.电解质作为SOFC的核心部分,其性能的好坏直接决定SOFC的性能.SOFC使用的传统电解质材料是部分氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ),但因其工作温度高(约1000℃),由此带来电极材料的选择、密封等诸多困难.因此,开发适用于中低温下的电解质对推进SOFC的商业化进程至关重要.单元素掺杂的氧化铈基电解质在中低温下的电导率高于同温度下YSZ的电导率.然而,CeO2基电解质也存在以下不足:在低氧分压下,部分Ce4+被还原为Ce3+而产生电子电导;在中低温度下,晶界电阻较大而使总电导率降低.影响CeO2基电解质电导率的因素较多,如粉体的制备方法、烧结体的微观形貌、掺杂剂的种类和浓度.其中,较为重要的影响因素是掺杂剂的种类及其浓度、粉体的制备方法.针对以上问题,研究人员普遍认为,相比于单掺杂CeO2,元素共掺或多掺(尤其掺杂稀土元素)更有利于改善电解质的离子电导率,并降低电子电导率.掺杂元素的种类通常包括:稀土元素和部分碱土金属元素.除元素掺杂外,不同碳酸盐复合的CeO2基电解质也引起了研究人员的兴趣.在制备方法上,采用微波烧结、多元醇法、静电纺丝等不同粉体制备方法可得到高离子电导率的电解质,此外,将电解质薄膜化或采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)在CeO2电解质基底上沉积一层隔膜都可以降低电子电导,提高电导率.本文结合最近几年学者们对CeO2基电解质的研究状况,简述了元素掺杂、粉体的制备方法以及电解质薄膜对CeO2基电解质电性能的影响,并对其发展进行了展望. 相似文献
13.
Inorganic Materials - The processes occurring during the solid-state synthesis of germanium-doped lithium titanium phosphate have been studied. The formation of LiTi2 – xGex(PO4)3 has been... 相似文献
14.
In this study, the ionic conductivity behavior in hybrid gelatin-based transparent electrolytes including various types of nanoclays with different size, shape and surface properties was characterized. The effects of nanoclay type and nanoclay concentration as well as different experimental conditions, e.g., pH, temperature and crosslinking were also investigated. In general, the impedance spectroscopy results suggested a non- trivial role for nanoclay. Regardless of the nanoclay type, the ionic conductivity slightly increased first and then decreased by increasing the nanoclay concentration. Furthermore, among sodium montmorillonite (Na+MMT), lithium montmorillonite (Li+MMT), laponite and hydrotalcite, the hybrid electrolytes prepared by Li+MMT showed higher ionic conductivity. The results also showed that the chemical crosslinking along with sample preparation at optimum pH, where the gelatin chains might be efficiently adsorbed on exfoliated, negatively charged clay nanosheets, plays an important role. In comparison with the ionic conductivity of the neat sample at room temperature (~10-7 S cm-1), a ten-fold increase was observed for the crosslinked sample containing 2 wt% of Li^+MMT prepared at optimum pH 3.5. The conductivity behavior as a function of temperature revealed the obedience with the VogeI-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) model for all samples, suggesting the important role of segmental motions in the ionic conductivity. Finally, a qualitative explanation was presented for the mechanism of the ionic conduction in gelatin-nanoclay hybrid electrolytes. 相似文献
15.
S. Moroe P. L. Woodfield K. Kimura M. Kohno J. Fukai M. Fujii K. Shinzato Y. Takata 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2011,32(9):1887-1917
The thermal conductivity for normal hydrogen gas was measured in the range of temperatures from 323 K to 773 K at pressures
up to 99 MPa using the transient short hot-wire method. The single-wire platinum probes had wire lengths of 10 mm to 15 mm
with a nominal diameter of 10 μm. The volume-averaged transient temperature rise of the wire was calculated using a two-dimensional numerical solution to
the unsteady heat conduction equation. A non-linear least-squares fitting procedure was employed to obtain the values of the
thermal conductivity required for agreement between the measured temperature rise and the calculation. The experimental uncertainty
in the thermal-conductivity measurements was estimated to be 2.2 % (k = 2). An existing thermal-conductivity equation of state was modified to include the expanded range of conditions covered
in the present study. The new correlation is applicable from 78 K to 773 K with pressures to 100 MPa and is in agreement with
the majority of the present thermal-conductivity measurements within ±2 %. 相似文献
16.
17.
Y2O3稳定ZrO2材料离子电导率与温度的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在不同温度下制定了Y2O3含量不同的几种Y2O3稳定ZrO2材料的电导率,发现在所研究的Y2O3含量范围内,材料的电导率随温度的变化关系可以用有一个改进的Arrhenius方程加以描述。由这一改进的Arrhenius方程导出的电导活化能数值与其他作者给出的理论计算结果的吻合得很好。 相似文献
18.
19.
硼化锆基超高温陶瓷材料的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
由于在极端环境中具有优异的物理化学性能,超高温陶瓷成为未来高超声速飞行和可重复使用运载飞船领域最具前途的候选材料之一。本文对硼化锆基超高温陶瓷材料粉体合成、烧结致密化和高温热机械性能(主要为抗氧化和抗烧蚀性能)研究方面作了综合评述,对材料研究和应用方面存在的问题作了初步总结,期望能够为推动超高温陶瓷材料的实际应用起到一定的指导意义。 相似文献