基于多波长激光探测海洋大气波导机理及实验研究

海洋大气波导是能够影响侦察预警探测装设备和常用民用航型保障设备的重要大气环境因素。本文采用一种基于激光探测遥感探测大气波导的技术,通过分析计算典型海洋大气多波长激光传输特性、光波波段折射率结构常数与激光探测大气波导机理模型。同时通过自主研制的激光雷达在三亚等地进行大量实践大气波导探测,并同步开展探空气球探测低空100m范围内的温度和湿度剖面,采用温度和湿度剖面获取折射率剖面和激光传输的消光系数垂直分布以及光波段的折射率结构常数分布,实验分析初步表明用激光探测大气波导尤其是海上大气波导尤其是蒸发波导的可行性。     

悬空波导的激光雷达探测能力个例研究

以无线电探空仪实测的悬空波导为例,开展了激光雷达对其探测能力的仿真研究.通过振-转拉曼散射信号测量大气湿度,纯转动拉曼散射信号测量大气温度.再结合探空仪测量的大气压强,计算得到大气折射率.在拉曼激光雷达系统的四个探测通道中加入了泊松分布的信号起伏,以符合真实测量过程.仿真结果表明:对于较弱的悬空波导,中型激光雷达系统对其具有较好的捕获能力.基于蒙特卡洛方法研究了几种时空分辨率下激光雷达探测该悬空波导的辨识概率、波导层厚度及波导强度.     

测量大气气溶胶和水汽的车载式激光雷达系统

为满足国家对大气参数测量的需求,成功研制了新型车载式大气探测激光雷达系统。该激光雷达主要是通过接收激光与大气中气溶胶粒子和水汽以及氮气分子间的米和拉曼散射信号,结合相应的激光雷达方程,反演出大气水平能见度、垂直气溶胶消光系数和水汽混合比。最终的实际测量结果与对比实验显示,该激光雷达可以对对流层的大气气溶胶进行昼夜连续观测,对夜晚8 km高度范围内以及凌晨和傍晚时分边界层内的水汽进行测量。相应大气水平能见度的测量误差小于20%,而垂直大气气溶胶和水汽的测量误差最大不超过30%。     

后向散射式能见度测试仪测量1064nm波长激光大气传输消光系数研究

激光传输特性的研究可以为光电探测和通信系统的性能提供依据.采用后向散射式能见度测量仪测量后向散射回波能量,经过计算得出激光在大气中传播的消光系数.对不同能见度和天气条件下激光消光系数进行大量试验测量,得出统计规律,并与理论相比较,结果相符.     

激光雷达斜程能见度的一种探测方法及其分析

提出利用激光雷达多仰角探测方法对大气斜程积分能见度测量的方案.该方案以大气光学厚度替代传统的利用大气消光系数分布求解斜程能见度,从而克服了在低能见度下,由于大气多次散射,斜程能见度难以测准的缺点,提高了探测精度,为飞机起飞着陆提供了较为准确的气象参数.利用Monte-Carlo方法模拟计算了3种大气消光分布情况下采用该方法测量的积分能见度.结果表明：在激光探测区域内和垂直高度相同的大气消光分布均匀的假设条件下,只要在设计激光雷达时,恰当选择系统参数（如激光脉冲能量、积分累计时间、窄带滤光片带宽等）使得信噪比满足一定的条件,该方法是可行的,且能见度探测误差不超过4.3%.     

近地双基地激光雷达探测距离预测

获得了双基地激光雷达方程,并利用该方程预测双基地激光雷达的探测距离.根据双基地雷达原理,应用理论分析的方法推导双基地激光雷达方程;应用数值分析的方法预测系统的探测距离.得到了双基地激光雷达方程,及考虑激光的近地斜程大气传输时系统探测距离与接收功率、能见度的关系;最后得到系统的接收功率等值线.激光的斜程近地大气传输衰减对双基地激光雷达探测距离的影响很大.     

船载激光雷达观测青岛海域气溶胶光学性质实验研究

研制了一套能连续探测海洋大气气溶胶光学性质垂直分布的船载小型米散射激光雷达系统,用该系统于2015年5月和9月在青岛海域开展了海洋大气气溶胶观测实验.以同船搭载的Microtops II型手持式太阳光度计同步测量得到的气溶胶光学厚度作对比数据,比较了两种仪器的气溶胶光学厚度测量结果,得到观测海域柱平均激光雷达比为32.4sr,标准偏差4.6sr.由Fernald方法得到了实验海域夏季15 km以下的气溶胶消光系数廓线.连续观测实验表明研制的船载米散射激光雷达结构紧凑,易于在船载平台操作,能对海洋大气气溶胶的光学特性进行连续有效的高时空分辨率廓线测量.     

合肥地区夏季臭氧、温度、水汽、气溶胶、二氧化碳测量与对比分析

为了建立我国的大气模式和制定合适的大气环境保护政策,对大气参数(臭氧浓度,相对湿度,气溶胶后向散射比,温度,二氧化碳浓度等)进行全面测量并分析其基本特性十分重要.多功能性L625激光雷达能够分时测量大气中的臭氧浓度、气溶胶消光系数、散射比、大气温度、二氧化碳混合比、水汽混合比等多种大气参数.对该激光雷达探测的大气参数和其他仪器包括卫星探测器MLS、无线电探空仪、DWL激光雷达、Raman激光雷达进行了对比,验证了L625激光雷达探测结果的可靠性和有效性;并且对测量数据进行了分析,得出了夏季合肥地区臭氧、气溶胶、水汽、温度、二氧化碳的基本特征.     

基于1064nm米散射激光雷达的大气消光特性的研究

介绍了一台自行研制的1064nm微脉冲米散射激光雷达的总体结构、技术参数及其工作原理。给出了具体探测的实验结果,推算出系统的几何重叠因子,根据激光雷达方程的反演方法,得出了大气气溶胶消光系数随高度变化的垂直分布廓线图。该激光雷达系统在夜晚的探测高度可达5km左右。通过激光雷达系统的日夜连续监测,可得到消光系数随高度及时间变化的三维分布图,对于进一步研究大气气溶胶的浓度、分布、散射及吸收特性都具有重要的意义。     

有限距离大气透过率实验研究

将成像激光雷达这一新型主动大气探测手段运用于水平大气透过率测量研究。采用矩阵图像错位相加法提高信噪比。获取随距离变化的信号之后,通过Klett积分结合斜率法的反演方式获得1km以内水平传输路径上的消光系数分布,对消光系数进行路径积分,计算出水平大气透过率。将反演结果与对比实验中直接测量的大气透过率进行对比分析,发现不同天气情况下两者的相关性系数在0.7以上,相对误差在20%以内。该成像激光雷达设备可进行有限距离的水平大气透过率探测研究。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks