Crack propagation in an amine-cured epoxide resin

Crack propagation has been studied in a DGEBA epoxide resin cured with two different series of amine hardeners. Both series produced a cured resin in which cracks propagated in a stick-slip manner in a series of jumps. With a primary diamine hardener, the initiation energy depended on the molecular weight of the hardener, but with a mixed amine hardener the initiation energy was independent of molecular weight. There were also significant differences in fracture surface morphologies between the two series. The effect of temperature and testing rate on the fracture energy and fracture surface morphology of ethylene diamine cured resin has also been studied. The fracture initiation energy increased with increasing temperature and decreasing testing rate and there is some indication of a peak occurring in the 22° C data. Long term static loading experiments have failed to show the occurrence of a static fatigue effect. Different batches of nominally identical resin produced different results, leading to problems of irreproducibility of behaviour.     

Crack propagation in and fractography of epoxy resins

The relationship between the stability of crack propagation in, and the fracture surface appearance of, DGEBA epoxy resins cured with TETA has been investigated using a linear elastic fracture mechanics approach. In particular, the effect of varying the amount of curing agent and curing conditions and altering external variables such as testing rate, temperature and environment have been studied. Under certain conditions, propagation is found to be stable and fracture surfaces have a smooth appearance. Under other conditions the cracks propagate in an unstable stick-slip manner. In this case, arrest lines can be seen on the fracture surfaces and their intensity and roughness increases with the magnitude of the crack jumps. The roughness of the fracture surfaces has been measured using a Talysurf and this has been shown to be due principally to deviation of the cracks from the original fracture plane rather than any gross plastic deformation.     

Electrically conductive glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin

 The research on an industrially manufactured, electrically conductive glass fibre reinforced epoxy prepreg for aviation applications is reported. In a co-operative effort between Technical University Hamburg-Harburg (TUHH) and Daimler-Benz Aerospace Airbus (DASA) a new glass-epoxy composite with both electrical and good mechanical properties was successfully developed. The electrical conductivity was achieved adding carbon black as a conductive filler into the epoxy matrix and this at a very low level of content. The range of possible applications for this new material is not only limited to aviation. It can also be used in other transport systems or in electric and electronic devices. Received: 21 July 1998 / Accepted: 28 August 1998     

超细玻璃粉增强环氧树脂的研究

研究了玻璃粉/环氧树脂封接复合材料的制备与性能.利用激光粒度分析仪、电子多功能实验机、SEM、热分析仪等测试粉料粒径、结构形貌以及机械强度等性能.结果表明,在玻璃粉的制备过程中,加入适量的活性剂(硬脂酸盐),可以大大降低玻璃粉的粒径和粒径分布范围.将超细玻璃粉用偶联剂处理后,与环氧树脂混合制备成封接复合材料,比环氧树脂具有更好的力学性能和热稳定性.     

空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂复合材料力学性能

对不同填充质量比的改性空心玻璃微珠(HGB)/环氧树脂复合材料进行了拉伸、压缩准静态实验。研究了改性空心玻璃微珠不同填充量对复合材料密度、弹性模量、拉伸强度和压缩强度的影响, 并分析其应力松弛。实验发现, 材料的各项数据随填充比增加均有所降低。空心玻璃微珠的填入使材料表现出脆性破坏, 但破坏前有较大的变形, 破坏后回弹率大, 说明玻璃微珠的填充增强了材料的弹性。HGB/环氧树脂复合材料具有明显的应力松弛现象, 且填充比越高, 应力松弛速率越大, 可见HGB/环氧树脂复合材料具有明显的黏弹性。      

玻璃纤维增强环氧复合材料上超疏水表面层的制备

先采用真空袋压法制备含CaCO3/环氧树脂表面功能层的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,再通过化学刻蚀与表面修饰,在玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料上制备出超疏水表面。采用扫描电镜和动/静态接触角分析仪,表征表面的形貌和疏水性,结果表明,在复合材料表面构建了具有微-纳米尺度二元粗糙结构;采用1%(质量分数)的硬脂酸修饰后,其表面与水的接触角最高达160.03°;制备的超疏水表面结构在室温环境下具有长期的稳定性。     

Crack propagation in a commercial steel

In this work, the fatigue crack propagation behaviour of commercial steel sheet specimens containing a circular hole, under uniaxial loading conditions at room temperature was investigated.The experimental data have been analysed in terms of variability of material constants. The results were presented in the form of power relationship between the crack growth rate and the stress intensity factor range.

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Résumé Dans ce travail, on a étudié le comportement à la propagation des fissures de fatique d'éprouvettes de tôle mince en acier de construction, présentant un trou circulaire et sujettes à une mise en charge uniaxiale à température ambiante.On a analysé les données expérimentales en termes de variabilité des constantes du matériau. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme d'une relation parabolique entre la vitesse de croissance de la fissure et la variation du facteur d'intensité de contrainte.

     

Crack propagation in a Tantalum nano-slab

Using molecular dynamics with an accurate many-body potential for metallic Tantalum, we studied crack propagation in a pre-notched nano-slab under uniaxial strain in a [100] direction. We study dislocation emission from the crack tip for various strain rate and temperatures, focusing on the influence of the local temperature at the crack tip on the propagation of the crack. We find a close connection between the local temperature at the crack tip and dislocation emission. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanical properties and thermal ageing of a perfluoroether-modified epoxy resin in castings and glass fibre composites

Castings from a bisphenol epoxy resin cured with methyl nadic anhydride, and containing varying amounts of a miscibilized carboxy-terminated perfluoroether oligomer (CTMF), were produced in such a manner as to display two different morphologies: one consisting of fine heterophase interpenetrating networks (IPNs) and the other comprising precipitated dispersed particles. High-temperature accelerated ageing showed that compositions containing 15% CTMF exhibit higher flexural strength and ductility than unmodified resins, irrespective of the type of morphology. Castings of CTMF-modified resin with an IPN morphology, however, displayed superior property retention characteristics with respect to thermal ageing and consequently were chosen as the matrix for the production of unidirectional fibre composites. The composites, on the other hand, were found not to exhibit the same improvements in heat ageing resistance as the castings. The cause has not been established but the increase in peak tan δ temperature over that exhibited by the castings suggests that the matrix is more highly crosslinked.     

Identification method of structural defects in glass fiber fabric/epoxy resin laminate

We present the experimental methods proposed for the identification of structural defects of the laminate constituted of 12 layers of glass fiber fabric/epoxy resin. Two techniques of control were used to analyze the principal structural defects (local or global disorientation). The first technique provides a superficial observation (macroscopic analysis) of the superior and lower surfaces of each layer, while the second one ensures internal observation (microscopic analysis) of different layers after pyrolysis of the matrix (delamination of the laminate).     

玻璃微珠/环氧树脂胶结型复合材料的刚架-弹簧-阻尼模型

针对玻璃微珠/环氧树脂构成的胶结型颗粒复合材料提出了刚架-弹簧-阻尼模型。考虑到环氧树脂基体的阻尼特性,通过动态热机械分析,得到常温低频下环氧树脂的损耗因子,并应用于刚架-弹簧-阻尼模型。采用有限单元分析方法进行数值仿真分析,得到了玻璃微珠/环氧树脂胶结型复合材料损耗因子随玻璃微珠粒径增大的变化规律。结果表明:随着玻璃微珠粒径的增大,颗粒复合材料的刚架-弹簧-阻尼模型单元计算的损耗因子会逐渐增大,且切向损耗因子要比轴向的大;对整体材料而言,刚架-弹簧-阻尼有限元模型计算的损耗因子也会逐渐增大,其中,按照平面正四边形网格模型计算得到的损耗因子要大于平面正六边形网格模型,即颗粒复合材料的孔隙率越大,材料的损耗因子越大。仿真分析结果与实际材料的阻尼变化规律相符,这种模型是可靠的。      

聚酰亚胺表面处理玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能

采用浇铸成型工艺制备含0.5wt%、长度分别为1 mm、3 mm、5 mm的短切玻璃纤维/环氧树脂（GF/EP）复合材料,研究含活性酚羟基和不含酚羟基的两种聚酰亚胺（PI）处理GF表面对纤维束拉伸强度及GF/EP复合材料力学性能的影响,并进一步研究PI处理GF对复合材料热性能的影响。研究结果表明,经过PI处理的GF,集束性和拉伸强度得到提高。含活性酚羟基聚酰亚胺（PI1）处理的GF拉伸强度由原丝束的517 MPa提高到1 032 MPa,不含酚羟基聚酰亚胺（PI2）处理的GF提高到986 MPa。当PI1处理的GF长度为3 mm时,GF/EP复合材料的力学性能最好,拉伸强度比未处理的提高23.62%,拉伸模量提高34.03%,弯曲强度提高28.74%,断裂韧性提高13.04%;PI2处理的GF,GF/EP复合材料拉伸强度提高15.87%,拉伸模量提高23.70%,弯曲强度提高14.11%,断裂韧性提高4.05%。此外,PI处理GF对GF/EP复合材料热性能也有一定程度的提高。     

Stacking layer sequence effects for glass fibre/epoxy resin cross-ply laminates

We describe the effect of the stacking sequence on the distribution of the deformation and stress fields through the thickness of the laminate. The laminates are made of epoxy resin and glass fibres, having the ratio of 0 to 90° plies equal to 1. This stacking sequence is applied to obtain composite laminates with different thicknesses. The study presented in this paper is focused on the linear static behavior of the cross-ply laminates by means of finite-element models developed using the commercial codes ANSYS 6.1 and LUSAS 15.3. The numerical models represent three-point bending loading cases. A viscoelastic analysis of the laminates based on the correspondence principle is also performed. The results from the finite-element models show good agreement with those obtained using the classical laminate theory, while the viscoelastic storage modulus and loss factors’ distribution indicate the optimal stacking sequences for structural dynamics applications, such as spring leaves for novel car suspension systems. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 134–146, May–June, 2007.