Frequency Transformer: Appropriate and Different Models for a Building-up and Collapsing Magnetoplasma Medium

The interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a time varying medium is governed by the property of conservation of the wavenumber. This property can be utilized to construct a frequency transformer. The time variation in the relative permittivity of the medium is easily produced in a magnetoplasma medium by altering the ionization level. The change of the ionization level can be produced by the dynamic control of the source of ionization. The switching-on action of the source produces a build-up plasma, whereas a switching-off action produces a decaying plasma. Simple mathematical models, however, for the two cases are different. In the case of building-up plasma, the model has to ensure the continuity of the current density and in the case of decaying plasma, the average drift velocity of the surviving electrons has to be continuous. Using these two appropriate models, the effect of the time variation of the plasma frequency as well as the background magnetic field of the magnetoplasma medium are studied. Switching off the external magnetic field for the wave in the magnetoplasma medium converts a whistler wave to a wiggler magnetic field. Similar results are obtained with an intensification of the source wave as well as frequency upshift of the whistler wave for the collapsing plasma medium. By controlling the static magnetic field parameters and the level of ionization, the frequency shift ratio can be changed and the frequency transformer becomes tunable. The principle of frequency up-shifting using plasma permits the generation of signals from easily obtainable frequency bands and upshifts them into frequency bands not easily obtainable by other methods.     

ESR spectrometer with a wide frequency range using a gyrotron as a radiation power source

The development of a high frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer with a wide frequency range using a gyrotron as the radiation power source is described. GYROTRON FU-E, optimized for use in an ESR spectrometer in the millimeter wave range, was developed in Fukui University. In order to test the normal operation of the spectrometer, the ESR of two standard samples, single crystal and polycrystalline DPPH, has been measured, in the pulsed mode over the frequency range from 65 GHz to 135 GHz.     

Radiation from an electromagnetic source in a half-space of compressible plasma-surface waves

The radiation characteristics of a line source of magnetic current are studied for the case in which the source is situated in a half-space of isotropic, compressible plasma which is bounded on one side by a perfectly conducting, rigid plane screen. In addition to the electromagnetic and plasma space waves, the line source excites a boundary wave. This boundary wave is a coupled wave. It has associated with it both a magnetic field component and the pressure term. This is in contrast to the space waves which can be decomposed into an electromagnetic (EM) mode with no pressure term and a plasma (P) mode with no magnetic field associated with it. The characteristics of this boundary wave are evaluated. The boundary wave propagates for all frequencies and the power carried by the boundary wave becomes smaller as the frequency is increased.     

Application of the Gyrotron FU II Submillimeter Wave Radiation Source to Plasma Scattering Measurements

Gyrotron FU II has been successfully applied as a submillimeter wave radiation source to plasma scattering measurements on the Compact Helical System (CHS) in National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) in Japan. The gyrotron operates in a long pulse mode (the pulse width is about 600 ms) at a frequency of about 350 GHz (the corresponding wavelength is 0.85 mm). The output power is about 110 W. The output power is transmitted along a circular waveguide system and converted to a Gaussian-like beam by a quasi-optical antenna. After that, the beam is directed onto the CHS plasma and the scattered signal is detected by a homodyne detection system. The frequency and the wave number of the scattered signal are analyzed. The results suggest that a broad band low frequency (several tens to several hundreds kHz) density fluctuation is excited in the CHS plasma only during neutral beam injection (NBI) or ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) heating.     

0．22THz准光波导回旋返波管的设计与模拟研究

回旋返波管作为一种频率可调谐的大功率太赫兹辐射源器件,具有较好的实用前景。本文根据回旋返波管线性理论设计了一只中心工作频率在0．22THz的准光波导回旋返波管,采用自主研发的三维粒子模拟软件CHIPIC对其进行数值模拟研究,分析其工作特性。仿真结果表明：所设计的回旋返波管可获得14kW的峰值功率输出,输出功率大于5kW时调谐带宽大于1GHz。     

Radiation resistance of an oscillating dipole in a moving compressible plasma

The radiation resistance of an electric dipole located in a moving compressible plasma is treated. First, the wave equations for a uniformly moving compressible plasma in the presence of a current source without any restriction upon the magnitude of the velocity are derived. Then, using these wave equations the radiation resistance of the present problem is obtained and its characteristics are investigated numerically. It is shown that if the moving velocity of plasmaupsilon_{0}exceeds the thermal velocity of the electronupsilon_{t}, a region appears in which the plasma wave component of the radiation resistance becomes negative. In this case, the numerical calculation shows that there is a range ofupsilon_{0}where the radiation efficiency of the electromagnetic wave is much improved. The cutoff frequency of the plasma wave in a moving compressible plasma becomes lower than that of the plasma wave in the rest frame of the plasma.     

Radiation of a travelling-wave antenna in plasma in the whistler frequency band

The far field, the radiation pattern, and the radiation impedance of a traveling-wave antenna oriented in plasma along the external magnetic field in the resonance region of the whistler frequency band are studied. It is shown how the main characteristics of the antenna depend on its length and the current propagation constant along the antenna wire.     

High Power,Frequency Tunable,Submillimeter Wave ESR Device Using a Gyrotron as a Radiation Source

ESR device using a submillimeter wave gyrotron as a radiation source and a pulse magnet for high field up to 30 T has been constructed. Our gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU series) were developed as millimeter and submillimeter wave radiation sources and have attractive advantages for ESR spectroscopy, for example, high power and frequency tunability over broad range. The ESR device has been successfully applied to three cases of ESR measurements. In the first case, the temperature dependence of ESR was measured for a typical antiferromagnetic material MnO at the frequency of 301 GHz. In the second case, the dependence of the fine structure constant of the ruby on the magnetic field intensity was measured in the millimeter to submillimeter wave region. In these two cases, the gyrotron was operated by complete cw mode. In the final case, a pulse technique was applied to the ESR, the gyrotron was operated in pulse mode and the pulsed magnetic field was generated in the synchronized phase with the gyrotron operation.     

Radiation spectrum of a relativistic plasma microwave amplifier

A relativistic plasma microwave amplifier at a frequency of 3.2 GHz is experimentally studied. It is demonstrated that a relatively strong modulation of the electron beam in the presence of the electric field of an external microwave source leads to the termination of generation that is observed in the absence of the external signal. Thus, the microwave radiation with the above frequency and a power of 60 MW is generated at a high gain of 32 dB, a relatively low noise level, and the fixed phase difference of the input and output microwave signals.     

A tunable source of linearly-polarized,near-millmeter wave radiation

GYROTRON III is a cw source of near-millimetre wave radiation that is tunable over the frequency range 75 to 330 GHz. The high-order waveguide modes that are characteristic of tunable gyrotrons are converted into a well-collimated, linearly-polarized beam by means of a quasi-optical or Vlasov antenna.     

Dependence of Output Power on Cavity Length in a Gyrotron Backward Wave Oscillator

A relativistic electron beam (500 keV, 200 A, 10 ns) generated magnetically tunable microwave radiation in a frequency range of 9-13 GHz when it is injected into an X-band rectangular waveguide immersed in a uniform axial magnetic field (4-10 kG). The mechanism of the microwave radiation was identified as the gyrotron backward wave interaction. The output power of the radiated microwave increased exponentially with the increase of the cavity length.     

Radiation from electromagnetic sources in a plasma

The radiation from electromagnetic sources in an unbounded, isotropic plasma is treated. Using a two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic approach, the problem is formulated in terms of three orthogonal modes, namely, i) the electromagnetic mode, ii) the electron plasma mode and iii) the ion plasma mode. When formulated in this manner, the radiation from simple electromagnetic sources are obtained easily. Three specific sources are treated, namely, i) a point source of electric current, ii) a uniformly moving charge and iii) a short filament with prescribed current distribution. For the case of the electric dipole and the current filament, the total power radiated in each of the three modes are obtained. A point charge moving uniformly with the velocity of sound, for example, is found to excite only the ion plasma mode. The frequency and the angular spectrum of the emitted radiation are obtained. It is found that at frequencies less than a critical frequency which is approximately equal tosqrt{2}times the ion plasma frequency, the radiation has the character of a simple sound wave.     

高功率双层径向线螺旋阵列天线理论分析与数值模拟

研究了一种高功率双层径向线螺旋阵列天线.论文首先介绍该阵列天线的工作原理,然后从工作原理出发,设计中心频率为4.0 GHz的高功率双层径向线螺旋阵列天线,提出并研究了螺旋单元天线的磁耦合馈电,最后用有限元算法软件对阵列天线进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明:该口径为320mm的天线在中心频率上可获得21.13dBi的增益,口径效率可达72.3％,在-12°≤θ≤12°的范围内轴向轴比值小于1.55;在3.8GHz~4.2GHz的频率范围内增益大于20.68dBi,口径效率大于69%,天线轴向轴比值小于1.7.     

一种六边形缝隙宽带微波天线设计

提出了一种适用于工业、科学、医学(ISM)频段的六边形缝隙天线的设计方法,采用基于全波分析矩量法的电磁场仿真软件进行分析,结果表明,与传统的正方形缝隙天线相比,天线的阻抗带宽由30%增加到了48.5%(|S11|<-10 dB)。进行了天线S参数测量,对天线通带起始频率5.24 GHz、谐振频率5.8 GHz和截止频率8.59 GHz三处频点的方向图进行了测量,测量结果和仿真结果一致,为拓展微带贴片天线带宽提供了一种新颖的方法。     

E波段倍频放大模块设计

E波段是毫米波中非常重要的频段,也是较为缺乏研究的频段.E波段可三倍频至亚毫米波频段,其中220 GHz是大气吸收窗口,具有非常重要的研究价值.基于此,文中设计了一款E波段倍频放大模块,为220 GHz太赫兹发射机提供三倍频源信号,该模块输入频率为11.1～13.34 GHz,输出频率为66.6～80 GHz,输入功率...     

Microwave frequency shifting using photon acceleration

Using a Bostick Gun as a plasma source, we have been investigating the effects of a moving plasma front on the frequency of an incident R.F. signal. We have been able to measure frequency shifts of 10 MHz frequency with a 2.6 GHz signal. The density is such that the plasma frequency is well above the transmitter frequency 1.3 meters from the plasma source. No magnetic field is used.     

Radiation from an aperture in a conducting cylinder coated with a moving plasma sheath

The electromagnetic radiation from an aperture on a conducting cylinder coated with a moving isotropic plasma sheath is considered. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the radiation patterns as functions of sheath velocity and plasma frequency for the circumferential slot and axial slot apertures. It is found for the circumferential slot aperture that the radiation is enhanced in the direction of sheath motion when the plasma is overdense and that relatively little change occurs when the sheath is underdense. For the axial slot, it is found that an electromagnetic field is radiated whose polarization is normal to that of the field radiated under stationary conditions, in addition to a field of the usual polarization. Significant alterations of radiation patterns from their form when the sheath is stationary can occur at relatively small velocities if the wave frequency is near the plasma frequency.     

A Millimeter Wave Phase Locked and Frequency Multiplying Source

A millimeter wave phase locked and frequency multiplying source is proposed in this paper. The design includes an X-band phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer as the base frequency source, and a monolithic millimeter wave frequency tripler, which is developed by using OMMIC 0.18μm pHEMT process. The PLL and the tripler are integrated in a single circuit board to make a low-cost and compact frequency source with the size of 6cm × 5cm. Measurement shows an output power of more than 4.8dBm at the frequency range from 35 to 36.7GHz. A phase noise of about -92dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset is achieved.     

Compton散射对三元磁化等离子体光子晶体的影响

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型和传输矩阵法,研究了Compton散射对一维三元磁化等离子体光子晶体中TE波禁带特性的影响。结果表明,与散射前相比,随等离子体频率增大,散射使左旋极化和右旋极化波的禁带展宽和透射峰值分别减小0.1 GHz和0.21 GHz,禁带中心频率向高频区移动位置增大0.5 GHz。随等离子体碰撞频率增大,散射对左旋极化和右旋极化波的禁带宽度有一定的影响。随等离子体回旋频率、填充率、光入射角和介质相对介电常数的增大,散射对左旋极化波和右旋极化波的禁带有明显的调谐作用。     

（英）340GHz倒圆角交错双栅行波管的仿真与冷测

近些年来交错双栅行波管由于其高功率容量和易加工等优点受到了很多的关注。然而随着器件工作频率的升高,尤其对于太赫兹频段,结构的损耗严重限制了行波管的性能。本文考虑了损耗和加工所导致的圆角等因素,针对交错双栅结构提出了一个更切实际的设计。仿真结果表明该行波管在320GHz到342GHz频率范围内能获得大于5W的输出功率。此外采用了相速跳变方法来提高输出功率,在整个工作频带内输出功率都得到了大于28%的提升。在此基础上加工了340GHz交错双栅慢波结构并开展了冷测实验,在330GHz到360GHz范围内盒型窗的S21测试结果大于-2.1dB且电压驻波比在334GHz到355GHz范围内小于1.35。同时对包含盒型窗部件的高频系统进行了冷测,其电压驻波比测试结果在335GHz到344GHz范围内均小于2,且该冷测结果与仿真结果之间趋势基本一致。