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Abstract This paper proposes an improved means of estimation for the residual capacity of lead‐acid batteries used in electric vehicles. The residual capacity of batteries in commercial products is usually indicated by the state of charge (SOC) of the battery set, in terms of the measurement of amp‐hours, or roughly an instant voltage. More practical and accurate SOC in the operation of electric vehicles must consider the original capacity when the battery is first installed, capacity deficiency due to high discharge rate, capacity dissipated in internal resistance, and correcting parameters for the battery aging process. The proposed estimation techniques include the amp‐hours measurement weighted by a correction function of various discharge rates, the transient open‐circuit voltage measurement to compensate for the energy dissipation from internal resistance, and the reset of parameters in the linear function of SOC and open‐circuit voltage for the aging effect. A monitoring circuit with a programmable logic chip is implemented, and the experimental results show that a more accurate indication of SOC is achieved using the modified estimation techniques, namely a weighted ampere‐hour measurement with transient open‐circuit voltage combined with the aging effect. 相似文献
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分布式多输入多输k~(Multiple.InputMultiple—Output,MIMO)声纳是一种通过MIMO技术规划时空信道来提高声纳探测性能的新型主动探测声纳体制。由于分布式MIMO声纳节点分布间隔大,水中声速较小,由各发射节点同步发射的测距信号将经过不同的时延到达目标,因此各接收节点测得的距离值分别对应于目标不同时刻的状态。常规的定位方法并没有考虑传播时延对测量值的影响,因而定位精度受到限制。提出了一种修正时延的扩展卡尔曼滤波方法(ModifiedExtendedKalmanFilter,MEKF)对分布式MIMO声纳系统中的移动目标进行跟踪。仿真结果表明,与常规的目标定位跟踪方法相比,该方法有定位精度高、收敛速度快、跟踪性能稳定的特点。 相似文献
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针对无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)计算量大的问题,提出一种加性超球体平方根UKF算法,即ASSRUKF算法.该算法通过引入加性非扩展形式减少状态维数,并采用超球体单形采样减少采样点的数量,有效降低了算法计算量;同时采用协方差阵的平方根代替协方差阵参加递推运算,以提高滤波算法的计算效率和数值稳定性.建立了加性噪声下基于微机械惯性测量单元和磁强计的无人机姿态模型,并采用ASSRUKF算法进行姿态估计.仿真结果表明,本算法的精度与UKF相当,而执行时间仅为UKF的36.8%,有效降低了算法的计算复杂度. 相似文献
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针对如何提高舰船的导航精度的问题,提出了一种Kalman滤波天文定位算法。该算法根据天文三角形理论,在确定的时间内,利用恒星的赤经、赤纬以及利用光电经纬仪(或其他测量设备)输出的高度角、方位角等信息实现天文定位,并建立了舰船动力学模型。采用稳健估计对Kalman滤波模型进行处理,解决了滤波模型中非零均值系统白噪声的处理问题。采用该Kalman滤波对恒星的高度角数据进行滤波,实验结果表明,噪声为1′时定位误差由0.041253°降低为0.010394°,该算法提高了测量精度,抑制了测量噪声,有效增强了天文定位的可信度。 相似文献
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We compare the performance of the Kalman filter (KF)-based and the minimum variance (MV) control algorithms for a zonal adaptive optics with a phase temporal prediction step included for effective compensation of the errors attributable to latencies in the system. The main goal is to evaluate the performance achievable by the computationally more expensive KF approach, which explicitly accounts for the atmospheric turbulence temporal behavior through a first-order autoregressive evolution model, and the simpler MV algorithm, with and without temporal prediction. For a representative example, the Gemini-South 8 m telescope multiconjugate adaptive optics system performance of the KF and the MV controllers has been compared with respect to their turbulence compensation capability. We show that the KF algorithm, as expected, shows superior performance to that of the MV algorithm, especially for extremely low sampling rates and large control latencies. We also show that for moderate control latencies the MV algorithm with a temporal prediction step added to it approaches the performance of the KF technique. 相似文献
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对地震等强动力荷载作用过程中结构损伤的发生发展过程进行识别,必须考虑结构行为的非线性。本文运用相对位移和相对速度的幂级数多项式表征结构恢复力模型,提出一种基于改进的容积卡尔曼滤波算法(Updated Cubature Kalman Filter, UCKF)和结构部分自由度上加速度响应时程的结构参数、未知响应及恢复力非参数化模型识别方法。以一个含磁流变阻尼器的多自由度数值模型为例,考虑20%的加速度响应测量噪声影响,识别出模型的结构参数、未知响应及阻尼力。并将本文方法所得结果分别与基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法、传统容积卡尔曼滤波算法及含记忆衰退的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法所得结果进行比较。对一个带磁流变阻尼器的四层剪切型框架模型进行激振试验,基于部分自由度上的加速度响应时程实测值,识别出结构参数、未知动力响应以及阻尼器阻尼力的非参数化模型,通过与实测结果的比较,验证了本文方法的可行性。 相似文献
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针对直接互相关被动时延估计法定位管道异常振动事件存在噪声干扰影响定位精度的问题,提出了基于三阶累积量及自适应滤波时延估计的管道异常事件定位方法。该方法对顺、反两路异常振动信号进行三阶自累积量和互累积量估计,抑制高斯相关噪声和对称分布噪声。然后利用自适应滤波时延估计算法对三阶自累积量和互累积量信号的时延进行迭代计算,在不依赖先验知识的情况下抑制非高斯相关噪声。经现场实验证明,该方法可以准确地对管道异常事件进行定位,对噪声具有很好的抑制作用,改善了直接互相关时延估计的性能。相对于直接互相关时延估计方法,相对定位误差由2.7%降低到0.6%,定位一致性提高了三倍,平均定位精度可达14m。 相似文献
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对于存在不同线谱成分的宽带信号而言,提取这些线谱成分进行恒定束宽波束形成,可以达到增强信号的目的。自适应陷波器(Notch滤波器)具有频率跟踪和相位估计的特性,基于此提出了一种自适应恒定束宽波束形成技术。对于基阵接收到的信号,以其各阵元之间的相位差为媒介,在Notch滤波器离线重构相移波束形成中提取"低频慢变化"的相位信息,对其进行补偿,使输出的重构信号具有"高频快变化"的相位信息,以此将不同频段的信号进行恒定束宽波束形成。以舰船辐射噪声为例,通过仿真和实验研究证实了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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在传统子结构拟动力试验基础上,提出采用隐性卡尔曼滤波器的自适应子结构试验方法,以减小由于数值子结构中相应构件的恢复力模型误差所带来的不利影响。在子结构试验过程中,在线识别试验子结构模型参数,实时更新数值子结构中相应构件的恢复力模型参数。快速准确的恢复力模型在线识别方法成为自适应拟动力子结构试验的关键,本文将试验子结构恢复力模型的模型参数作为试验子结构系统状态变量的一部分,采用隐性卡尔曼滤波器在线识别其模型参数。通过数值仿真检验采用隐性卡尔曼滤波器在线识别的自适应子结构试验方法性能。结果表明,本文所提出的自适应子结构试验方法具有很好的精度和较快的识别速度,试验结果较传统子结构试验结果有较大改善。 相似文献
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Shen-Shu Xiong Zhao-Ying Zhou 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2003,52(3):742-747
In this paper, adaptive filtering approaches of colored noise based on the Kalman filter structure using neural networks are proposed, which need not extend the dimensions of the filter. The colored measurement noise is first modeled from a Gaussian white noise through a shaping filter. The Kalman filtering model of colored noise is then built by adopting an equivalent observation equation, which can avoid the dimension extension and complicated computations. An observation correlation-based algorithm is suggested to estimate the variance of the measurement noise by use of a single layer neural network. The Kalman gain can be obtained when a perfect knowledge of the plant model and noise variances is given. However, in some cases, the difficulties of the correlative method and the Kalman filter equations are the amount of computations and memory requirements. A neural estimator based on the Kalman filter structure is also analyzed as an alternative in this paper. The Kalman gain is replaced by a feedforward neural network whose weight adjustment permits minimization of the estimation error. The estimator has the capability of estimating the states of the plant in a stochastic environment without knowledge of noise statistics. If the noise of the plant is white and Gaussian and its statistics are well known, the neural estimator and the Kalman filter produce equally good results. The neural filtering approaches of colored noise based on the Kalman filter structure are applied to restore the cephalometric images of stomatology. Several experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and good performances of the approaches. 相似文献
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《Generation, Transmission & Distribution, IET》2008,2(6):917-931
The state estimation of a 300 MW drum-type boiler is examined, using an unscented Kalman filter to improve estimation accuracy by preserving the nonlinearities of the boiler equations. The boiler is modelled by a system of differential state equations for the dynamics of the circulation loop and another set of partial differential equations for the heat exchangers such as the superheaters, reheater and economiser. These modelling equations are the results of first principle balance equations, which have a form that is unsuitable for the extended Kalman filter method because of errors between the linear and nonlinear propagation of the boiler states and the difficulties in obtaining the Jacobian of the state model for the propagation of model uncertainties. An unscented Kalman filter is used to circumvent this problem as it treats the system model as a black box. Filtering results from simulated plant data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the filter application. 相似文献
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为了有效抑制由质量不平衡引起的电主轴-刀具系统的不平衡振动,本文提出了一种基于最小方差的分块(FBLMS)自适应滤波的电主轴-刀具系统不平衡振动的主动控制方案,该控制方案中用来抑制振动的力源于无轴承电机径向磁悬浮力产生的原理。本文首先研究了双绕组感应型电主轴的结构及工作原理和径向控制力的模型,借助有限元法建立了感应型柔性电主轴-电主轴-刀具系统的动力学模型以及研究了FBLMS自适应滤波控制算法,设计了感应型柔性电主轴-电主轴-刀具系统不平衡振动的主动控制系统,通过有限元法来确定径向控制力的系数以及单边磁拉力的系数,研究了经典PID控制器以及FBLMS自适应滤波控制器对刀具端的不平衡振动的控制效果,结果表明采用FBLMS自适应滤波控制器对抑制电主轴-刀具系统端不平衡振动具有更佳控制效果。 相似文献
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提出了一种基于多模型自适应技术的信道估计方法.该方法通过设计动态信道模型库来覆盖未知信道的状态的改变,基于模型切换和动态规划(DP)进行模型变化检测及信道参数估计,从而在变化的信道环境中将有限个简单子集的估计算法有机地结合成一种在大信道范围内具有高度鲁棒性的信道估计器.仿真实验结果表明,此信道估计器比自适应信道估计器方法具有优势. 相似文献