两种不同加载方法下的混凝土剪切断裂过程对比研究

采用室内试验和数值模拟相结合的方法分析半边对称加载法和四点剪切加载法的联系与区别。首先对不同参数的半边对称加载试件和四点剪切梁分 别进行断裂过程试验,以研究其裂缝扩展形态和断裂韧度;然后通过扩展有限元方法对裂缝尖端应力情况进行分析。结果表明：半边对称加载试件裂缝尖端 剪切应力比垂直于预制缝的张拉应力大得多,裂缝沿着原预制缝方向扩展,断裂韧度与初始缝长无关,但随着试件长度的增加和高度的减小而增大;四点剪 切梁试件裂缝尖端存在大小相当的剪切应力和最大主应力,裂缝起于预制缝尖端,扩展到近加载点位置附近,断裂韧度与试件的几何尺寸无关,随着初始缝 长的增大和近加载点与预制缝截面距离减小而增大。     

含裂纹三点弯曲试样裂纹尖端应力状态分析

裂纹尖端的应力状态与构件的断裂性能关系密切,尤其是厚度方向应力的影响更为显著。含裂纹三点弯曲试样是材料断裂行为研究的一种常用模型,本文以含裂纹三点弯曲试样为模型对裂纹尖端的应力状态进行了有限元分析。分析结果表明,平面内应力σx和σy最大值均出现在距离裂纹尖端一定距离处,并随着加载的进行而向外移动;厚度方向应力σz在裂纹顶端数值为零,在缺口尖端附近存在一个最大值,平面应变系数的最大值超过0.5,接近0.6。     

岩石闭合裂缝的压剪断裂形态

介绍了对含闭合裂缝岩石试件在达到峰值压剪荷载时卸荷的裂缝断裂形态观察结果。结果表明,原有闭合裂缝已张开;裂缝尖端区域岩石晶粒已破碎,并可见碎粒剪切错动与偏转;次生裂缝组的走向与微裂区的形状呈不对称的桑叶状,与张开裂缝（切口）尖端岩石断裂形态相似;岩石压剪主剪断面沿该破裂区上部边界扩展。     

Effects of delamination in drilling glass/polyester composite

Considering failures during machinery processes such as drilling, a precautionary analysis involving delamination and the corresponding dissipated energy is required, especially for composite structures. In this context, because of the complexity of both the analysis procedure and experimental test setup, most studies prefer to represent mode I and III interlaminar crack propagation instead of that involving mode II. Therefore, in this study, the effect of mode II delamination and corresponding interlaminar crack propagation was considered during the drilling process of multilayered glass/polyester composites using both numerical and experimental approaches. In the experimental procedure, the mechanical properties of the glass/polyester specimens were obtained according to ASTM D3039. In addition, the interlaminar mixed-mode (I/II) loadings were determined using an ARCAN test fixture so that the fracture toughness of glass/polyester could then be identified. The mode II critical strain energy release rate (CSERR) was then obtained using an experimental test performed using an ARCAN fixture and the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). It was determined that the numerical approach was in accordance with the experiments, and more than 95% of crack propagation could be attributed to mode II compared to the two other modes.     

双钢板内填混凝土短肢组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了研究双钢板内填混凝土短肢组合剪力墙的抗震性能,进行了2层半单跨1/3缩尺试件的低周反复加载试验,分析了试件在循环荷载作用下的破坏机理、滞回性能、延性、刚度退化规律以及耗能能力。试验结果表明:双钢板内填混凝土短肢组合剪力墙滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力强,延性好,水平刚度较大;循环荷载作用下,连梁腹板首先屈服进入塑形,接着连梁两端翼缘、柱脚和剪力墙底部进入塑性;第2层连梁两端翼缘拉断,导致试件失效;剪力墙的线刚度远高于连梁的线刚度,水平荷载作用下连梁两端弯矩大,为结构的薄弱部位;为避免剪力墙自由边底部与梁连接部位发生破坏,在自由边处应设置边柱加强;试件达到峰值荷载时,顶点位移角为1/50;双钢板内填混凝土短肢剪力墙试件底层变形比2层小,耗能相对2层少;弹性范围内同一水平荷载作用下,连梁腹板的剪应变最大,边柱柱脚的正应变较大,剪力墙钢板的剪应变较小。ABAQUS 有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

三维岩样单轴压缩自由面剪应变率及位移分布数值模拟

以往FLAC对岩样变形、破坏进行数值模拟主要是针对平面应变二维问题,离三维岩样单轴压缩的试验条件还有不少差距。因此,本文采用FLAC-3D研究了三维岩样在单轴压缩及强烈端面约束条件下,自由面的剪切应变率、离面位移及面内位移的分布及演变规律,研究了自由面垂直对称轴上定点位移随时步的演变规律。在应力峰值之前及之后,本构模型分别取为线弹性及莫尔–库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型。计算表明:在应力–时步曲线的应力峰值之前,自由面上的剪切应变率由均匀向不均匀分布转变;在应变软化阶段,试样的变形由对称性向非对称性转变。通过分析各个自由面的剪切带图案发现,在试样内部形成了两个空间剪切带,其中一个更占优势。在试样变形的对称性丧失之前,三维离面及面内位移曲面是光滑的、平坦的;在对称性丧失之后,三维曲面已变得凹凸不平了。在剪切带的位置,面内位移有显著的改变。自由面垂直对称轴上的离面位移在应力–时步曲线应力峰值之前发生了分离,而水平及垂直位移–时步曲线转折于应力峰值稍后或应变软化阶段。从离面位移易于识别出试样破坏的前兆。此外,在应变软化阶段,随着时步的增加,还观测到了离面位移的三种不同的变化规律:基本保持不变、增加及降低(反弹)。     

MODE II AND MIXED MODE I-II ROCK FRACTURE RESEARCH

MODE II AND MIXED MODE I-II ROCK FRACTURE RESEARCH@于海勇$黑龙江科技学院!教授     

Experimental Determination of Softening Relations for Cement-Treated Sand

Three-point bending tests and plane strain compression tests were conducted to investigate tensile and shear failure in cement-treated sand. The bending test results were used to evaluate the tension fracture energy and crack opening displacements. From these results, the tension-softening relation was obtained using the energy balance approach. In the plane strain compression tests, the strain localization zone that occurs during a strain-softening process and the local displacements across the shear band were identified by an image analysis. The shear-softening relation and the energy consumed during the shear failure were estimated based on these local displacements. After the test, the shear bands that appeared on the specimen surface were observed with a microscope. This microscopic observation revealed the appearance of shear fracture zone and provided information on the thickness of the shear band. Moreover, we discussed the difference in the energies consumed by the tensile failure and the shear failure.     

自燃煤矸石砂轻混凝土单向叠合板的受弯性能

以混凝土组合形式及预制底板自燃煤矸石砂轻混凝土(SSC)的强度等级为变量,制作了5块SSC单向叠合板,通过静力加载试验,对其变形特征、破坏形态和裂缝开展情况进行了分析.结果 表明:5块单向叠合板表现出相似的变形特征;分形维数分析表明,适当提高预制底板SSC的强度等级,保证了叠合面不出现滑移;合理设计的半普通混凝土-半SSC和全SSC单向叠合板,均具有良好的整体性和较高的极限荷载,能够作为楼板使用.     

岩样单轴压缩塑性变形及断裂能研究

首先研究了应变软化阶段岩石试件轴向塑性变形。假设局部化开始于峰值强度而轴向塑性位移根源于局部化的剪切位移。剪切带的相对塑性剪切位移与应力水平及剪切带宽度有关，剪切带宽度由梯度塑性理论确定。剪切带的相对塑性剪切位移在轴向的分量为轴向塑性压缩位移。研究结果表明：剪切带倾角对相对应力-塑性变形曲线斜率有一定的影响；若剪切带倾角存在尺寸效应，不同高宽比试件的相对应力-塑性变形曲线不是一条严格直线，而是一个狭窄的区域，类似“马尾”。但是，剪切带倾角对相对应力-塑性变形曲线斜率的影响是有限的，峰后应力-塑性变形曲线的斜率基本上是常量，这与前人的一些试验现象相符。然后，研究了单轴压缩条件下岩石试件全部断裂能的尺度律。全部断裂能由峰前断裂能及峰后断裂能两部分构成。在峰值强度前，采用Scott模型描述了材料的非线性弹性特征，得到了峰前断裂能的解析解。结果表明：峰前断裂能与试件的高度有关。在峰值强度后，材料的剪切应力-塑性剪切应变的本构关系为线性应变软化，采用梯度塑性理论计算了由于剪切带塑性剪切变形而消耗的断裂能。目前提出的关于全部断裂能尺寸效应的解析解的正确性被前人的试验结果的线性回归结果验证。增加试件高度，全部断裂能增加。增加弹性模量，全部断裂能降低。若不考虑剪切带倾角及抗压强度的尺寸效应，全部断裂能存在尺寸效应的原因是：峰前的均匀塑性变形。     

Response of laminated plates to non-stationary random excitation

The response of composite laminated plates subjected to non-stationary random excitation is determined. First-order shear deformation theory is used for the analysis of symmetric cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply plates. The time-dependent component of the forcing function is taken as a product of a well-defined, slowly varying envelope function, and a noise function, assumed to be white or narrow-band random excitation.     

新型混凝土结构加固修补材料的研究

研究了两种复合材料的预浸热压成型工艺 ,对制备的单向复合材料进行了力学性能试验研究 ,并利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)对层间剪切试样断口进行了观察与分析     

类岩石脆性材料非闭合裂纹的Ⅰ-Ⅱ压剪复合型断裂准则研究

实际工程中,结构体裂纹常处于拉剪和压剪复合受力状态,研究适合于复合型裂纹的断裂准则和裂纹扩展机理具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。以Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹为研究对象,基于线弹性理论,在考虑裂纹几何特征及受力形式的基础上,系统介绍了裂纹应力强度因子（SIF）的理论解。提出了适用于Ⅱ型断裂的径向剪应力准则和双剪应力准则。对于Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹,提出用等效Ⅰ、Ⅱ型SIF比值与Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧度比值的关系判定裂纹断裂类型,并分别选择适合于Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂的断裂准则,计算了裂纹断裂扩展理论角度。理论断裂角与预制非闭合裂纹类岩石脆性材料压剪断裂试验结果符合得较好。     

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区受力性能试验研究

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁由混凝土板和矩形钢管混凝土桁架组成,在竖向荷载作用下,其正弯矩区可充分发挥混凝土板和桁架的组合作用,但负弯矩区的力学性能较为薄弱且受拉混凝土板容易开裂。针对这一问题,提出了在负弯矩区混凝土板施加预应力以及布置局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉相结合的组合桁梁结构形式。采用跨中施加反向集中荷载模拟连续梁支点反力的方法,对2榀承受负弯矩的矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁进行了静力加载试验,对其荷载-位移关系、裂缝发展规律、混凝土板应变分布、桁梁荷载-应变关系、钢与混凝土界面滑移及承载力进行了分析。还根据组合桁梁的简化力学模型对不同加载阶段的结构特征荷载进行了讨论。结果表明：采用局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉和混凝土板施加预应力的组合桁梁结构形式可有效提高其抗裂性能,但对受弯承载力影响较小;在加载过程中混凝土板的开裂和杆件的屈服导致结构塑性变形增大,最终节点处焊缝撕裂,组合桁梁丧失承载力;由简化力学模型计算得到的结构特征内力与实测值吻合较好,可为矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区的设计和计算提供参考。     

Deformation and failure characteristics of sandstone under uniaxial compression using distributed fiber optic strain sensing

This paper investigates the deformation and fracture propagation of sandstone specimen under uniaxial compression using the distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) technology. It shows that the DFOSS-based circumferential strains are in agreement with the data monitored with the traditional strain gage. The DFOSS successfully scans the full-field view of axial and circumferential strains on the specimen surface. The spatiotemporal strain measurement based on DFOSS manifests crack closure and elastoplastic deformation, detects initialization of microcrack nucleation, and identifies strain localization within the specimen. The DFOSS well observes the effects of rock heterogeneity on rock deformation. The advantage of DFOSS-based strain acquisition includes the high spatiotemporal resolution of signals and the ability of full-surface strain scanning. The introduction to the DFOSS technology yields a better understanding of the rock damage process under uniaxial compression.     

双向荷载作用下方钢管混凝土柱-组合梁空间节点抗震性能试验研究

完成3个方钢管混凝土柱-组合梁空间节点模型的抗震性能试验,重点研究不同加载路径下空间组合节点的受力特征、滞回性能和破坏机理,比较平面加载组合节点和空间加载组合节点的受力特征,分析双向加载作用的耦合关系。结果表明,双向受力对钢管混凝土柱-组合梁节点的承载力、变形、延性以及刚度、强度退化等性能有较大影响;与平面内加载的组合节点相比,双向加载条件下空间组合节点的承载力最多可降低20%,延性降低10%;由于双向荷载的相关作用,梁变形在总变形中所占的比例有所降低,而柱变形及节点域剪切变形所占的比例增大,在节点核心区受剪设计时应考虑双向受力的不利影响。     

Estimation of cracking and damage mechanisms in rock under triaxial compression by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission

In highly stressed conditions, the excavation damaged zone induced by stress redistribution and disturbance must be evaluated after tunnel excavation. Therefore, the deformation and fracture characteristics of rock must be investigated. In this study, the fracture and damage mechanisms of rock induced by the accumulation of microcracks were investigated by moment tensor analysis, as well as by the moving point regression technique, both of which were applied to acoustic emission (AE) and strain data obtained from triaxial compression tests. Damage thresholds before the peak strength of rock under triaxial compression were determined by the moving point regression technique using acoustic emission data. The results showed that damage thresholds, except the crack closure stress, increased linearly with confining pressure. The results of the moment tensor analysis showed that shear failure was a major microscopic failure mechanism of rock under triaxial compression. In addition, shear failure became more dominant as the confining pressure increased. In this analysis, the expression of the damage magnitudes in each AE source as relative crack volumes leads to accurate prediction of macroscopic failure mechanisms, as well as major failure planes in the rock. In addition, the orientation of the macroscopic failure plane could be estimated by the orientational distribution of microcracks.     

千枚岩碎屑土三轴试验剪切带扩展性状的CT研究

土体剪切带的产生和发展是岩土工程界一直关注的问题。对千枚岩碎屑土进行了固结排水剪切试验,并在试验过程中采用CT可视化技术进行了实时监测扫描,得到同一断面位置不同应变条件下的系列CT切片,从CT切片中可观测到试样随应变的增加而出现的明显的剪切带。采用CT技术真实再现了三轴试样在轴向力作用下,局部裂纹扩展逐渐贯穿形成完整剪切带的过程。对CT切片进行了7个区域的CT数平均值和CT数标准差统计,分析认为,轴向应变在3%~10%范围内是剪切带形成和发展的主要阶段,在应变3%前试样主要被压缩,在应变3%后试样在偏应力的作用下逐渐出现微裂隙,并随应变的增加,微裂隙越来越明显。CT数统计值出现微裂隙的应变和宏观观测到微裂隙的应变不对等,在判断剪切带微裂隙出现应变上建议以CT数统计值为准值。     

加载速率对岩石动态断裂韧度影响的实验研究

为了获得岩石在高加载速率作用下的动态断裂韧度值并分析加载速率的影响,由分离式霍普金森压杆入射杆杆端附加劈尖及其基座对边切槽圆盘试样施加动态劈裂载荷。把应变片粘贴在裂纹尖端附近获得裂纹扩展时间;将劈裂载荷时间历程及裂纹扩展时间输入有限元计算模型,获得试样的起裂动态断裂韧度值。结果表明,在加载速率18.85×104MPa.m1/2s-1以下,大理岩的动态断裂韧度值随着加载速率的增大而上升,但上升趋势逐渐减弱。断裂韧度数值在高加载速率下呈现出明显的离散性。     

带螺栓连接的组合钢板联肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了研究带螺栓连接的组合钢板联肢剪力墙结构的抗震性能,对1个1∶4缩尺的5层带螺栓连接的组合钢板联肢剪力墙试件进行了恒定轴压力下的水平低周往复加载试验,分析试件在循环荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、耗能能力等,得到结构的受力特征和破坏机理。研究结果表明:剪力墙墙肢以弯曲破坏为主,钢连梁以剪切破坏为主;滞回曲线无明显的捏缩效应;试件的承载力略高于理论承载力;平均延性系数为2.39,破坏时的位移角介于1.88%～1.94%之间;结构体系通过钢连梁的剪切变形和墙肢底部的塑性铰变形来耗散能量,能够明显改善带螺栓连接的组合钢板联肢剪力墙的抗震性能,实现了连梁-墙肢双重设防机制。