聚乙二醇修饰对P3HT/ZnO复合膜形貌和光学性能的影响

首先选用聚乙二醇(PEG)对水热法合成的粒径约200nm的ZnO球进行表面钝化,考察了PEG分子量、用量对ZnO薄膜形貌及光学性能的影响和PEG的能级结构;然后采用聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)和最优参数PEG修饰前、后的ZnO纳米球共混旋涂来制备P3HT/ZnO复合膜,利用原子力显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、荧光光谱分析仪考察PEG钝化修饰对复合膜形貌及光学性能的影响。结果表明,采用相对分子质量为6 000、用量为5%(质量分数)的PEG修饰ZnO时,制备的ZnO薄膜均一性最好;PEG修饰的ZnO与P3HT具有良好的能级匹配性;P3HT与PEG修饰后的ZnO形成的复合膜表面规整且缺陷较少,而且在可见光区的光吸收作用增强,荧光猝灭现象加剧,表明PEG修饰增加了ZnO和P3HT的接触面积,促进了界面间的电荷转移。     

PbS量子点/ZnO纳米片复合膜的制备及其光电化学性能

通过两步法合成PbS量子点(QDs)修饰ZnO纳米片复合膜. 首先利用电化学法在掺氟的SnO₂导电玻璃(FTO)上生长ZnO纳米片, 然后在ZnO纳米片上通过逐次化学浴法沉积PbS量子点形成PbS/ZnO复合膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)详细表征了样品的表面形貌和晶体结构, 并研究了PbS/ZnO复合膜作为量子点敏化太阳能电池光阳极的紫外-可见吸收谱、光电化学性能和表面光电压谱. 对比ZnO纳米片经PbS量子点修饰前后, 发现PbS量子点修饰后光阳极的光吸收和光伏响应均从紫外区拓宽到了可见光区, 同时光电化学性能有了显著提高, 短路电流密度从敏化前的0.1 mA/cm²增加到0.7 mA/cm², 效率由0.04%增加到0.57%. 与单一ZnO纳米片相比, PbS/ZnO复合膜的表面光伏响应强度明显增强, 说明PbS与ZnO之间形成了有利于光生电荷分离的异质结, 从而导致了PbS/ZnO复合膜光电性能的增加.     

碳纳米管接枝聚乙二醇负载ZnO的制备与表征

利用聚乙二醇接枝的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT-g-PEG)作为介质,在低温下,通过溶胶-凝胶法在PEG修饰后的MWNT表面负载花瓣状的纳米氧化锌(ZnO)。通过X射线衍射、红外波谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜对MWNT-g-PEG/ZnO纳米复合材料进行表征和分析。结果表明ZnO纳米粒子和MWNT之间结合紧密,ZnO的尺寸比较均一,推测了ZnO纳米粒子在MWNT表面的生长机理。MWNT表面的PEG对ZnO的负载起着重要的作用,它是ZnO原位生长的活性点。     

CdS/ZnO核壳结构纳米微粒的合成及其发射光谱研究

采用单分子前驱体热分解的方法合成了单分散CdS纳米晶,以CdS纳米晶作为核,在CTAB辅助下,对其表面进行修饰,荧光光谱表明CdS/ZnO核壳结构被成功合成。考查了温度对包覆的影响,结果表明,随着温度的升高晶体结晶越好,包覆越来越完全,ZnO包覆在CdS纳米晶的表面而掩盖了CdS纳米晶的缺陷,使得缺陷发光减弱而带隙发光增强。     

ZnO/TiO_2纳米管的制备及光降解性能研究

采用水热法合成TiO2纳米管,在碱性条件下与乙酸锌的无水乙醇溶液反应,得到表面负载ZnO的TiO2复合纳米管(ZnO/TNTs),并研究了复合纳米管在紫外光照射下对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能。通过透射电镜(TEM)、电子衍射能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对所合成的材料进行了表征。结果表明,TiO2纳米管管径约5~10nm,管长约0.1~1μm;经ZnO表面修饰后,纳米管的结构没有发生明显变化,且ZnO粒子呈六方晶系纤锌矿结构均匀分散在纳米管的外表面,粒径约为6nm;光谱分析表明,ZnO/TNTs的吸收光谱有明显红移;且ZnO/TNTs的光催化活性较锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粉末、ZnO纳米粉末和TiO2纳米管有显著提高,且其光催化性能重复性好。     

ZnO/E-51复合涂料上超疏水表面的制备

采用ZnO和环氧树脂机械搅拌制备ZnO/E-51复合涂料,通过真空袋压、室温固化成型,再通过化学刻蚀与表面修饰,在ZnO/E-51复合涂料上制备出超疏水表面。采用扫描电镜和动/静态接触角分析仪,表征表面的形貌和疏水性。结果表明化学刻蚀在复合涂料表面构建了具有微-纳米尺度二元粗糙结构;采用1%(质量分数)的硬脂酸修饰,可改变复合涂料表面微-纳米尺度二元粗糙结构,影响表面的疏水性能,当修饰时间为30min时,其表面与水的平均接触角最高达152.21°。     

Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点掺杂玻璃的光学性质及研究进展

由于量子限域效应,尺寸可调的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点掺杂玻璃在光学滤波片、非线性光学器件上的应用已经被广泛研究。玻璃中量子点的光学性质主要由量子点的尺寸、表面状态和周围基质环境决定,通过提高Se/Cd比可以有效地对量子点的表面缺陷进行钝化,实现CdSe量子点的本征发光;进一步调整热处理制度可以促进Zn离子扩散进入CdSe量子点表面,形成CdSe/Cd_(1-x)Zn_xSe核壳结构,使得缺陷发光几乎完全猝灭,从而提高量子点的荧光量子效率;在玻璃中原位合成的CdS/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光量子效率可达到53%。随着基础研究中玻璃中Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点荧光效率的不断提高,发光二极管(LED)等小型发光器件的制造成为可能。为了满足实际需要,建立核壳结构中量子点表面钝化机理模型,进一步优化量子点荧光效率是下一步需要解决的问题。     

表面修饰聚乙二醇粒子的非等温结晶过程

采用乙基纤维素对聚乙二醇（PEG）粒子进行表面修饰,通过对修饰后PEG粒子和未修饰PEG粒子进行差示扫描量热（DSC）测试,研究PEG材料尺寸对非等温结晶过程的影响.结果发现：表面修饰PEG粒子在球晶生长碰到皮材时结晶结束,而未修饰PEG粒子在球晶生长一段时间后相互碰撞挤压直到填满所有空隙后结晶才结束;表面修饰后结晶半时间和结晶最快时间变短;表面修饰PEG粒子和未修饰PEG粒子在尺寸小于400μm时,表面修饰PEG粒子的结晶峰峰位向高温移动.     

Co/Co_9S_8/ZnO核壳结构纳米微球的制备与表征

在无水无氧条件下通过热分解还原制备Co纳米微粒,利用Co9S8和ZnO晶格的相匹配性,通过层层自组装对Co表面进行修饰,得到Co/Co9S8/ZnO核壳结构纳米微球.采用XRD、TEM、SQUID、光致发光光谱(PL)等对产物进行了表征.通过调节反应参数制备出核壳结构的Co/Co9S8/ZnO复合纳米微球,平均粒径58.8nm,壳层厚度均匀,常温下显示铁磁性,矫顽力为18.7kA/m.PL表明,产物在380~390nm处的带边跃迁不明显,光致发光最强峰在468nm处,属氧缺陷发射峰,研究了影响产物形貌的主要因素.结果表明,以油酸(OLA)及三正辛基氧化磷(TOPO)为溶剂和表面活性剂,Zn(acac)2温度为70℃、用量为1mmol,控制Co的硫化反应时间为5min,有利于核壳结构产物的形成.初步分析了Co/Co9S8/ZnO核壳结构纳米微球的形成机理.     

高氧空位氧化锌晶体的制备及光催化性能

利用气相沉积法,在低氧气氛下制备高缺陷的ZnO晶体。分别将样品在800℃、900℃、1000℃下通氧退火1h,对ZnO晶体做表面修饰。PL光谱实验和光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验表明ZnO晶体的氧空位、表面态和光催化活性间存在内在联系。1000℃下退火的样品表面缺陷程度多于800℃和900℃下退火样品,光催化活性也优于后两者。     

Deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on calcite and studies on their optical properties and photocatalytic activity

ZnO nanoparticles have been deposited on calcite via a simple chemical method and their optical properties and photocatalytic activity have been investigated. The ZnO nanoparticles were deposited on calcite by pre-treatment of the calcite surface with zinc acetate followed by ZnO deposition. Pre-treatment of the calcite was found to be necessary for the uniform deposition of ZnO nanoparticles. Various deposition parameters such as concentration of the reagents and deposition time were investigated. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles on calcite exhibit quantum size effect. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the samples show the near band edge emission due to ZnO nanoparticles and also the emission due to defect centers. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine-B was carried out using the ZnO nanoparticles deposited calcite and the performance is comparable with that of free ZnO nanoparticles.     

ZnO/CdS复合纳米粒子的热分解合成及发光性能

设计了简单的化学反应路线,在表面活性剂PEG400存在下通过简单的前驱体热分解反应合成了ZnO/CdS复合纳米粒子,其直径在4~10nm之间。前驱体则通过室温固相反应获得。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM))对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征。同时,对产物的光致发光性能(PL)作了测试。结果表明:ZnO/CdS复合纳米粒子在380 nm处有一个较弱的归因于近带隙发射的发光峰,550 nm处较强的发射峰来自于由氧空位形成的深浅表面态所捕获的电子-空穴对的复合。另外,对它们的形成机理进行了简单的探讨。     

Fast one-step synthesis of ZnO sub-microspheres in PEG200

ZnO sub-microspheres were synthesized via a new, simple, and one-step method by using zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor and PEG200 as a solvent and modifier. The effect of temperature (160–210 °C) on the crystallization, surface morphology, and luminescence properties of ZnO spheres was investigated using different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and room temperature photoluminescence. The results show that the ZnO crystal has a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The products have monodispersed spherical morphology with diameters in the range of 200–600 nm. They have intensive UV emission peaks at ~380 nm and relatively weak and broad green peaks at ~550 nm. The PEG200 molecules adsorb on the surface of ZnO spheres. On the basis of the experimental results, a mechanism was proposed to elucidate the formation of ZnO sub-micron spheres.     

Enhanced and stable green emission of ZnO nanoparticles by surface segregation of Mg

The effects of Mg addition on the emission of green photons from ZnO nanoparticles were studied. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) data demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles with surface segregation of MgO (ZnO:MgO) were precipitated from colloidal reactions between Zn(2+),Mg(2+) and OH(-) ions suspended in ethanol. The photoluminescence emission spectra showed stronger green emission from suspended ZnO:MgO versus ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO:MgO also exhibited a stable green emission colour, which was slightly red-shifted from 495 to 520?nm with 168 days of ageing. It was postulated that the presence of MgO on the surface of ZnO prevented both the aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles via electrostatic stabilization of the suspension, and the formation of non-radiative recombination states on the surface, resulting in more intense, stable photoemission from ZnO. The red shift of the green emission from suspended ZnO nanoparticles with extended ageing was attributed to filling of radiative surface trap states in the bandgap.     

Performance of Eu2O3 coated ZnO nanoparticles-based DSSC

To provide an inherent energy barrier between the electrode and electrolyte interface, the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles has been modified by Eu₂O₃ layer. The synthesis of ZnO, Eu₂O₃ coated ZnO nanoparticles have been carried out by chemical precipitation method and solvothermal treatment. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD and the diffraction plane (222) of Eu₂O₃ detected, demonstrating the existence of Eu₂O₃ on the surface of ZnO, which is further verified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The strong quenching in photoluminescence emission, in case of Eu₂O₃/ZnO nanoparticles, has been attributed to the decrease in recombination rate of photo-generated electron–hole pairs. Compared to ZnO electrodes, Eu₂O₃ coated ZnO electrodes adsorbed more dye. The photoelectrochemical properties of the Eu₂O₃/ZnO electrodes have been found to improve and the energy conversion efficiency increase from 0.44 to 1.45 % under the illumination of simulated light of 100 mW/cm².     

Blue luminescence from carbon modified ZnO nanoparticles

In this work, a novel method was used to prepare carbon modified ZnO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were coated with a layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) by γ radiation firstly, and then the coated nanoparticles were annealed in air. The polymer was burned and carbon was left on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. A stable blue luminescence peak (~420 nm) can be observed for the carbon modified ZnO nanoparticles. The carbon modified ZnO nanoparticles were also investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The origin of the blue emission was discussed. The blue PL is related to the left carbon. This novel method also can be used to prepare other carbon modified nanoparticles.     

Structure and Optical Behavior of Nanocomposite Hybrid Films of Well Monodispersed ZnO Nanoparticles into Poly （vinylpyrrolidone）

We fabricated an inorganic-polymeric photoluminescent thin film based on ZnO nanoparticles, which were grown directly in the poly（vinylpyrrolidone） （PVP） matrix. The microstructure, composition, thermal stability, and the temperature-dependent photoluminescence of the thin film were investigated. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） results indicated that all the ZnO nanoparticles with a polycrys talline hexagonal wurzite structure were well separated from each other and were dispersed in the polymeric matrix homogeneously and randomly. Raman spectrum （Raman） showed a typical resonant multi-phonon process within the hybrid thin film. The shifts of infrared bands for PVP in the hybrid film should be attributed to strong coulombic interaction between ZnO and polymeric matrix. The stability of the hybrid film and the effect of the perturbation of ZnO on the stability were determined by means of the thermogravimetric analysis （TG） and differential thermal analysis （DTA）. The ultraviolet-visible adsorption （UV-vis） showed distinct excitonic features. The photoluminescent spectrum （PL） of the ZnO nanoparticles modified by PVP molecules showed markedly enhanced ultraviolet emission and significantly reduced green emission, which was due to the Perfect surface passivation of ZnO nanoparticles. Temperature dependent photoluminescent spectrum studies suggested that the ultraviolet emission was associated with bound exciton recombination.     

Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study

In this study, we investigate the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles with various particle sizes. ZnO was prepared by the base hydrolysis of zinc acetate in a 2-propanol medium and also by a precipitation method using Zn(NO₃)₂ and NaOH. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Bacteriological tests such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion were performed in Luria-Bertani and nutrient agar media on solid agar plates and in liquid broth systems using different concentrations of ZnO by a standard microbial method for the first time. Our bacteriological study showed the enhanced biocidal activity of ZnO nanoparticles compared with bulk ZnO in repeated experiments. This demonstrated that the bactericidal efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles increases with decreasing particle size. It is proposed that both the abrasiveness and the surface oxygen species of ZnO nanoparticles promote the biocidal properties of ZnO nanoparticles.     

Structural and optoelectronic characterization of prepared and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles

This paper briefly reports the structural and optoelectronics properties of prepared pure and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles. Doping with suitable elements offers an efficient method to control and enhance the optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles, which is essential for various optoelectronics applications. Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles have significant concern due to their unique and unusual electrical and optical properties. In the present work, we report the synthesis of Sb doped ZnO successfully with average particle size range from 26 to 29 nm via direct precipitation method. The phase purity and crystallite size of synthesized ZnO and Sb doped nano-sized particles were characterized and examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analyses of undoped and doped ZnO nanoparticles were examined by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX).We investigated and measured the optoelectronics properties of synthesized ZnO and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles by employing photoluminescence and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The influence of Sb doping on photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO nanoparticles, which consists of UV emission and broad visible emission band, is found to be strongly dependent upon the Sb concentration for all the Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles samples under investigation. The UV–Visible absorption study shows an increase in band gap energy as Sb is incorporated on the ZnO nanoparticles.     

Synthesis,characterization and studies on optical properties of hierarchical ZnO–CdS nanocomposites

Cadmium sulfide coated zinc oxide hierarchical nanocomposites have been synthesised at room temperature by a simple solution based method. CdS nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of ZnO without using any surfactant, ligand or chelating agents. The nanocomposites were synthesised using different concentrations of thioacetamide, cadmium salts, and also by varying the reaction time. After characterization of the nanocomposites, optical properties were investigated by UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques. It was found that band gap of the ZnO–CdS nanocomposites is tunable between 2.42 and 3.17 eV.