Optimum design of a multilayer interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using reluctance torque

The report analyzes the results of experiments done with an inverter drive interior permanent‐magnet (IPM) motor. We examine results of both FEM (finite element method) simulation and experiments using a prototype motor with identical conditions set for stator and magnet volume. The results indicated that with magnets implanted inside the rotor, the values for the d‐axis inductance of the motor remained roughly the same, unaffected by the shape or number of layers. However, the q‐axis inductance exhibited significant change. This research report compares an IPM motor having two layers of permanent magnets with a motor having a single layer. The dual layer shows a 30% or greater increase in torque using the same current. These results indicate that this motor is especially effective for such applications as robots, plant machinery, compressor motors, and electric vehicles. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(1): 64–72, 1999     

车用永磁同步磁阻电机转子的优化设计

永磁同步磁阻电机充分利用磁阻转矩,有效提高了电机功率密度和降低电机成本。本文首先对永磁电机的磁阻转矩影响因素进行分析,建立了3种不同结构转子模型,利用二维有限元法对电机的重要参数进行了计算和对比分析。综合比较后,对其中一种转子结构进行了优化,通过调整直轴和交轴磁路,提高了电机磁阻转矩的比例及弱磁性能。     

Machine parameters and performance of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors with different permanent magnet volume

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used for several industrial applications. Some applications such as electric vehicles and compressor drives require a constant power operation. The operating limits and the constant power speed range deeply depend on the machine parameters. The relationships between the motor parameters and the operating performance have been theoretically examined. This paper examines the performances of the prototype synchronous motors, where the stator structure and the rotor structure of all motors are the same. The permanent magnets are inserted into the rotor slits and the volume of the permanent magnet is adjusted to control the magnet‐flux linkage. The effects of adding the magnet to the rotor on the machine parameters and the operating performance are examined based on the various experimental results. The prototype motor has flexibility as to speed versus power performance by adjusting the volume of the permanent magnet. The theoretical results with respect to the operating limits and the motor parameters are also confirmed experimentally. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(4): 70–77, 2000     

Trend of permanent magnet synchronous machines

The performance of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) has improved rapidly by the progress in elemental technologies such as electromagnetic material technology, computer‐aided design technology, control technique, and drive circuit technology, and thus PMSMs are attractive as high‐performance machines in various fields. This paper describes the recent technology and the trends in PMSMs. To begin with the PMSMs are classified by the ratio of magnet torque to the reluctance torque and their features described, then the trend of the motor design and the electromagnetic material for highly efficient PMSM is shown. The technologies that help to reduce the vibration and noise are also described, and the recently developed PMSMs for traction drive application are introduced. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

内置式永磁同步电机的效率最优直接转矩控制

为提高内置式永磁同步电机驱动系统的运行效率,提出了一种内置式永磁同步电机的效率最优直接转矩控制方法。在建立计及定子铁心损耗的内置式永磁同步电机模型的基础上,分析了电机损耗与转矩、转速和定子磁链的关系,导出了不同运行工况条件下效率最优定子磁链幅值的计算式。通过动态调节定子磁链给定值,实现了内置式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统的效率最优控制。实验结果表明,给出的优化控制策略在保持直接转矩控制快速动态响应特性的同时,可有效提高电机的运行效率。     

大功率永磁辅助同步磁阻牵引电机磁极优化

永磁牵引系统是下一代轨道交通的发展方向,但高速惰行、带速重投和匝间短路等难题阻碍了永磁牵引的应用,永磁辅助同步磁阻电机是解决上述难题的最佳选择。总结了永磁辅助同步磁阻电机的设计方法,设计了3层U型磁障大功率牵引驱动电机,给出了各层磁障对应的极弧系数和磁障张角以及永磁体最佳尺寸比。提出用偏心气隙结合不均匀磁桥对磁极结构进行优化。发现气隙比为1.63时,抑制转矩脉动的效果最佳;而不均匀磁桥不仅可以降低转矩脉动,还使转子的机械强度得到提高。对所设计的380 kW永磁辅助同步磁阻牵引电机的分析表明,所提出的方法可有效地降低转矩脉动。     

Technical evolution of permanent magnet synchronous motors for home appliances

This paper reports on the highly efficient motor technologies used in home appliances in Japan. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is especially suitable because the use of permanent magnets does not require any extra current to produce magnetic power in the rotor, or any other kind of energy. In Japan, there has been a rapid shift from induction motors to PMSMs, and in this paper we will show several examples of PMSMs as applied to the home appliance field. It can be seen that great improvements have been made in high‐efficiency motor technologies. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一种削弱永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩的方法

为了研究实心转子永磁同步电动机的削弱措施,结合永磁电机永磁体极弧系数和永磁体不对称放置的方法,提出了一种仅改变实心转子非磁性槽楔的齿槽转矩削弱方法.通过非磁性槽楔的变化改变一个磁极的极弧宽度,其余磁极宽度不变,同时保持各个非磁性槽楔的宽度相同,通过合理的选择槽楔的形状和宽度,可以非常有效地削弱齿槽转矩.通过解析法研究了采用该方法后实心转子永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩的表达式,得到了永磁体剩磁平方的傅立叶分解表达式.据此得到了磁极的两种极弧宽度和磁极间距大小与齿槽转矩的关系式和磁极极弧宽度的确定方法.该方法仅改变了槽楔的形状,对电机结构影响较小,且合适极弧宽度组合较多,有限元验证表明该方法可有效地削弱齿槽转矩.     

（23期已送排）表面式永磁同步电动机新型转矩控制

永磁同步电动机的反推控制通常采用电流作为虚拟变量,不适用于转矩需要精确跟踪的场合。本文介绍了一种以转矩和磁链为虚拟变量的反推算法,可以使永磁同步电动机输出转矩和负载转矩的差值在全局范围内快速收敛于零,并且在忽略粘滞摩擦的情况下,控制变量将不受负载的转动惯量变化的影响。该方法适用于负载转矩和转动惯量经常变化的场合,具有一定的参考价值。     

永磁同步电机直接转矩控制不合理转矩脉动

针对永磁同步电机直接转矩控制转矩脉动问题,依据永磁同步电机直接转矩控制理论,建立了永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统模型,并分析了电压矢量对转矩的作用,得出以下结论:当定子磁链幅值与转矩角变化矛盾时,一定条件下转矩变化与定子磁链幅值的变化一致;此时传统开关表选择的电压矢量对转矩的实际作用与系统期望值相反,从而产生了不合理的转矩脉动.仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

Recent technical trends in permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper presents an overview of the recent technical trends in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), especially the rare earth (RE)‐less PMSMs that have been developed in Japan. The RE‐less PMSMs, along with PMSMs with reduced RE permanent magnets (PMs), PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMASynRM) with ferrite PMs, spoke‐type interior PMSMs (IPMSMs) with ferrite PMs, and axial‐gap PMSMs with ferrite PMs, are reviewed. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

永磁同步电机转矩脉动和振动噪声抑制

抑制转矩脉动和振动噪声是设计永磁同步电机的难点之一。通过对永磁同步电机齿槽转矩形成机理进行分析,考虑极弧系数和大小极磁极结构对齿槽转矩的影响。基于等效面电流法对永磁同步电机的气隙磁场进行建模。采用粒子群算法优化了永磁同步电机的极弧系数,利用大小磁极结构配置方式,降低了气隙电磁力谐波对转矩脉动幅值影响较大的阶次,从而实现抑制电机齿槽转矩的目标。将永磁体优化前后的转矩脉动和噪声幅值进行对比表明,该方法可有效地降低永磁同步电机的转矩脉动和振动噪声。     

永磁感应子式无刷直流电动机的转矩特性研究

针对永磁感应子式无刷直流电动机的定转子齿结构和绕组的排列对转矩特性的影响,从特定电机结构的磁导计算出发,推导出永磁感应子式无刷直流电动机的参数表达式,分析了电机的参数特征对转矩工作特性的影响。实验及分析表明,采用等效磁路和实际测量相结合的方法．可以预测永磁感应子式无刷直流电动机的电磁转矩和齿槽定位力矩特性,为电机的转矩控制提供理论依据。     

永磁同步电机最小损耗的直接转矩控制

针对面装永磁同步电机(PMSM),提出一种最小损耗的十二扇区直接转矩控制(DTC)策略.利用PMSM的铜损和铁损模型,求得最优励磁电流,然后给出最优的定子磁链指令值ψs*.仿真实验说明,与传统的直接转矩控制策略相比,新策略不仅提升运行效率,而且保持良好的性能.     

永磁同步电机低脉动直接转矩控制建模与仿真

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)中转矩脉动过大的问题,基于电机的电磁转矩和转矩角之间的函数关系,建立了一种新的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制数学模型.该模型通过控制转矩角实现正圆形定子磁链矢量轨迹,有效地减小转矩脉动;通过将转矩角增量直接映射为三相逆变器电子开关的导通时间,避免了磁链工作扇区判别以及电压空间矢量调制(SVM)技术中复杂的数学和逻辑计算.采用Matlab进行软件仿真表明,上述算法可以实现圆形定子磁链矢量轨迹,1N·m输出转矩时的转矩脉动不超过0.5%,在抑制转矩脉动、改善电机转子的动态性能方面具有良好的效果.     

永磁同步电机直接转矩控制高速运行范围拓宽

为拓宽直接转矩控制(direct torque control,DTC)方式下永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motors,PMSM)系统的高速运行范围,系统地分析了PMSM系统在最大转矩电流比、恒功率转速比和最大转矩电压比3种运行方式下的特点.根据DTC稳定运行要求,提出了基于转矩角限幅的空间矢量调制(space vector modulation,SVM)-DTC方法,拓宽了PMSM的高速稳定运行范围.其次利用定子磁链定向两相同步旋转坐标系下PMSM的数学模型,提出了基于改进转矩给定的DTC方法.仿真研究表明,改进方法均保留了DTC固有的动态性能优异、计算方便等优点,均可拓宽PMSM的高速运行范围.其中,基于改进转矩给定的DTC方法可使电机在同时满足电流和电压限幅的状态下实现高速稳定运行,性能更优.     

Optimum design approach for low‐speed,high‐torque permanent magnet motors

This paper presents an optimum design approach for low‐speed, high‐torque permanent magnet motors. The approach is divided into two steps: the first consists of the rough estimation of torque by linear analysis, and the second the optimization of the motor configuration by nonlinear FEM analysis. Under restricted dimensional specifications and electrical requirements, a 16‐pole, 18‐coil permanent magnet motor with a rating of 600 Nm and 300 rpm was designed and constructed. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(4): 52–63, 2001     

基于磁极分段优化的内置式永磁同步电机齿槽转矩削弱方法

内置式永磁同步电机的齿槽转矩会带来转矩脉动、电机控制精度变差、振动与噪声等一系列的问题,因此采取有效的削弱齿槽转矩措施至关重要。采用解析计算分析了永磁体径向分段对齿槽转矩的影响,在此基础上提出了一种改进的永磁体分段方法,从而有效地减少永磁体分段后对电机的反电动势和输出平均转矩等性能的影响。此外,基于改进的永磁体非均匀分段方法,还提出了一种永磁体不等厚非均匀分段来削弱齿槽转矩的新方法,并采用有限元法对永磁体均匀分段、非均匀分段和不等厚非均匀分段3种方法进行仿真验证和对比分析。仿真结果表明,采用永磁体不等厚非均匀分段方法的齿槽转矩削弱效果最佳。     

一种多相永磁同步电动机的最佳转矩控制

根据电机学的基本理论，建立了多相永磁同步电动机在定子静止坐标系及转子旋转坐标下的通用数学模型，该模型为多相永磁同步电动机的控制和特性分析建立了良好的基础。在电动机实际工作的电压和电流约束条件下，提出了多相永碰电动机的一种最佳转矩控制方法，该方法能够使电动机在给定的控制电流下获得最大的输出转矩。以9相电动机为例，利用Matlab建立了调速控制系统的仿真模型，仿真结果证明了建立的数学模型是合理的，提出的控制方法是行之有效的。     

基于模糊零矢量永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

针对传统永磁同步电机直接转矩控制中的转矩脉动问题,对传统直接转矩控制中产生转矩脉动的机理、零矢量在永磁同步电机直接转矩控制中的作用进行了详细分析.通过采用带零矢量的模糊控制器代替传统的滞环比较器,构建了一种基于模糊零矢量的永磁电机直接转矩控制方法,实现了永磁同步电机磁链和转矩的协同控制,将磁链偏差和转矩偏差进行合理的模糊分级,有效地抑制了转矩脉动,同时保持了直接转矩控制的响应速度快和鲁棒性强的优点.仿真和实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.