Characteristics on PWM CSI-induction motor drive system with utility interactive photovoltaic generation

This paper proposes a PWM current source inverter-induction motor drive system with photovoltaic generation. Solar cells are inserted in dc link to obtain constant current characteristics. They are connected to the utility system with a PWM converter. The PWM converter is controlled to obtain the maximum output photovoltaic (PV) power. The PWM inverter supplies sinusoidal currents for an induction motor, which is driven by constant V/f control. A pulsewidth control is utilized in the inverter section because of constant dc link current caused by peculiar V-I solar cell characteristics. In the system proposed here, the PV power is not only used for inverter-induction motor drive but it also flows into the utility system. The experimental results in steady state show that the proposed system has sinusoidal current with unity power factor in the utility system, the maximum output PV power and sinusoidal current/voltage for a motor. The demonstrated results for the separation of the utility system or the motor from the converter-PV-inverter system are given. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (2): 79–87, 1997     

三相无变压器型H7光伏逆变器漏电流分析抑制

对于无变压器非隔离型光伏逆变器,其漏电流的大小与逆变器的调制策略有关。以三相无变压器非隔离型H7光伏逆变器为研究对象,针对传统正弦脉宽调制SPWM(sinusoidal pulse width modulation)直流电压利用率低的问题,采用线电压PWM控制的方法。通过开关之间的逻辑关系,提出一种改进型的线电压PWM控制方法,研究了H7光伏逆变器在SPWM、线电压PWM和改进型线电压PWM 3种控制方式下的漏电流及输出电压波形。最后,通过MATLAB仿真研究,验证了所提控制方法的正确性和可行性。     

Modeling,control and analysis of cascaded inverter based grid-connected photovoltaic system

This paper proposes a vector controlled isolated source cascaded two-level inverter (CTLI), for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The system is controlled to operate with variable solar irradiance, supplying different levels of active power. The PV systems are designed, modeled and tested with the proposed controller, to provide maximum power output. Additional operation as a reactive power supplier, in the absence of solar radiation, is also tested. A simple sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used, instead of referred space vector PWM (SVPWM) technique, for the operation. Two different schemes have been considered to operate the inverter with equal and unequal DC-link voltages. The control scheme has been found working, for both active and reactive power supply in steady state and transient conditions. The power supplies of both the schemes are analyzed. The controller performance is found to be satisfactory for both the schemes to extract maximum power at the considered working conditions.     

A single-phase inverter system for PV power injection and active power filtering with nonlinear inductor consideration

This paper proposes a single-phase two-wire inverter system for photovoltaic (PV) power injection and active power filtering (APF) with nonlinear inductor consideration. The proposed system can fully or partially perform APF, process PV power, eliminate harmonic currents, improve power factor, and take into account the nonlinear effect of its output filter inductor. In the system, even though only the utility current is sensed, both APF and maximum power point tracking features can be still achieved, reducing the number of current sensors and cost significantly. To prevent output current from exceeding switch ratings, inverter current is properly controlled through a current estimator and a defined limit circle. A self-learning algorithm is also proposed to determine nonlinear inductance, which can increase the accuracy of the estimated current. Simulations and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed PV inverter system and the algorithm.     

基于无差拍控制的两级式单相光伏并网逆变器的研究

对单相高功率因数PWM整流器进行了建模,研究了数字化无差拍控制的算法。提出了一种无差拍电流控制策略,并将其用于两级式单相光伏并网逆变器的控制。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能使光伏发电系统实现最大功率输出,能准确、快速地跟踪电网电压,且功率因数接近1,因而可推广应用于光伏发电领域。     

A suitable single-phase pulse width modulation current source inverter for utility interactive photovoltaic generation system

A suitable single-phase inverter for the utility interactive photovoltaic generation system is proposed. The single-phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) current source inverter has a novel circuit configuration in which an auxiliary branch is added to the normal single-phase bridge circuit. To reduce the size and weight of the dc reactor, a double frequency parallel resonance circuit (LC tank circuit) is inserted in the dc side of the inverter. As a result, the double frequency voltage appearing in the dc side of the inverter due to the pulsation of the single-phase instantaneous power is perfectly suppressed by the tank circuit. The constant dc current without pulsation is supplied from PV array to the inverter. The inverter provides a sinusoidal ac current for domestic loads and the utility line with unity power factor. The virtual maximum power of the PV array can be obtained without any feedback control. In the system, the PV array can play an important role as a current-limiter due to its V-I characteristics. Computed waveforms by simulation are shown. Excellent inverter equipment will be realized that is smaller in size and lighter in weight than is usual for a conventional inverter.     

一种新型光伏并网逆变器控制策略

分析了导抗变换器的特性，详细推导了整个系统各点电压、电流，提出一种新颖的三角波-三角波调制方法，该控制策略克服了采用传统正弦波-三角波调制方法带来的并网电流谐波含量高、功率因数低的弊端。将导抗变换器和光伏并网逆变系统有机结合在一起，利用导抗变换器的电压源-电流源变换特性，将光伏电池阵列的直流电压变换为正弦包络线的高频电流，经过高频变压器隔离和电流等级变换，得到的高频电流再经过高频整流桥及工频逆变器逆变后并入电网，实现了电流源并网。相对传统的电流源型并网发电系统，采用该方法不仅省去了串联电感，而且用高频变压器取代了工频变压器，有利于实现装置小型化和降低成本。另外，利用电网电压过零信号控制工频逆变器，保证了并网电流和电网电压同步，进一步提高系统功率因数，实现正弦电流并网。通过实验证明了该控制策略的可行性，该方法非常适合分散式家用光伏并网发电系统。     

Dynamic modeling of DC–DC converters with peak current control in double‐stage photovoltaic grid‐connected inverters

In photovoltaic (PV) double‐stage grid‐connected inverters a high‐frequency DC–DC isolation and voltage step‐up stage is commonly used between the panel and the grid‐connected inverter. This paper is focused on the modeling and control design of DC–DC converters with Peak Current mode Control (PCC) and an external control loop of the PV panel voltage, which works following a voltage reference provided by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. In the proposed overall control structure the output voltage of the DC–DC converter is regulated by the grid‐connected inverter. Therefore, the inverter may be considered as a constant voltage load for the development of the small‐signal model of the DC–DC converter, whereas the PV panel is considered as a negative resistance. The sensitivity of the control loops to variations of the power extracted from the PV panel and of its voltage is studied. The theoretical analysis is corroborated by frequency response measurements on a 230 W experimental inverter working from a single PV panel. The inverter is based on a Flyback DC–DC converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) followed by a PWM full‐bridge single‐phase inverter. The time response of the whole system (DC–DC + inverter) is also shown to validate the concept. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PV Power Injection and Active Power Filtering With Amplitude-Clamping and Amplitude-Scaling Algorithms

This paper presents a half-bridge single-phase two-wire (1phi2W) photovoltaic (PV) inverter system that can perform both active power filtering and real power injection. In the proposed system, it needs only two active switches, reducing cost significantly. In addition, output current of the inverter can be controlled to prevent switches from exceeding their current ratings. Thus, power rating of the inverter can be effectively used and power quality can be improved. For controlling inverter output current, an amplitude-clamping algorithm and an amplitude-scaling algorithm are proposed, which can determine inverter current command without needs of complicated calculation. Simulations and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed PV inverter system and the two current control algorithms     

A power compensation and control system for a partially shaded PV array

The power–voltage and current–voltage characteristics of a PV array change with the variation of insolation and temperature. In particular, the output power of a PV‐panel block consisting of series‐PV modules inevitably goes down due to partial shading caused by peripheral obstacles. This results in a significant reduction of the total output power from the PV power generation system where a couple of PV blocks are parallel to the DC terminal of interactive inverter because of mismatch of the optimum operating voltages between the PV blocks. In this paper, we propose a power conversion system to compensate the output power of a partially shaded PV array. The proposed system can control the output power of the PV array on a PV block basis, which contributes to a more efficient and simpler implementation of the PV power compensation system than that by individual controls of PV modules using DC–DC converters. In addition, inverter DC voltage is appropriately controlled so that the maximum output power from the overall PV array can be obtained. Then, the feasibility of the system is investigated and verified from the simulation and experimental results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(3): 74–82, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10203     

Optimal power control strategies for neutral point clamped (NPC)inverter topology

A programmed pulsewidth modulation (PWM) technique for selectively eliminating several lower-order harmonics at the output of a neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter topology is investigated. The switching function approach is utilized to derive relevant analytical expressions for input/output variables. A thorough evaluation of the NPC inverter topology based on the switching function approach is described. Optimal power control strategies for an NPC inverter employing programmed PWM patterns are proposed. For a constant-frequency variable-voltage NPC inverter power supply, the proposed strategy is to maintain a minimum specified total harmonic distortion employing a low-output impedance filter. In the case of an NPC inverter powering an AC motor drive, the proposed strategy is to maintain a minimum specified harmonic current factor. The proposed power control strategies are achieved without substantial increase in inverter switching frequency and are therefore suitable for high-power applications employing gate-turn-off-thyristor (GTO) type devices     

基于IMC多机传动系统的控制策略研究

针对传统交直交变换器多机传动系统中间直流环节存在大电感或大电容而使其体积大,笨重等的问题,采用了一种新颖的基于间接矩阵变换器IMC的多机传动系统电路拓扑。其结构紧凑,体积小,重量轻;整流级采用两段式PWM调制策略,可获得单位功率因数的正弦输入电流,多个逆变级均采用空间矢量调制,实现各个逆变级的独立控制,获得不同频率和幅值的正弦电压。在这种调制策略的基础上,分析了零矢量重叠PWM分布方式对输入输出性能的影响,它可以实现整流级电路的零电流换流,减少了逆变级的开关次数,极大地降低了开关损耗,提高了变换器的效率。仿真结果表明:采用零矢量重叠的调制策略可以减少输出电压电流的谐波含量,能够有效改善传动系统的动态和稳态性能。     

改进SVPWM在直驱型风电并网控制中的仿真研究

目前大功率直驱永磁同步发电系统和三相PWM逆变器控制正成为风力发电技术研究的热点。主要针对直驱风电系统中网侧逆变器控制进行研究,为减小并网逆变器输出电流中的谐波,采用空间矢量脉宽调制技术;为维持直流环节电压的恒定和使输出电流快速跟踪给定电流,实现单位功率因数并网,采用电压外环、电流内环双闭环结构控制风电并网。给出一种改进SVPWM调制方法,可以消除偶次谐波,降低输出波形畸变率,并且分别采用传统SVPWM和改进SVPWM调制方法对风电系统的有源逆变部分进行了仿真,结果验证了改进SVPWM控制方法的可行性和有效性,从而为实践中完成较高电能质量风电并网提供理论基础。     

具有无功补偿功能的单级式三相光伏并网系统

随着光伏发电技术的推广应用,具有无功补偿功能的光伏并网系统对于减轻电网负担、改善供电质量具有重要意义.本文提出了一种具有无功补偿功能的单级式三相光伏并网系统.该系统实时检测太阳能电池输出电压和电流、电网电压和负载电流,在实现太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT)的同时,还能够实时补偿本地负载的无功电流.由于采用了改进的干扰观测法,MPPT算法的稳定性得到了改善;在逆变控制中应用了单周期控制(One-Cycle Control, OCC)PWM算法,从而提高了控制精度,减小了输出电流的纹波含量.文中给出了仿真和实验结果,验证了设计的合理性.     

不平衡电网电压下光伏并网逆变器滑模直接电压/功率控制策略

不平衡电网电压下,光伏并网逆变器的输出功率和输出电流都将产生波动,给电力系统的稳定运行造成不利影响。根据光伏并网系统的数学模型,提出了光伏并网逆变器基于滑模控制的直接电压/功率控制策略。该控制策略可在电网电压不平衡时有效抑制并网逆变器输出有功功率和无功功率的波动。根据光伏并网逆变器输出功率和正、负序电流的关系,提出了以消除负序电流为控制目标的改进控制策略。此外,为提高系统的运行性能,提出了功率电流协调控制策略。最后,对所提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了所提出控制策略的有效性。     

基于交-直-交型矩阵变换器的多驱动系统的控制策略

在交-直-交型矩阵变换器(AC-DC-AC MC)的基础上，提出了一种新型的多驱动系统拓扑电路及其控制策略。拓扑电路由一个整流单元和多个逆变单元组成，多个逆变单元接在同一直流母线上，可以同时驱动和控制多路负载。PWM整流控制可以获得单位输入功率因数的正弦PWM波输入电流。在多个逆变单元中采用空间矢量调制，可以分别获得不同频率和幅值的正弦PWM波输出电压；同时通过合理插入零矢量，实现输入侧零电流换流。仿真实验结果证实了文中所提出理论的正确性。     

风力发电系统中PWM并网逆变器的研究

针对风力发电系统的特性,设计了与电网并联的PWM逆变器控制系统,该系统采用电流瞬时值反馈控制,直接以电网电压同步信号为逆变器输出电流跟踪指令,通过对网侧电流的闭环跟随控制,实现以单位功率因数向电网馈送电能。对系统的稳定性进行了分析,实验结果证明了该逆变器控制系统的可行性和正确性。     

基于DSP的光伏水泵变频调速系统

介绍一种基于DSP的光伏水泵变频控制系统.利用空间矢量PWM算法实现对光伏阵列母线电压动态补偿的功能,保证在光伏阵列工作电压大范围变化条件下,变频驱动电机满足恒磁通调速控制.同时结合光伏水泵系统的工作特点,提出了一种简单实用的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪控制方式,稳定可靠地实现了系统的最大功率点跟踪控制.     

Z-源逆变器在光伏发电系统中的应用

Z-源逆变器由于采用独特的X型Z-源网络,可以利用逆变器桥臂直通状态实现升压功能,从而使单级Z-源逆变器具有与两级并网系统相类似的性能。该文论述基于Z-源逆变器的光伏并网系统在变换效率、可靠性以及成本方面的优势,提出了一种新的单级Z-源逆变器并网系统两级控制策略, 该控制策略实现了MPPT控制和逆变器并网控制,使Z-源光伏并网系统能够动态跟踪光伏电池最大功率点电压,输出电流与电网电压同相位,从而达到较高的功率因数。软件仿真和实验分析证明了该控制方法具有优良的动、静态特性,适合各种变化的天气情况。     

基于混合型算法的光伏发电系统低电压穿越控制策略

针对两级光伏发电系统在电网电压跌落时,易出现并网逆变器直流侧过电压和交流侧过电流的问题,提出一种基于混合型算法的光伏发电系统低电压穿越（low voltage ride through,LVRT）控制策略。首先,该策略通过模型电流预测控制,使逆变器并网电流在对称与不对称故障情况下均可快速跟随参考指令,且输出设定的对称电流,解决交流侧过电流问题。其次,基于并网点（point of common coupling,PCC）电压的跌落程度及自适应非最大功率跟踪（non maximum power point tracking,Non-MPPT）算法,调节前级Boost变换器占空比,进而降低光伏阵列输出功率,抑制故障过程中并网逆变器交、直两侧功率失衡而导致的直流侧母线过电压,并通过引入直流电压反馈项,消除不对称故障时直流电压二次谐波分量。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真系统,验证所提控制算法的正确性与有效性。