Effect of hexanal vapor on the growth of postharvest pathogens and fruit decay

ABSTRACT:  The effect of the natural volatile hexanal was studied as an antifungal agent on the major postharvest fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea , Monilinia fructicola , Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Alternaria alternata, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides . The antifungal effect of hexanal vapor was dependent on concentration and treatment duration, but sensitivity of the pathogens varied. All spores of B. cinerea and M. fructicola were killed after exposure to 900 μL/L for 12 h at 20 °C, and almost all were killed after a 24-h exposure to 450 μL/L. Only moderate numbers of spores were killed at a concentration of 200 μL/L. Mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum on agar was completely inhibited after a 12-h exposure to 900 μL/L, but only slight inhibition occurred at 450 μL/L and none at 200 μL/L. Mycelium of A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides appeared more sensitive, with strong inhibition occurring after a 12-h exposure at 450 μL/L. Similar trends in spore viability and mycelial growth were observed at 7 °C. The antifungal effect of hexanal vapor was further tested on raspberry fruit naturally infected with B. cinerea and on peach fruit inoculated with spores of M. fructicola . Decay was markedly reduced in raspberry and almost completely controlled in peach after exposure to 900 μL/L hexanal vapor for 24 h. The potential of hexanal for postharvest decay control is discussed.     

水溶性壳聚糖涂膜处理对采后绿芦笋贮藏品质的影响

研究了0.50%的水溶性壳聚糖(WSC)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)分别对在2℃贮藏条件下采后绿芦笋的涂膜保鲜。通过感官品质、失重率、抗坏血酸含量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、总酚含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)等生理生化指标的测定,以未经处理的绿芦笋为对照。结果表明:经0.50%的CMC和WSC进行涂膜处理,均可有效地降低芦笋的失重率,维持其硬度,延缓其抗坏血酸和叶绿素营养物质的消耗。而且CMC处理可以明显抑制绿芦笋总酚含量的下降及其PPO、POD和SOD活性的变化,其感官品质也明显优于对照组,使绿芦笋的贮藏时间延长至35 d。     

晚熟桃采后褐腐病致病菌的分离鉴定及拮抗菌对其防治效果的研究

为了明确晚熟桃采后褐腐病的主要致病菌以及拮抗菌对其防治效果,以晚熟桃品种\     

不同冷藏处理对蟠桃生理品质的影响

为提升蟠桃(Prunus perisica L.)果实冷藏品质,研究了将蟠桃直接置于0℃和预贮6℃5 d后结合不同包装处理(对照、气调包装、气调包装结合乙烯吸收剂)后置于0℃贮藏期间果实品质变化。结果表明,与其他处理相比,预贮结合自发气调及乙烯吸收剂处理可以保持蟠桃果实糖酸及硬度,可以有效维持果实较低的呼吸强度,提高果实中可溶性固形物含量,显著(p<0.05)降低果实腐烂率。      

一氧化氮对采后水蜜桃果实衰老和清除自由基酶系影响

为研究一氧化氮(NO)处理对采后水蜜桃果实衰老和清除自由基相关酶的影响,分别采用0、5、10、20和30μL/L的NO气体熏蒸水蜜桃,然后置于20℃下贮藏10 d。结果表明:10μL/L的NO处理可有效地抑制水蜜桃果实软化。对自由基清除酶系影响研究表明,NO处理提高了贮藏期果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)活性,保持了较高抗坏血酸(ASC)含量。因此,适宜浓度(10μL/L)的NO处理能提高桃果实清除自由基酶系能力,抑制膜脂过氧化并保持细胞膜完整性,进而改善贮藏品质。      

Physiological responses and quality attributes of table grape fruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage

The effects of preharvest chitosan spray (PCS) or/and postharvest chitosan coating (PCC) treatments on the quality and physiological response of table grape fruit stored at 20 or 0 °C was evaluated, respectively. PCS/PCC treatment showed the best control effect on decay. PCC or PCS/PCC treatment significantly decreased the weight loss of fruit stored at 20 °C. Additionally, all chitosan treatments inhibited the increase in rate of soluble solid content to titratable acid in fruit, stored at 20 °C, while enhancing the rate at 0 °C and affecting the content of total phenolic compounds in the fruit. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase decreased in all chitosan treatments and PCS or/and PCC treatments also changed the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The results indicated the beneficial effect of chitosan by preharvest spray and/or postharvest coating on fruit quality and resistance to fruit decay.     

Evaluation of peach and nectarine fruit quality and correlations between sensory and chemical attributes

Sensory attributes and chemical composition in peach and nectarine fruits of nine different cultivars were evaluated and compared. The cultivars investigated in the research were: ‘Maria Marta’, ‘Romestar’, ‘325 × A/8’, ‘224 × A/13’, ‘V × S/4’, ‘Bea’, ‘Maria Aurelia’, ‘Venus’ and ‘Spring Red’. In sensory evaluation the ‘Maria Aurelia’ was the highest rated, and the ‘224 × A/13’ was the lowest. The cultivars ‘325 × A/8’, ‘224 × A/13’, ‘V × S/4’ and ‘Spring Red’ were poor in sugars; however, the ‘Spring Red’ was rich in organic acids. Similarly, the ‘Maria Aurelia’ and ‘Venus’ fruits had higher contents of organic acids and were also rich in sugars. Furthermore, the relationships among sensory and chemical attributes of fruit quality were studied. The sensory evaluations of sweetness, taste, and aroma were well correlated with some chemically measured attributes of peach and nectarine quality: sweetness was influenced by citric acid, shikimic acid and sugars/organic acids ratio; aroma was correlated with total organic acids, sucrose, sorbitol and malic acid; taste was related to malic/citric acid ratio, total sugars, sucrose, sorbitol and malic acid. The results of the research indicate that sensory evaluation provides a good tool in the quick assessment of peach and nectarine fruit quality. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of foliar sprays containing calcium,magnesium and titanium on peach (Prunus persica L) fruit quality

Sprays containing Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ or Ti⁴⁺ were applied to peach trees in several combinations. Effects of treatments on the commercial quality of fruits, especially focused on improving their mechanical properties, are discussed. All treatments containing titanium increased tree performance (branch elongation, flowering and fruit set intensities) and fruit size. At harvest, fruits from Ti‐treated trees showed improved resistance to compression and penetration, as well as a decrease in weight loss during postharvest storage. A similar response was obtained for external colour, though all treatments seemed to delay somewhat the apparent ripening status. Nevertheless, fruits from Ti‐treated trees showed better behaviour in the evolution of colour parameters during storage than did control fruits. Titanium application showed significant increases in iron, copper and zinc concentrations in the peel and calcium concentration in the peel and flesh. This improvement in calcium absorption is explained as a consequence of the beneficial effect of titanium on the absorption, translocation and assimilation processes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

BTH诱导采后桃果实抗病性反应对其贮藏品质的影响

以"大久保"水蜜桃果实(Prunus persica(L.)Batsch cv.‘OkuBa’)为试材,研究了0.2 g/L BTH处理诱导的桃果实抗病性反应对其贮藏品质影响。实验结果表明:0.2 g/L BTH处理可有效诱导桃果实在20℃贮藏期间的SAR反应,促进抗病相关酶几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性以及总酚含量的上升,从而有效控制了果实贮藏期间P.expansum导致的青霉病的发展;但BTH处理诱导的SAR反应同时显著降低了桃果实在贮藏期间的乙烯峰值以及葡萄糖和蔗糖含量,并可抑制总黄酮、总花色苷和类胡萝卜素的积累,从而导致果实出现后熟及次生代谢产物合成速度减慢等不良症状。由此推测,BTH诱导的SAR抗病性反应对采后桃果实来说是一个不可逆的物质和能量消耗过程,可能会影响果实后熟品质的形成。     

采后蛋氨酸处理对桃果实青霉病及活性氧代谢的影响

以桃果实为材料,研究了采后不同浓度蛋氨酸处理对损伤接种桃果实扩展青霉（Penicillium expansum）病斑扩展的影响,根据病斑直径的大小筛选出能够有效抑制桃果实青霉病的最佳浓度,并以最佳浓度处理桃果实分析对活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,15 mmol/L蛋氨酸对P.expansum的抑制效果最好,并且处理显著（p≤0.05）提高了桃果实中抗坏血酸（AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量;谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性也显著提高,同时提高了H₂O₂含量。由此表明,采后蛋氨酸处理可以通过调节桃果实体内活性氧代谢来提高果实对青霉病的抗性。      

壳聚糖涂膜处理对沙糖桔采后生理及品质的影响

目的研究壳聚糖涂膜处理对沙糖桔(Shatang mandarin)采后生理及品质的影响。方法常温条件下(20±2)℃采用0.5%、1.0%和1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理,每4 d取一次样品,分别对沙糖桔果实的腐烂率、呼吸强度、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C含量进行测定。结果与对照组相比,不同质量分数的壳聚糖涂膜处理均能有效抑制沙糖桔果实腐烂率的上升,延缓呼吸强度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量的下降。其中,1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理对维持沙糖桔果实采后生理及品质的效果更显著。结论常温条件下,1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理适用于沙糖桔果实的贮藏保鲜。     

不同浓度1-PentCP处理对芒果常温贮藏生理品质的影响

研究了不同浓度（1、5、50μL/L）的环丙烯类乙烯效应抑制剂1-PentCP（1-pentylcyclopropene,1-戊基环丙烯）常温（20±2）℃熏蒸处理20h对芒果果实（Mangifera indica L.）贮藏生理和品质的影响。结果表明,1-PentCP熏蒸处理能明显抑制果实的呼吸强度并延迟呼吸高峰的出现时间,延缓果实硬度、可滴定酸含量的下降和MDA（丙二醛）、SSC（可溶性固形物）含量的上升,并降低POD（过氧化物酶）、PPO（多酚氧化酶）酶的活性。说明1-PentCP处理能有效延缓芒果的后熟和衰老,抑制芒果贮藏期间品质的下降,其中以50μL/L1-PentCP的效果较佳。      

采后热水和乙醇处理对枸杞鲜果腐烂的控制及品质的影响

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壳聚糖涂膜处理对猪腰枣保鲜效果的影响

研究了采用1.0%、1.4%和1.6%浓度的壳聚糖涂膜处理武隆猪腰枣后,在1℃,相对湿度90%的条件下的保鲜效果。结果表明:1.4%壳聚糖涂膜处理有效地延缓了武隆猪腰枣果实硬度、Vc及可溶性固形物含量的下降,在贮藏末期(60d)时,各检测指标均明显优于对照组,并有效地抑制了细菌和降低了烂果率,较好地保持了猪腰枣贮存期的品质。     

黄桃超声波辅助酶法去皮工艺优化及其品质分析

以金童5号黄桃为原料,采用超声波技术辅助酶法进行去皮,以感官评分为评价指标,经单因素试验和响应面试验优化,确定超声波辅助酶法去皮最优条件,并对最优工艺得到的黄桃与普通酶法去皮黄桃进行品质比较。结果表明:当超声波功率450 W、酶解温度45℃、酶解时间35 min、酶质量浓度0.31g/100 mL、酶液pH 3.5、黄桃与酶液料液比1∶3(g/mL)时,黄桃去皮效果最好,其感官评分最高。研究结果证明采用超声波辅助法,可以提高酶解效率和改善酶法去皮黄桃的品质:硬度提高40%,咀嚼指数提高121%,酶用量减少38%、酶解时间缩短12%。     

水杨酸处理对采后桑葚生理生化特性的影响

研究不同浓度水杨酸(0、0.5、1、1.5、2mmol/L)处理对桑葚果实贮藏期间生理生化特性的影响。实验结果表明:水杨酸处理桑葚果对维持果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、硬度、色彩饱和度和维生素C含量有较好作用,显著提高了贮藏期间果实的总花色苷含量和DPPH自由基清除率,综合而言,1.5mmol/L水杨酸处理桑葚效果最优。      

CaCl2处理对草莓采后品质及灰霉病害的影响

选用CaCl2溶液处理新鲜草莓,研究其对草莓采后品质的影响及对贮期灰霉病的抑制作用.研究结果表明CaCl2处理具有较好地保持采后草莓品质的能力,尤其是经10％浓度CaCl2处理的草莓果实在贮藏期间品质最好.CaCl2处理还可以抑制灰葡萄孢的菌丝生长与孢子萌发,并显著地降低草莓果实贮藏期间灰霉病的发病率,且该抑菌效果与CaCl2使用浓度呈正相关.此外,CaCl2处理会影响草莓果实抗病相关物质的含量.经10％、5％浓度CaC12处理的草莓果实在贮藏早期(1d)其木质素含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均显著地高于对照;而在贮藏中后期(6～12d和9～12d),其过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性也均显著地高于对照.由此可见,CaCl2处理可以诱导采后草莓抗病性相关物质的积累并进而提高草莓果实对于灰霉病的防御能力.     

采前翠贝喷洒及采后壳聚糖涂膜对厚皮甜瓜低温贮藏期间冷害及品质的影响

厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)对低温敏感,在低温条件下贮藏易发生冷害,导致果实品质下降,货架期缩短。本实验以\