W型Ba0．8La0．2Co2Fe16O27微波吸收材料的制备与表征

采用柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备了稀土W型六角铁氧体Ba0.8La0.2Co2Fe16O27粉晶,用DSC-TGA、FT-IR、XRD、SEM分析了样品的形成过程、微观形貌、粒径和晶体结构,根据微波矢量网络分析仪测试的样品在2～18GHz微波频率范围的电磁参数计算了电磁损耗角正切及微波反射率.研究结果表明, 煅烧2h能得到单一的W型相Ba0.8La0.2Co2Fe16O27 ;晶粒为六角块状结构,大小均为200nm左右;Ba0.8La0.2Co2Fe16O27样品厚度为1.9mm时,12GHz位置处吸收峰为16.2dB,10dB频宽为4.0GHz;微波吸收主要由磁损耗引起.     

铁氧体Ba(Zn_(1-x)Co_x)_2Fe_(16)O_(27)/环氧树脂复合材料吸波性能

采用化学共沉+高温助熔工艺制备了铁氧体Ba(Zn(1-x)Cox)2Fe16O27粉体,然后用模压法制备了铁氧体粉体/环氧树脂复合材料板,采用同轴电缆法测定了复合材料的电磁参数。研究表明,随着铁氧体中Co含量增加,铁氧体主相由BaZn2Fe16O27转变成Ba-Co2Fe16O27,材料磁损耗逐渐加强,复合材料与空气的电磁匹配特性在频率低于12GHz时较好。然后将M-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料置于铁氧体粉体/环氧树脂复合材料前端组合成多层复合材料结构,复合材料板与空气的电磁匹配性能和吸波性能都有很大提高。数据如下:当复合材料结构中x=0.75铁氧体吸波层厚度为2.0mm,结构总厚度5.3mm时,复合结构反射系数R的绝对值在2～8GHz时4dB、在8～18GHz时10dB的吸波性能。     

PVP的添加对BaZn_2Fe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体吸波性能及其机理的影响

采用sol-gel法制备W型BaZn2Fe16O27铁氧体,借助XRD、SEM和网络分析仪等手段研究了PVP的添加对样品的电磁性能及吸波机理的影响。结果表明,添加PVP制备BaZn2Fe16O27铁氧体并不改变其物相组成,但是片状颗粒的厚度由1μm增加到5μm左右。添加2%PVP制得的样品在10~18 GHz频率范围内的相对输入阻抗更接近于1,并且在10~17 GHz频率范围内的磁损耗能力增强。通过适量添加PVP制备BaZn2Fe16O27铁氧体可以改善其吸波性能,其反射损耗峰值由-15.7 dB增加到-19 dB。     

铁氧体/石墨复合吸波涂层的微波吸收性能

本文将固相法制备的磁损耗型Ba0.9Sm0.1Co2Fe16O27铁氧体与电损耗型石墨相结合,通过测试两者的电磁参数,采用YRcomputor软件模拟计算了双层复合吸波涂层的反射率。结果表明：铁氧体/石墨复合吸波涂层在2～8 GHz频段有较好的吸波性能;其中,下层为含量80 wt%的Ba0.9Sm0.1Co2Fe16O27,厚度1.5 mm,上层为10 wt%的石墨,厚度1.5 mm时,该复合涂层表现出优良的微波吸收特性,反射率损耗RL〈-10 dB时,带宽约为3 GHz（3.5～6.5 GHz）,最大吸收值约为-27 dB。     

铁氧体/碳复合吸收剂的水热法制备及电磁性能研究

采用固相法制备BaZn2Fe16O27铁氧体,将其与葡萄糖溶液混合水热反应,得到铁氧体/碳复合粉体。通过XRD、SEM等表征手段,研究了复合粉体的物相组成、显微结构,并用网络分析仪分析了不同水热反应温度下复合粉体的电磁特性。结果表明,葡萄糖在水热反应后发生碳化,接枝在片状铁氧体表面,得到了铁氧体/碳复合吸收剂;与单一的铁氧体相比,在2～18GHz频段内,复合粉体的磁损耗有所增加,介电损耗明显增加;在水热反应温度为160℃时,复合粉体的介电损耗值达到最大,介电损耗和磁损耗在2～18GHz频段内出现多个损耗峰,有利于电磁波的吸收,并且拓宽了吸波频带,增加了其电磁性能,使得吸波效果进一步增加。     

离子掺杂对W型钡铁氧体电磁特性的影响

研究了六角晶系W型铁氧体Ba(Zn1-x Cox)2Fe16O27中Co2+离子掺杂量对产物电磁参数的影响。采用溶胶—凝胶自蔓延燃烧法制备了不同Co2+离子掺杂量的铁氧体产物,利用微波网络矢量分析仪在X波段范围内选取8.2GHz、10.0GHz和12.4GHz三个典型频率对不同产物的动态电磁参数进行了测量和分析。研究表明:铁氧体在各频率下的介电损耗变化是由于随着Co2+离子含量的增加带来的电偶极子极化和界面极化造成的;铁氧体的磁损耗是由于Co2+离子含量的增加,W型铁氧体的磁矩从优方向由单轴过渡到平面,磁晶各向异性场的变化导致了其共振频率的变化,从而证明了调整Co2+离子的含量可以对铁氧体的工作频段加以控制。同时确定了在X波段,当x=0.6~0.8时,Ba(Znx Co2-x)2Fe16O27具有最佳的吸波性能。     

缺铁配方W型BaZnx Co2-χFe15.5O27铁氧体复合物微波性能调控研究

本文采用缺铁配方BaZnχCo2-χFe15.5 O27制备W型六角铁氧体,并深入研究了不同Zn离子和Co离子含量对铁氧体复合物微波性能的影响.结果表明,缺铁配方六角铁氧体复合物拥有较低的介电常数,控制Zn离子Co离子可以有效调控铁氧体复合物介电常数以及共振频率.同时通过在铁氧体复合物中添加纳米碳管调控复合物介电常数,...     

溶胶—凝胶自燃烧法制备W型钡铁氧体的热处理工艺

采用溶胶—凝胶自燃烧法制备了六角晶系W型钡铁氧体BaZn0.6Co1.4Fe16O27。对不同热处理工艺下所制得产物的微观形貌、元素组成、晶体结构、物相以及电磁特性进行了分析和测试。确定了溶胶—凝胶法制备该铁氧体的最佳热处理工艺,即先在450℃下保温3小时,再在1200℃下保温4小时。此工艺下制备的铁氧体物相纯净且具有...     

W型钡铁氧体的溶胶-凝胶法制备及吸波性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了W型BaZn1.5Co0.5Fe16O27钡铁氧体.在1000℃得到了单一W相纳米晶,晶粒大小为38nm,在1100℃完全形成了大小均匀的平面六角片状结构,其长度为1～3μm,横向尺寸为143～286nm.对其吸波性能进行了测量,发现有2个强吸收峰:0.9GHz和2.4GHz.吸收性能随烧结温度的升高而下降,在0.9GHz的能量吸收率:1000℃为68%,1100℃为48%;在2.4GHz的能量吸收率:1000℃为94%,1100℃为88%.     

聚苯胺-钴铬锌铁氧体复合材料的微波吸收性能和磁性能

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法和原位聚合法分别制备了钴铬锌铁氧体(Co0.7Cr0.1Zn0.2Fe2O4)和聚苯胺-钴铬锌铁氧体复合材料(PANI-Co0.7Cr0.1Zn0.2Fe2O4),用XRD和FT-IR对材料的结构进行了表征。结果表明,制备的Co0.7Cr0.1Zn0.2Fe2O4铁氧体为尖晶石结构,少量Cr3+离子替代了铁氧体八面体位置上的Co2+离子,导致铁氧体的晶格常数从0.8409 nm减小到0.8377 nm。用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了材料的磁性能,结果表明,PANI-Co0.7Cr0.1Zn0.2Fe2O4复合材料的饱和磁化强度(Ms)、剩余磁化强度(Mr)和矫顽力(Hc)分别为8.80 emu/g、14 emu/g和37.22 k A/m,小于铁氧体的相应数值;用波导法研究了PANICo0.7Cr0.1Zn0.2Fe2O4复合材料的微波吸收性能,在5-20 GHz频率范围内14.1 GHz和17.9 GHz处出现两个极大反射损耗,分别为-13.17 d B和-15.36 d B,大于铁氧体的反射损耗。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from