高层建筑地震反应的TLD振动控制

利用调谐液体阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Damper,TLD)对高层建筑地震反应进行振动控制研究.根据Fujino等提出的矩形TLD减振基本原理,建立了TLD中液体动水压力的控制方程,并采用有限差分法对矩形浅水TLD液体动水压力进行数值模拟,然后根据1栋91.0 m的高层建筑实际情况提出几种TLD设计方案,分别对其进行TLD-结构地震作用下的动力分析,比较几种方案的减振效果,确定最佳方案及具体的结构振动控制设计.结果表明,TLD系统对高层建筑地震作用下的加速度反应和位移反应均具有比较好的控制效果.     

地震作用下高层框架厂房的多重调谐质量阻尼器扭转振动控制

通过ANSYS软件建立高层框架结构的三维有限元模型,模态分析结果显示结构的第三阶模态为扭转振动,在地震作用下高层框架厂房结构的扭转振动将占据主要位置,需要对结构的扭转反应进行控制。提出将厂房附属设备气化炉作为控制装置中的子结构质量块,设计合理的多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)参数。对结构在施加MTMD和未施加MTMD两种情况下进行动力时程分析,研究MTMD对高层框架厂房结构在两种地震作用下抗扭转性能的影响。结果表明,在地震作用下,MTMD对高层框架结构角位移和角加速度的控制效果较好。     

地震作用下高层框架厂房的多重调谐质量阻尼器扭转振动控制

通过ANSYS软件建立高层框架结构的三维有限元模型,模态分析结果显示结构的第三阶模态为扭转振动,在地震作用下高层框架厂房结构的扭转振动将占据主要位置,需要对结构的扭转反应进行控制。提出将厂房附属设备气化炉作为控制装置中的子结构质量块,设计合理的多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)参数。对结构在施加MTMD和未施加MTMD两种情况下进行动力时程分析,研究MTMD对高层框架厂房结构在两种地震作用下抗扭转性能的影响。结果表明,在地震作用下,MTMD对高层框架结构角位移和角加速度的控制效果较好。     

变形缝对高层结构地震响应的影响研究

设置变形缝给建筑设计及构造处理带来诸多复杂问题,一定程度上受到阻碍,然而设缝处理在结构设计中不可或缺。本文通过对某小区一幢高层住宅进行设置变形缝和不设缝两种情况下的动力特性及地震响应对比分析,重点探讨了变形缝设置对构件内力的影响。分析结果表明,高层结构设缝降低了结构扭转效应,对结构局部构件内力的调整极其显著,为结构设计提供了方便。     

地震作用下高层连体建筑动力响应分析

随着城市的发展,越来越多高层连体结构被广泛建设和应用,其中连接桥的存在可能会引起楼体结构受力特性的改变,对结构的安全稳定造成不良影响。采用ETABS软件建立三维建模,分别沿连接桥方向和垂直连接桥方向施加不同地震作用,分析连接桥的存在及其所处不同位置对结构受力特性造成的影响。结果表明,连接桥的存在对楼体位移、剪力、弯矩等都会造成一定影响,且连接桥所处位置不同造成的影响也不相同,当连接桥位于楼体顶部时,对结构造成的影响最大。     

大跨度连体高层结构时域子结构振动控制研究

通过在子结构中设定控制目标,通过引入大质量法在时域提出了子结构LQR控制算法。数值模拟在一大跨度的连体高层结构中进行,控制效果的对比表明,提出的子结构控制算法可以达到与传统控制算法相当的控制效果,同时相较传统算法,时域中的子结构LQR控制算法其需要的反馈信息传感器个数和控制方程维数都将大大减小,从而可以在很大程度上提高计算效率和实时控制效果。     

矩形TLD在结构振动控制中的性能试验研究

介绍了矩形浅水TLD的减振机理和工程应用。通过4层钢架在简谐荷载作用下的试验研究,比较了该钢架在受控前和受控后的位移、加速度反应,表明TLD对结构低频振型具有比较好的减振作用。     

地震作用下高层建筑TLD控制优化设计

对地震作用下高层建筑TLD控制优化设计方法进行了初步探讨.分析了TLD系统对高层建筑振型控制的机理.利用数值迭代法给出了TLD最优参数设计表格,并分析了振型参与系数的影响,为TLD设计提供了参考.给出了地震作用下高层建筑TLD控制设计步骤和高层建筑TLD地震反应控制仿真分析算例.     

地震作用下不对称高层建筑平移-扭转耦联振动的控制研究

本文分析了不对称高层建筑平移—扭转耦连振动的动力特性及其地震作用下的动力反应，根据结构控制的基本理论提出了不对称高层建筑LTTMD控制的计算理论及计算方法，编制了相应的计算机程序。并用实例分析了一个20层不对称高层建筑；其结果表明，施加LTTMD控制机构后，结构的水平及扭转地震反应均显著降低。     

双向水平地震作用下串联隔震结构的振动控制

国内外许多实际的隔震工程都采用橡胶隔震支座与地下室悬臂柱串联的隔震方案。本文针对串联隔震结构提出了振动控制策略,即在隔震层附设一定数量的减震控制装置,同时,本文建立了在双向水平地震作用下串联隔震结构振动控制体系的运动方程,并考虑了串联隔震结构底部柔性对底部刚度的影响,应用序列最优控制算法对算例进行隔震控制。结果表明,这种隔震控制体系可以有效地减小结构在双向水平地震作用下的地震反应,对隔震层的位移响应降低了至少63.1%,有效地提高了串联隔震结构体系的整体稳定。     

基于SMA拉索的高层建筑结构振动控制研究

介绍了形状记忆合金（SMA）的基本特性和本构模型,并通过建立被动控制高层建筑结构地震响应的运动方程,探讨其控制原理和方法,通过与无控方案和设置了传统钢拉索的方案进行比较,结果表明形状记忆合金具有明显的阻尼特性,可以显著地抑制结构的地震反应。     

Vibration control of tall buildings

Objectionable vibrations have been experienced in modern tall buildings. To alleviate the vibrations one may increase the structural stiffness and damping or use a passive control device such as a ‘tuned mass damper’. The drawback of the above mentioned methods is the greatly increased cost. An alternative approach is to use active control devices providing control forces based on the feed back control theory. This paper presents a systematic approach of first reducing a multistorey structure to a simpler equivalent system. Then a pole placement method is developed to obtain the conrol forces. A successive approximation method is used to reduce the responses to permissible magnitudes. An example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the method.     

Neural network control for earthquake structural vibration reduction using MRD

Structural safety of building particularly that are intended for exposure to strong earthquake loads are designed and equipped with high technologies of control to ensure as possible as its protection against this brutal load. One of these technologies used in the protection of structures is the semi-active control using a Magneto Rheological Damper device. But this device need an adequate controller with a robust algorithm of current or tension adjustment to operate which is further discussed in the following of this paper. In this study, a neural network controller is proposed to control the MR damper to eliminate vibrations of 3-story scaled structure exposed to Tōhoku 2011 and Boumerdès 2003 earthquakes. The proposed controller is derived from a linear quadratic controller designed to control an MR damper installed in the first floor of the structure. Equipped with a feedback law the proposed control is coupled to a clipped optimal algorithm to adapt the current tension required to the MR damper adjustment. To evaluate the performance control of the proposed design controller, two numerical simulations of the controlled structure and uncontrolled structure are illustrated and compared.     

Application of spherical tuned liquid damper in vibration control of wind turbine due to earthquake excitations

A spherical tuned liquid damper (TLD) is proposed as a cost‐effective method to reduce the earthquake‐induced vibration of wind turbines. A 1/20‐scale test model was designed to investigate its performance of controlling the structural vibration. A series of free and forced vibration experiments with different water depths in hemispherical containers were performed on the shaking table. Three measured ground acceleration‐time histories, including El Centro NS, El Centro EW and Tianjin EW, were selected to verify the effectiveness of spherical TLD in suppressing the earthquake‐induced vibration. The experimental results showed that the spherical TLD could effectively improve the damping capacity of the test model. The standard deviation of the dynamic response could be effectively reduced when the excitation frequency was approximately equal to its fundamental frequency. The liquid sloshing motion in containers was characterized by a highly nonlinear and complex nature. The effectiveness of spherical TLDs does not increase linearly as the mass of water in containers and is influenced greatly by the frequency components of earthquake excitations. For El Centro EW excitation, the standard deviations of the dynamic responses could be reduced more than 40% when the liquid mass was about 2% of the generalized mass. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TLD减小钢桥塔涡激振动的原理及应用研究

讨论了TLD（Tuned Liquid Damper）的减振机理，并用解析形式给出了TLD对结构控制的减振力，求出了TLD与结构相互作用时结构的位移响应，推导了结构安装TLD后结构的等效阻尼比，给出了结构的减振效率，验证了TLD减振效果非常好，可以保证桥塔建设过程中的施工安全。     

高耸钢烟囱环形TLD减振试验与数值模拟

针对高耸钢烟囱环形调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的减振试验及其数值模拟开展研究。根据高耸钢烟囱模型结构,设计制作了环形TLD试验模型,确定了试验加载和测点布置方案。建立了环形TLD力学模型,并推导了高耸结构环形TLD减振控制的动力分析模型,据此编制了高耸结构环形TLD减振的分析程序。分别开展了模型结构设置纯水环形TLD、附加金属栅格环形TLD和附加泡沫颗粒环形TLD的减振试验,并进行了数值模拟对比分析。研究表明:所编制的程序能够模拟模型结构设置环形TLD减振结构体系的动力响应;当环形TLD调谐频率比为0.9时,减振体系阻尼比超过0.04,减振效果最佳;附加金属栅格或泡沫颗粒,能够提高环形TLD中液体阻尼,耗散振动能量,但随着液体运动受限增加,减振效果有所下降。研究为高耸钢结构环形TLD减振的设计和应用提供了相关数据。     

高层建筑结构的风振阻尼控制分析与设计方法

本文首先分析了阻尼比对结构风振反应的控制效果,重点讨论了阻尼比对风振脉动增大系数的减小效果和具体计算方法,给出了便于工程实际应用的阻尼比为10%～30%的风振脉动增大系数随基本风压和结构基本周期变化的计算图表。结果表明,结构阻尼比增大,风振脉动增大系数明显减小。其次,分析了结构耗能减振系统的附加阻尼特性,给出了调频质量阻尼器(TMD)、调频液体阻尼器(TLD)和速度线性相关型耗能器附加给结构阻尼比的实用计算公式。最后给出了100层钢结构分别设置TMD和线性粘滞阻尼器的风振控制分析和设计实例。实例结果表明,两种被动阻尼控制系统对结构最大位移和最大加速度控制效果相同,可以达到40%～55%,同时说明了本文提出的方法可以方便地用于大型结构的风振阻尼控制分析和设计。     

地震作用下合肥电视塔粘滞流体阻尼器减震的优化参数分析

本文以合肥电视塔为工程背景,探讨了粘滞流体阻尼器对高耸电视塔在强震作用下地震响应的振动控制。分别进行了电视塔在EL-Centro波、Taft波和人工合成的合肥波作用下,线性粘滞流体阻尼器对合肥电视塔地震响应的控制分析,并对阻尼器的参数进行了优化设计。分析表明,采用最优参数的粘滞流体阻尼器可以明显减小电视塔的地震响应。     

Structural vibration control using modified tuned liquid dampers

A tuned liquid damper (TLD) is a passive damper consisting of a solid tank filled with water that uses the water sloshing inside it to dissipate energy. The standard TLD configuration is where a TLD is connected rigidly to the top of the building. It has been popular as a control device for wind excitation. Earlier research has shown that the TLD behaviour is amplitude dependent, i.e. it is more effective when excitation amplitude is increased and more energy is dissipated due to sloshing. A modified TLD configuration is proposed here, where the TLD rests on an elevated platform that is connected to the top of the building through a rigid rod with a flexible rotational spring at its bottom. For particular values of the rotational spring flexibility, the rotational acceleration of the rod is in phase with the structure top acceleration and the TLD base is subjected to a large amplitude acceleration that increases its effectiveness. It should be noted that when the rotational spring is rigid, the modified and standard TLD configurations are identical. It is seen that, for aiven structure with modified TLD configuration, there exists an optimum value of the rotational spring stiffness for which the effectiveness of the modified TLD is maximum. Thus, it is seen that an optimally designed modified TLD configuration may be more effective as a structural control device than a standard TLD configuration, for both harmonic and broad-band earthquake motions.     

膜结构及其风振控制研究综述

对膜结构的分类、国内外膜结构工程发展概况、膜结构设计中的一些重要理论问题，膜结构风振研究，结构控制及其在膜结构中的应用等做了比较全面地描述，以促进膜结构的风振研究。