Mn、Fe和Cu氧化物在低温等离子体催化氧化甲苯体系中的活性比较

采用等体积浸渍法制备了MnOx/γ-Al2O3、FeOx/γ-Al2O3和CuOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂,测定了不同催化剂在低温等离子体场内分解甲苯的活性,用X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)技术对催化剂进行表征。结果表明催化剂分解甲苯的活性的顺序是MnOx/γ-Al2O3>FeOx/γ-Al2O3>CuOx/γ-Al2O3。催化剂分解臭氧的实验表明,不同催化活性组分对臭氧的催化分解性能顺序与对甲苯的分解性能顺序是一致的。MnOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂的Mn负载量对其催化活性有明显影响,Mn的含量为1%(质量分数)时,催化剂的活性最高,当能量密度为19J/L时,其对甲苯催化氧化的转化率接近100%。催化剂表征结果表明当Mn含量为1%(质量分数)时,氧化锰在载体γ-Al2O3上最接近单层分散量,此时活性组分与载体表面的相互结合力最强,在载体上有很好的分散性,从而表现出对甲苯分解的最好性能。     

可录CD无机存储介质──AgOx的研究

本文研究了AgOx薄膜的光学性能、分解过程和记录特性．研究表明，在氩气分压为0.67Pa和氧气分压为2.0Pa的条件下，反应溅射制备的AgOx薄膜是非晶态的，在400℃热处理时，完全分解为Ag;本文成功地对AgOx薄膜进行了静态写入实验，AgOx有望成为一种新的CD－R存储介质．     

AgOx掩膜的制备和性能研究

磁控反应溅射制备了装置测得的光透过特性．分析了AgOx掩膜,用聚焦激光热效应AgOx掩膜的开关性能。结果表明．AgOx掩膜在较低的温度作用下有良好的开关性能．反应AgOx←→Ag O2可逆，适用于LSC-super-RENS光盘。用X-ray和TEM分析了热处理后的AgOx薄膜的成分结构,表明200℃热处理AgOx掩膜存在纳米量级Ag颗粒。     

NH3选择性催化还原NOx的Mn基催化剂研究进展

氨选择性催化还原技术是目前消除氮氧化物(NOx)的有效技术之一。鉴于传统的V2O5-WO3(MoO3)/TiO2工业催化剂存在低温NOx消除率过低的问题,开发具有良好低温NH3-SCR活性的Mn基催化剂成为了研究热点。通过文献分析,主要从单一MnOx、Mn基混合氧化物和负载型Mn基氧化物三方面阐述了Mn基催化剂的研究现状,并对Mn基催化剂的SCR活性、反应机理及抗H2O和SO2性能等方面进行了总结,最后提出了Mn基催化剂的研究方向。     

Ag纳米粒子磁控溅射制备及其热稳定性研究

利用磁控溅射在玻璃衬底上制备Ag纳米粒子及其氧化物（AgOx）薄膜，通过高温退火实验，研究银及AgOx薄膜的热稳定特性。采用x射线衍射分析薄膜的晶相结构，采用UV-Vis分光光度计测定薄膜的吸收光谱。结果表明：Ag纳米薄膜在450nm附近出现特征吸收峰，200℃退火后，峰位蓝移，400℃退火后，吸收峰显著减弱，表明Ag纳米粒子在退火过程中发生了蒸发；AgOx薄膜在200℃下退火后，出现Ag纳米粒子特征吸收峰，表明AgOx的热分解，400℃退火同样导致Ag纳米粒子的蒸发。     

Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管光催化降解微环境苯系物的实验研究

采用阳极氧化-阴极沉积-阳极氧化法制备了三氧化二铁/二氧化钛(Fe2O3/TiO_2)复合纳米管阵列,以室内空气典型污染物苯系物为模拟反应物,研究了湿度与催化剂用量对苯系物气体光催化降解效果的影响,并分析了Fe2O3/TiO_2复合纳米管光催化降解苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯的反应历程。结果表明:该Fe2O3/TiO_2复合纳米管排列整齐均匀,相对纯TiO_2具有较高的可见光响应特性;光功率密度为0.9W/cm2、停留时间为10min,不同湿度和催化剂用量条件下总苯系物的降解率可以达到75%~95.3%;当湿度为60%,光催化剂用量为50cm2或62.5cm2时,各组分的降解率达到最高;湿度为0~30%,催化剂用量为25~37.5cm2时,各组分的降解率较高;在不同湿度下,苯系物各组分的氧化历程主要受正水离子及超负氧离子的数量影响。     

MnOx/ZrO2纳米催化剂的制备及CO-SCR-NO性能研究

以氧氯化锆和硝酸锰为主要原料,采用Sol-Gel-VFD技术制备了MnOx/ZrO2超细粉体材料.用XRD,TG-DSC,TEM和BET等技术对试样进行了表征,用微反应器-气相色谱仪在线研究了试样选择性催化还原NO的活性.结果表明:用Sol-Gel-VFD技术可制得粒子尺寸约为20nm、具有高催化活性的负载型MnOx/ZrO2纳米催化剂,活性组分锰对NO的催化还原起了主要作用.添加铈组分能提高MnOx/ZrO2纳米催化剂催化还原NO的活性.     

碳纳米管负载Fe2O3催化剂的制备及其乙苯脱氢催化活性

采用FeSO4-H2O2体系对碳纳米管氧化修饰的同时,氢氧化铁被吸附在碳纳米管管壁上,然后分别通过氢气、氮气、空气在723K下处理2h,制备了碳纳米管负载的γ-Fe2O3催化剂、γ-Fe2O3和α-Fe2O3复合催化剂和非晶态Fe2O3催化剂。采用XRD、TEM和TG-DSC表征了催化剂结构,采用连续流动乙苯气相脱氢生成苯乙烯反应对催化剂性能进行评价,结果表明：热处理条件对催化剂乙苯脱氢的催化性能影响明显,碳纳米管负载的晶态Fe2O3纳米催化剂对乙苯脱氢具有高的活性与选择性。     

MnOx/ZrO2纳米催化剂的制备及对CO-SCR-NO性能研究

以氧氯化锆和硝酸锰为主要原料，采用Sol—Gel—VFD技术制备了MnOx／ZrO2超细粉体材料。用XRD，TG—DSC，TEM和BET等技术对试样进行了表征，用微反应器-气相色谱仪在线研究了试样不同配合比例对试样催化还原NO的活性的影响。结果表明：用Sol—Gel—VFD技术可制得粒子尺寸约为20nm、具有高催化活性的负载型MnOx／ZrO2纳米催化剂，锰由低价向高价转变。添加了Ce组分能提高MnOx／ZrO2纳米催化剂催化还原NO的活性。     

室温下MnOx/HZSM-5催化氧化甲醛的性能和机理分析

以HZSM-5分子筛、高锰酸钾和甲醇为原料制备MnOx/HZSM-5催化剂,室温催化氧化甲醛。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、光电子能谱(XPS)等表征方法分析催化剂的形貌结构、化学成分,研究MnOx/HZSM-5的催化性能和再生性能,探讨其对甲醛的催化氧化机理。结果表明,MnOx/HZSM-5具有良好的催化活性和再生能力,动态测试1020min后MnOx/HZSM-5对甲醛的清除率仍然保持在90%,再生5次后,MnOx/HZSM-5对甲醛清除率仍然保持在91%,静态测试中甲醛清除率达到97%,甲醛转化率达到92%。对MnOx/HZSM-5氧化甲醛的机理分析后发现,甲醛首先被催化剂吸附至MnOx活性位点,之后被初步氧化为甲酸盐或碳酸盐等中间产物,最后被深度氧化为二氧化碳和水。     

Synergistic effect of transition metal oxides and ozone on PCDD/F destruction

Catalytic oxidations of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) with ozone on the transition metal oxides (iron oxide or manganese oxide) at the temperature range of 120-180 degrees C were investigated. These two catalysts were prepared by precipitation methods. Iron oxide has a higher surface area (330 m(2)/g) than manganese oxide (53 m(2)/g). In the absence of ozone, the removal efficiencies of PCDD/Fs achieved with iron oxide or manganese oxide were between 83% and 85%, while the destruction efficiencies were only between 20% and 25% at 180 degrees C. It indicates that adsorption was the main removal mechanism of PCDD/Fs over these two catalysts. On the other hand, ozone addition greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of iron oxide or manganese oxide catalysts on the oxidation of gaseous PCDD/Fs. At 180 degrees C, the destruction efficiencies of gaseous PCDD/Fs achieved with iron oxide or manganese oxide with 100 ppm O(3) exceeded 90%. It indicates that catalytic ozonation achieved with iron oxide or manganese oxide is effective in decomposing PCDD/Fs and the application of ozone lowers the reaction temperature of PCDD/F oxidation below 200 degrees C. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of iron oxide and ozone is superior to that of manganese oxide due to the fact that the surface of iron oxide has more hydroxyl groups, which easily form hydrogen bonds with ozone and decompose to form atomic oxygen for the further reaction with dioxin molecules.     

纳米CuFe_2O_4催化硫酸铜热分解及机理研究

通过硫酸铜的热分解行为研究了纳米铁酸铜的催化机理。采用共沉淀法制备不同物质的量比的纳米CuFe2O4催化剂,并测定了不同成分和用量的催化剂对硫酸铜热分解温度及热分解表观活化能的影响。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜对铁酸铜晶体进行表征,用差热分析(TG-DSC)法测定硫酸铜的分解热变化量以衡量催化剂活性。结果表明:Cu2+、Fe3+物质的量比为1∶1,质量分数为20%的CuFe2O4对CuSO4的催化效果最佳,该条件下CuSO4的高温分解峰与低温分解峰重合,分解峰温度向低温方向移动了29.5℃,表观分解热吸热量降低了112.1 J/g。     

Effect of Mn precursors on benzene oxidation with ozone over MnOx/MCM-41 at low temperature

Low temperature benzene oxidation in the presence of ozone on MnOx/MCM-41 catalysts has been studied. MnOx/MCM-41 catalysts were prepared from two different precursors, Mn(NO3)2 and Mn(CH3COO)2, and these samples were characterized by N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed reduction. The characterization results showed that the MnOx/MCM-41 prepared from Mn(CH3COO)2 had higher oxygen mobility and dispersion than the MnOx/MCM-41 from Mn(NO3)2. As a result, the MnOx/MCM-41 obtained from Mn(CH3COO)2 showed higher catalytic activity for the oxidation of benzene using ozone; however, without ozone, the catalytic activity was negligible.     

Effect of various gases and chemical catalysts on phenol degradation pathways by pulsed electrical discharges

The processes of phenol degradation by pulsed electrical discharges were investigated under several kinds of discharge atmospheres (oxygen, argon, nitrogen and ozone) and chemical catalysts (ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide). The temporal variations of the concentrations of phenol and the intermediate products were monitored by HPLC and GC–MS, respectively. It has been found that the effect of various gases bubbling on phenol degradation rate ranked in the following order: oxygen-containing ozone > oxygen > argon > nitrogen. The high gas bubbling flow rate was beneficial to the removal of phenol. It was found that the degradation proceeded differently when in the presence and absence of catalysts. The phenol removal rate was increased when ferrous ion was added. This considerable enhancement may be due to the Fenton's reaction. What's more, putting the chemical additives hydrogen peroxide into the reactor led to a dramatic increase in phenol degradation rate. The mechanism was due to the direct or indirect photolysis and pyrolysis destruction in plasma channel. Furthermore, the intermediate products were monitored by GC–MS under three degradation conditions. More THBs were generated under degradation conditions without gases bubbling or adding any catalyst, and more DHBs under the condition of adding ferrous ion, and more carboxylic acids under the condition of oxygen-containing ozone gas bubbling. Consequently, three distinct degradation pathways based on different conditions were proposed.     

Zn-Mn-O heterostructures: Study on preparation, magnetic and photocatalytic properties

In this work, a method composed of electrospinning technique and subsequent calcinations was used to fabricate Zn-Mn-O heterostructures with unique morphologies and microspheres composed of ZnO micro/nanofibers successfully. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to characterize the morphology and the crystallinity of the samples. The mechanism was proposed based on the formation process of ZnO materials calcined under different temperatures. The photocatalytic activity of all the Zn-Mn-O heterostructures was systematically investigated in decomposing Methylene Blue (MB) under UV lamp irradiation. In addition, the magnetic properties of Zn-Mn-O heterostructures were evaluated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and it was observed that all the Zn-Mn-O heterostructures exhibit slight ferromagnetic properties which will contribute to the recycle of the catalysts.     

Influence of ambient atmosphere on the electrical properties of organic thin film transistors

We have fabricated organic thin film transistors (OTFT) using nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) as an active layer. The organic thin films were deposited via sublimation under a secondary vacuum. The dependence of electrical characteristics on an ambient atmosphere is studied. Transient behaviour of the OTFT is also investigated showing the presence of a time delay in drain current when gate bias is applied. It is found that this time delay depends closely on the ambient atmosphere in addition with electrical field. Tests of ozone detection using NiPc based on OTFTs were carried out exhibiting a high sensitivity to ozone. We have demonstrated that electrical properties of the OTFTs are highly affected by ozone but not by oxygen. Our results show that NiPc-based OTFTs can represent a new class of ozone sensors.     

Fe增强Ni2(CO3)(OH)2臭氧分解抗湿性与催化性能

臭氧污染已成为我国继PM2.5之后的主要污染物,传统的臭氧分解催化材料在湿润环境中性能不稳定.本工作采用水热法制备了一种铁掺杂改性的碱式碳酸镍催化剂(NiCH-Fe),该催化剂可在60％相对湿度下稳定分解2.14μg/L臭氧12 h,去除率达99％.水分子吸附质量检测结果表明,NiCH-Fe表面的水分子吸附量比纯NiC...     

Photocatalytic ozone sensor based on mesoporous indium oxide: Influence of the relative humidity on the sensing performance

Mesoporous In₂O₃, synthesized by a nanocasting procedure, is used as a resistive gas sensor for ozone in very low concentrations (from 20 ppb to 2.4 ppm) at room temperature. Its sensing performance is substantially increased by illumination with blue light (460 nm, 2.7 eV). For low ozone concentrations the sensor response increases with increasing humidity. However, higher humidity also results in the occurrence of a saturation of the response at lower ozone concentrations; this is rationalized by assuming a poisoning of surface active sites by hydroxyl groups.     

不同气源条件对臭氧产量的影响

本文利用靛蓝法对臭氧产量进行测定,并对不同气源条件下的臭氧产量进行对比。结果表明,不同气源条件对臭氧产量有一定的影响。我们主要考虑的不同气源条件为:源气体的选择、电压、源气的湿度。     

Air quality monitoring in Chennai, India, in the summer of 2005

During the summer of 2005, concentrations of surface ozone (O(3)), oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)), respirrable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD) were collected over successive periods of about 24 h at five sites. UV photometric ozone analyzer was used to measure the concentration of surface O(3). The study deals with the characteristics of hourly and daily mean surface O(3) under different climatic conditions, such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction and other pollutant concentrations. The maximum hourly O(3) concentration reached 53 ppb on 17th May. The ground-level O(3) concentration in Chennai varied between 2 and 53 ppb. The concentration of NO(x) and O(3) were below the prescribed limits. The TSPM values were exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) at Koyambedu, Mandaveli, Taramani and Vallalar Nagar study area.