工程随机因素对索网结构初始形状确定的灵敏度分析

考虑了张拉结构找形过程中的不确定性,将这些不确定性用随机变量表示。在预拉力给定的索网结构形状确定的特殊拉索单元法的基础上,推导了等效外力向量、等效单元不平衡力向量和单元切线刚度矩阵的偏导计算式,建立了初始平衡状态几何向量的灵敏度计算迭代格式。根据平衡几何向量的灵敏度和索段长度的灵敏度,计算出索网零状态时,索段放样长度对随机变量的灵敏度,并进一步求出了放样长度均匀性的灵敏度。以此为依据,对设计参数进行修改,使索网放样长度更均匀,便于施工安装。此方法同样也可用在放样长度给定的索网找形分析中,使得其初始平衡状态的预应力更均匀,提高索网的受力性能。     

以减轻重量为目标的索网桁架式可展开太空天线结构的优化设计

针对索网桁架式可展开天线的结构特点和性能要求,对其结构初始设计进行了优化研究.选取天线的桁架单元壁厚和索单元半径为设计变量,并对不同类型的设计变量进行了合理的归并,继而以结构重量为优化目标,以表面精度和基频为约束条件,建立了优化设计数学模型.考虑到索网结构有限元分析给计算带来的非线性和复杂性,使用序列二次规划法对模型求解,并给出了相关动力特性的敏度分析.通过算例分析可知,采用上述优化计算方法可以在保证天线工作性能的前提下有效地降低结构的重量,同时由优化迭代过程中约束函数值的变化情况可知,在一定范围内减小桁架单元壁厚和增大索单元半径,可以有效地提高天线表面精度和改善结构动力性能.     

面向索网结构关键刚度监测的目标模态测试策略

各种因素引起的预张力偏差将导致既有索网结构的刚度退化.通过测试少量的目标模态可以监测到索网结构关键刚度的变化;由于预张力偏差的随机性,最初根据索网理想(数值)结构模型确定的目标模态会在其所处的密频区内发生模态跃迁、局部化等变化;如仅依据这些理想的目标模态进行动力测试,将会降低对实际结构关键刚度偏差的监测精度;利用矩阵摄...     

单层索网体系非线性自振特性研究

刚性结构通常采用“Rayleigh法”的线性化方法近似计算结构的基频，但是单层索网体系属于非线性预应力体系，其自振频率会随着振幅发生变化。通过分析结果表明，当节点质量较大时，用假定惯性荷载的方法计算的误差较大；“Rayleigh法”计算索网频率是基于微幅振动的假定，不能反映其振幅较大时的自振特性。本文采用连续化理论，推导了单层索网体系第一、二阶非线性自振频率近似公式，并将计算结果和瞬态分析结果进行对比，两者吻合较好。非线性自振特性的研究对于单层索网体系在风荷载作用下的响应分析具有十分重要的意义。     

“小震”作用下索网结构可靠指标β的计算方法

将Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ～θ法与ＪＣ方法相结合，建立了“小震”作用下索网结构各单元承载能力可靠指标与索系正常使用可靠指标的计算方法，并考虑了索网结构的几何非线性特性以及静载的影响。利用该方法可求出索网结构在“小震”过程中任意时刻单元承载能力可靠指标与索系正常使用可靠指标，并可推广用于分析“大震”作用下考虑索系材料非线性时索网结构的可靠度。     

边界元法在膜结构与风耦合研究中的应用

膜结构是一种风敏感性结构,结构与风的耦合作用不容忽视。本文将膜结构所处的风场简化为不可压缩势流,运用边界元法求解绕流后作用在膜结构上的风压,然后计算在风压作用下膜结构产生的变形,修正膜结构形状,再次求解变形后膜结构周围流场及作用在其上的风压,这样依次迭代,直至得到收敛的解。这种方法的有效性通过典型算例和其他方法计算结果的对比得到验证。变换膜结构的矢跨比、初始预张力及风场平均风速,研究参数变化对流固耦合的影响,为膜结构抗风研究与工程实践提供参考。     

采用定长索设计的索网玻璃幕墙结构索长误差控制理论

单层索网结构体系目前已广泛应用于大尺度玻璃幕墙工程中。而将定长索设计的方法应用于其设计施工中,具有明显优势。在使用定长索设计时,索网玻璃幕墙中整索长度的准确性与节点连接的标定准确性都会影响张拉成形后各索的拉力及节点位形的精确度,进一步影响玻璃幕墙的位形及受力性能。该文首先分别讨论这两种索长误差影响的区别和联系,说明这两者均可转化为索段的索长误差以进行进一步研究。在此基础上,将两种索长误差结合,研究索段初始索长误差的敏感性。之后,应用概率论的相关理论,写出索段索长误差用整索索长误差和节点连接偏差表示的数学关系式,并给出不同施工方法下的不同表达关系。最后,综合应用可靠度理论及线性规划方法,提出整索长度误差和节点连接标定偏差的控制限值。研究成果给采用定长索设计的单层索网幕墙结构的索长误差控制提供指导。     

子结构FMBEM在消声器声场计算中的迭代收敛

子结构快速多极子边界元法融合了快速多极子算法、边界元法与子结构技术,使复杂结构声学问题的高效准确计算成为可能。然而对于不同的求解模型,其迭代收敛速度不稳定甚至不能收敛,直接影响了其在工程实际问题中的广泛应用。鉴于此,文章对子结构快速多极子边界元法,按照不同的矩阵构建及预处理方案分析其迭代收敛特性及影响因素。研究发现,除了采取恰当的矩阵预条件处理技术之外,未知量列向量的构建次序及边界节点编号顺序对迭代收敛速度有着重要影响;单步迭代时间随着计算频率的增大而呈指数增长。此外,以内插管型消声器传递损失的计算为例,通过与实验值的比较证实了该方法的准确性与有效性。     

弹性梁结构PVDF模态传感边界约束影响分析

由于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)具有质量轻、高输出灵敏度以及易剪裁等优点,PVDF模态传感器广泛应用于振动噪声控制领域。现有的研究工作多局限于经典边界条件,而实际工程中经常遇到弹性约束边界,绝对理想的经典边界条件并不常见。将改进傅里叶级数方法拓展至弹性约束梁结构的模态传感器设计,将弹性梁横向位移展开为傅里叶余弦级数和边界补充项以克服位移函数导数存在的不连续问题,结合Rayleigh-Ritz方法和模态正交特性得到PVDF模态传感器形状函数以及二次导数。通过数值计算表明,边界约束刚度变化将导致PVDF模态传感器形状变化存在刚度敏感区,在该区域形状变化明显。相比其他方法,此方法计算简便,通过调节边界刚度值可以实现经典边界和任意弹性边界约束条件,边界约束刚度的变化不需要重新计算方程和程序编写。     

具有T单元张拉膜结构的找形分析

论述了张拉膜结构找形分析的力密度法,同时对边界索进行T单元的强化处理;建立了索边界主结点和索网内部T单元结点的静力平衡方程,据此编制了相应的计算软件;对工程实例进行了验算,结果表明,给出的计算结果与德国著名软件EASY的计算结果相吻合。     

一种新型内外双重张弦网壳结构形状确定问题的研究

内外双重张弦网壳结构是一种新型的空间结构形式。该文采用局部分析法的思想,上部网壳按肋环型布设,对结构的形状确定问题进行了研究。算法1从节点平衡关系入手,对单榀内外组合张弦梁结构的形状确定问题进行了讨论,并给出了体系的初始预内力简捷计算法;算法2在介绍原有数值算法的基础上,提出了改进方法,并对计算过程参数的选取进行了讨论。通过算例比较了以上两种找形方法的计算结果,说明了方法的正确性。该文最后,给出了内外双重张弦网壳结构初始预内力分布的设计流程。 方法 方法     

Shear deformation effect in the dynamic analysis of plates stiffened by parallel beams

In this paper a general solution for the dynamic analysis of shear-deformable stiffened plates subjected to arbitrary loading is presented. According to the proposed model, the arbitrarily placed parallel stiffening beams are isolated from the plate by sections in the lower outer surface of the plate, taking into account the arising tractions in all directions at the fictitious interfaces. These tractions are integrated with respect to each half of the interface width resulting in two interface lines, along which the loading of the beams as well as the additional loading of the plate is defined. Their unknown distribution is established by applying continuity conditions in all directions at the interfaces. The utilization of two interface lines for each beam enables the nonuniform distribution of the interface transverse shear forces and the nonuniform torsional response of the beams to be taken into account. The analysis of both the plate and the beams is accomplished on their deformed shape taking into account the second-order effects. The analysis of the plate is based on Reissner’s theory, which may be considered as the standard thick plate theory with which all others are compared, while the analysis of the beams is performed employing the linearized second-order theory taking into account the shear deformation effect. The method of analysis is based on the capability to establish a flexibility matrix with respect to a set of nodal mass points, while a lumped mass matrix is constructed from the tributary mass areas to these mass points. Six boundary value problems are formulated and solved using the analog equation method, a BEM-based method. Both free and forced damped or undamped transverse vibrations are considered and numerical examples with great practical interest are presented demonstrating the effectiveness, the range of applications of the proposed method and the influence of the shear deformation effect.     

Linearly elastic annular and circular membranes under radial, transverse, and torsional loading. Part II: Vibrations about deformed equilibria

Equilibrium configurations of annular and circular membranes involving large displacements were determined in Part I of this study. Now small vibrations about such equilibrium states are analyzed for annular membranes. The membrane is linearly elastic, initially flat, and taut. Föppl-von Kármán theory is used to obtain the linearized vibration equations. The problems considered include inward and outward radial stretching, transverse displacement at the inner edge, transverse pressure, a vertical distributed load with a vertically sliding outer membrane edge, torsion at the inner edge along with outward stretching, and in-plane vibrations for cases having a flat equilibrium shape. In many of the cases the transverse motion is coupled with radial and circumferential motions. A shooting method is used to obtain vibration frequencies and corresponding vibration modes with different numbers of nodal diameters and nodal circles. The effects of Poisson’s ratio, in-plane radial and circumferential inertias, the ratio of the radii of the inner and outer edges, and the loading magnitude on the vibration frequencies are investigated.     

经典边界条件黏弹性Pasternak地基上Bernoulli-Euler梁横向自振特性分析

自振特性在结构的动力分析中具有重要的意义。将回传射线矩阵法(MRRM)推广到地基梁自振特性的研究中,通过节点力平衡和位移协调方程及对偶局部坐标系下单元相位关系,建立两端简支、两端自由、两端固支、简支-自由、简支-固支及固支-自由这六种边界条件下黏弹性Pasternak地基上的Bernoulli-Euler梁的回传射线矩阵,进而得到其频率方程。根据单一局部坐标系下的边界条件,推导出模态函数解析表达式,进一步根据正交归一化条件求解模态函数表达式中的未知参数。通过具体算例验证了回传射线矩阵法求解的正确性,并对不同边界条件下的自振频率、衰减系数及模态函数进行了分析。为黏弹性地基梁的振动特性研究提供理论基础。     

Design of deployable bistable structures for morphing skin and its structural optimization

The morphing skin is the surface of a deployable frame which can change its shape to present optimal performance in all stages of a task for an aerospace vehicle. This article proposes a deployable frame with low kinematic error and high stability. Mechanical design and optimization of the deployable mechanism are developed, and specifically the analysis model of the deployable mechanism is established by the use of extendable units. The genetic algorithm is employed to find the optimal geometric parameters of the foldable structure. Furthermore, the design method of a bistable compliant mechanism is investigated to achieve the bistability. An example of a morphing leading edge (MLE) is analysed using the proposed method. The results show that the position errors converge to the optimal solution which supplies the minimum value. Numerical analysis indicates that the mechanism can provide two bistable positions for the actual use of the MLE.     

预应力CFRP布加固损伤RC梁的动力特性研究

从理论上推导了预张力与损伤RC梁固有频率之间的定量关系。同时进行了预应力CFRP布加固RC梁的动力特性试验,测定不同预张力条件下,完好梁与损伤梁的一阶频率值。而后利用ANSYS软件建立钢筋混凝土完好梁的有限元模型,根据损伤梁的动力测试结果,运用优化分析的方法得到损伤梁混凝土刚度折减系数;利用一阶频率的试验值对公式进行线性拟合,得到频率影响因素及损伤梁频率计算公式。最后将加固损伤梁一阶频率的理论值与试验值进行比较,发现在低预应力作用下,理论计算结果基本能反映出试验值随预张力变化的趋势,试验值与理论值吻合较好。     

Analysis of plates stiffened by parallel beams

In this paper a general solution for the analysis of plates stiffened by parallel beams subjected to an arbitrary loading is presented. According to the proposed model, the stiffening beams are isolated from the plate by sections in the lower outer surface of the plate, taking into account the arising tractions in all directions at the fictitious interfaces. The aforementioned integrated tractions result in the loading of the beams as well as the additional loading of the plate. Their distribution is established by applying continuity conditions in all directions at the interfaces. The analysis of both the plate and the beams is accomplished on their deformed shape taking into account second‐order effects. Six boundary value problems with respect to the plate transverse deflection, to the plate inplane displacement components, to the beam transverse deflections, to the beam axial deformation and to the beam non‐uniform angle of twist are formulated and solved using the analog equation method (AEM), a boundary element method (BEM)‐based method employing a boundary integral equation approach. The solution of the aforementioned plate and beam problems, which are non‐linearly coupled, is achieved using iterative numerical methods. The adopted model describes better the actual response of the plate beams system and permits the evaluation of the shear forces at the interfaces in both directions, the knowledge of which is very important in the design of prefabricated ribbed plates. The evaluated lateral deflections of the plate–beams system are found to exhibit considerable discrepancy from those of other models, which neglect inplane and axial forces and deformations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two-layer pre-stressed beams consisting of normal and steel fibered high strength concrete

The paper is focused on analysis of two-layer bending pre-stressed beams consisting of steel fibered (SF) high strength concrete (HSC) in compressed zone and normal strength concrete (NSC) in tensile zone. Investigation of such beams is important for RC structural design, because calculation of fibers volume ratio is significant, like that of reinforcing steel bars for usual RC elements. In other words, such elements are made of high performance concrete (HPC). There is a growing tendency that more effective HPC structures replace NSC ones, first of all in pre-stressed elements. Definition of the HSC class lower limit, to be used in the compressed zone of a two-layer pre-stressed beam, is given. It was demonstrated that SF have little effect on the beam elastic deflections. However, the ultimate deflections of the section increase because additional potential for plastic energy dissipation (PED) in the bending element. NSC, used in the section tensile zone, contributes additionally about 20% to the section’s PED potential compared to one-layer HSC beams. In order to guarantee sufficient section’s ductility of the pre-stressed beams, required to withstand dynamic loadings, a minimum SF ratio is proposed to be considered. The fibers take the tensile stresses, yielding cracks in the concrete matrix. A design method for calculation of the SF volume ratio, as a function of required ductility, is proposed. A numerical example, illustrating the efficiency of this method is presented.     

地球低轨道卫星天线在轨热致振动分析

由于地球的频繁遮挡,当地球卫星在低轨道运行时,卫星的可展开天线会处在高低温交替的环境中,从而形成剧烈变化的温度场。剧烈的温度梯度变化会导致柔性较大的可展开天线发生热致振动,降低卫星全极化探测头部等关键部件的寿命。首先建立某型号卫星的物理模型,然后利用有限元法对其进行在轨时的空间瞬态热分析,得到可展开天线的温度场,将温度作为约束映射到结构仿真中,再在结构有限元模型上分析卫星的热变形,实现卫星天线热致振动的预测并为天线结构优化设计提供数据支持。对卫星模型进行热分析可以监测各时期的温度场以及预测有可能发生的热致振动,从而在不断优化设计的基础上避免这种不利的扰动。     

考虑滑移、剪力滞后和剪切变形的钢-混凝土组合梁解析解

通过在Newmark 模型中引入(1)描述横向非均匀分布的纵向位移的翘曲形函数和(2)描述钢梁腹板剪切变形的Timoshenko 梁假定,建立了一个能考虑滑移、剪力滞后和剪切变形的钢-混凝土组合梁模型,并推导了均布荷载作用下的解析解。最后通过4 个算例验证了模型和解析解的正确性和适用性,并显示了考虑组合梁剪切变形的必要性。另外,算例还表明,在组合梁的三维有限元建模中采用Timoshenko 梁单元来考虑钢梁的剪切变形会导致显著的误差。