碳交易-用能权-电力市场联动下火电机组参与交易策略研究

随着用能权市场和碳交易市场的不断完善与发展,火电机组交易面临多种环境配额约束。本文构建了新的碳交易-用能权-电力市场下火电机组交易框架,并提出了解决多市场约束下火电机组交易决策难题的策略。在分解和还原碳交易-用能权-电力市场自身与交互下的运作及交易机制基础上,设计了涵盖初始配额分配、市场交易流程和约束传导机制下的火电机组交易框架。把火电机组的能耗与碳排放变量转化为交易成本变量,以此确定火电机组的交易策略集。构建了以综合交易成本最小化为目标函数,以供需平衡、用能权和碳排放权为约束条件的电力市场出清模型。仿真结果表明,将碳交易成本、用能权交易成本纳入火电机组电力交易决策中能够显著降低碳排放,有助于推动火电产业转型升级。此外,敏感性分析讨论了碳价、用能权价格以及互认比例变动对火电机组利润的影响,可为相关政策制定和市场管理提供参考。     

清洁发展机制及其面临的形势

清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism,CDM)是<京都议定书>下的三个基于市场的节能减排机制之一.由于我国是一个处于工业化发展阶段的国家,没有减排的具体额度,所以CDM机制可以很好地促进我国在经济高速发展的同时开展节能减排工作.本文主要介绍CDM的申报流程和实施步骤,综述我国CDM项目申...     

现代社会条件下防震减灾的公众理解和公众参与问题

Public understanding and participation of earthquake science needs new theoretical guidance and new technical supports. Theoretical concepts such as ‘Actor-Networking Theory (ANT)’ and techniques such as Community Model, ‘cloud computing’, and ‘internet of things’ provide a new perspective for the public understanding and participation of earthquake science which is facing to new challenges.     

邻避项目社会风险评估的利益相关者参与研究——基于“JN”垃圾焚烧发电项目的案例分析

邻避项目的实施可能会对所在地的社会稳定、生态环境、利益平衡等产生潜在的负面影响,进而激发社会民众的反对和抵制情绪。在某些极端情况下,这种不满可能会升级为项目周边利益相关者的群体性敌视、冲突乃至抗议行为,对所在地的社会稳定构成巨大挑战。邻避项目社会风险评估工作的开展为项目提供了一个全阶段、系统性的风险识别与化解框架,与邻避项目密切相关的利益相关者群体参与是确保社会风险评估深度和效果不可或缺的因素。因此,本文聚焦于“JN”垃圾焚烧发电这一典型的邻避项目,在社会风险评估实践中,详细考察利益相关者在项目全生命周期从构思、建设直至结束每一环节的诉求,以及为达成利益平衡而采取的行动方案。在此基础上,提出了包括但不限于建立常态化利益相关者参与机制、多方参与协商反馈机制构建、转变利益相关者“邻避”风险认知等参与路径,旨在为邻避项目的社会风险评估提供一个更加系统、有序的利益相关者参与机制,有助于确保邻避项目顺利落地并增进社会的长期福祉。     

美国交通行政管理体制的历史沿革与政府治理经验启示

在美国交通发展史上,发生过2次交通革命,分别是18世纪到19世纪的交通革命和20世纪90年代以来的新交通革命.前者完成了交通基础的硬件建设,后者实现了交通发展理念由重基础设施建设向可持续、综合协调的转变.期间,政府对交通的管理、国家对交通的管制不断演变.本文以美国交通行政管理体制的历史沿革为主线,再现其体制转变的历史背景,描述美国交通管理体制由分散向集中、政府管制由强化向放松的转变过程,分析现行体制的特点及运作效果,总结美国政府在交通管理中的价值管理、法律保障、政府与市场分工合作等主要做法和经验,以期为我国当前大部制下的交通运输发展提供经验借鉴和改革启示.     

公众参与住房保障工程规划的现状、问题及对策——以北京市为例

住房保障作为政府提供的公共产品,具有社会保障的属性,是一项重要的民生工程.本文以北京市住房保障工程为例,采用问卷分析、访谈等方式,就我国公众参与住房保障工程规划的合理性、条件、方式和障碍等进行了较为全面的分析,并就如何促进公众参与住房保障工程规划,提出若干建议.     

基于ENR数据分析的中国大型设计院发展趋势

中国勘察设计行业正面临着全球化、中国经济结构转型和国家实施“走出去”的开放战略等诸多机遇与挑战,所以对未来发展有一个相对准确的分析和预测有着很重要的意义.本文通过对近七年来ENR 发布数据的分析,找到了世界大型设计公司与国际化之间存在的一些联系,然后通过对不同国家和地区设计公司之间的比较,结合各自的国情和经济发展水平,给出了未来中国大型设计院可能的发展趋势预测,即中国大型设计院依靠巨大的国内市场,在体量上会很快跻身世界大型设计院的“第一梯队”,但与西方竞争对手相比,在国际市场仍然存在相当大的差距,如果不能尽快建立完善的全球网络和平台,中国大型设计院有可能止步于海外中高端市场.     

Population Urbanization and Carbon Emission Control: the Construction of an Analysis Framework

Population urbanization is closely related to carbon emission control, but the relationship between them is uncertain. Population urbanization makes carbon emit more greatly, which is the main cause of carbon emission increase. Therefore, population urbanization can also be the “key” to control carbon emission effectively. This article constructs the analysis framework of carbon emission control mechanism in the aspect of population urbanization, and identifies it preliminarily: the development of population urbanization will increase the number and scale of cities; the spatial distribution, the life and the production activities of the urbanized population con-stitute the three city depa rtments-life, traffic and production, which are also the three sources of carbon emission. It is the increase of number and scale of cities, different flow of migration to cities and the changes of the spatial distribution, the life and the production activities of the urbanized population that leads to different carbon emis-sion. This is not only the carbon emission mechanism of population urbanization, but also the clue to the scientific way to promote the low carbon of population urbanization.     

Analysis on the Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential under the Ecological Agriculture Mode: a Case Study of the Winter Wheat-Summer Corn Rotation System of Hongyi Organic Farm

Under the premise of guaranteeing the non-decrease even increase the food production, the application of eco-agriculture can not only improve the ecological environment of the farmland, but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create more job opportunities for the farmers. According to the thought of “Chicken farming in the North, livestock rising in the South”, we breed beef cattle in a typical north village and successfully tackle the crop residues burning and excessive chemical fertilizer using problems and enhance the carbon storage in the soil. The dynamic changes of organic matter, total nitrogen, and C/N were observed in the winter wheat-summer corn crop rotation system with different fertilization strategies. The results show that, compared with NPK treatment in 0~20 cm non-plough layer, organic matter contents were elevated by 43.8 %, 35.4 % and 13.1 % for M, MNPK1, MNPK2 treatments, respectively. Total nitrogen contents also increased by 25.0 %, 21.2 % and 12.0 %, respectively. The C/N were 7.90~11.34, 7.80~10.85, 7.80~10.93, and 7.04~10.43, respectively for NPK, M, MNPK1, and MNPK2. This study can provide theoretical basis for crop residues/straw utilization, decreasing chemical fertilizer application, and fixing carbon in plow land in eco-agriculture system.