Population Urbanization and Carbon Emission Control: the Construction of an Analysis Framework

Population urbanization is closely related to carbon emission control, but the relationship between them is uncertain. Population urbanization makes carbon emit more greatly, which is the main cause of carbon emission increase. Therefore, population urbanization can also be the “key” to control carbon emission effectively. This article constructs the analysis framework of carbon emission control mechanism in the aspect of population urbanization, and identifies it preliminarily: the development of population urbanization will increase the number and scale of cities; the spatial distribution, the life and the production activities of the urbanized population con-stitute the three city depa rtments-life, traffic and production, which are also the three sources of carbon emission. It is the increase of number and scale of cities, different flow of migration to cities and the changes of the spatial distribution, the life and the production activities of the urbanized population that leads to different carbon emis-sion. This is not only the carbon emission mechanism of population urbanization, but also the clue to the scientific way to promote the low carbon of population urbanization.     

从洛阳城市建设看钱学森"山水城市"思想

This paper summarizes the ideological connotation of Qian Xuesen’s theory on Shan-Shui cities, and reviews the practical construction of luoyang Shan-Shui city and the relationship between the theory and practice, which proves that Qian Xuesen’s theory on Shan-Shui cities is reasonable and feasible. So the theory on Shan-Shui cities is of great meaning in directing the development of Chinese city in 21st century.     

行政区划视野下我国城市化发展的现状、问题与对策

改革开放以来,我国经历了快速的城市化发展阶段,呈现出城市化发展速度快、城市化水平区域差异大等显著特征.行政区划属于上层建筑,是国家进行区域划分和行政管理的主要依托和重要途径.本文以为,伴随着社会经济和城市化进程的快速发展,行政区划必然要进行相应的调整,以便与经济基础相适应.从行政区划的角度看,我国的城市化发展还存在一系...     

The Concept, Supporting Technologies and Applications of Smart City

Firstly, the trend of development from Digital City to Smart City is introduced. The concept of smart city and its key supporting technologies are described as well. Then, we discuss the intrinsic meaning of Smart City: based on the basic framework established by Digital City, efficient integration of the real world and digital world through the Internet of Things and massive and complex calculations by cloud computing center provide more intelligent services for city management and public services. Furthermore, major characteristics of Smart City are summarized and several related applications are put into practice. All of those applications prove that Smart City could provide more intelligent services and securer technical support. Meanwhile, we analyze the disorganized information, security, sharing and property rights issues that still exist in the Smart City. In addition, this paper provides effective countermeasures from aspects of standards, laws, technology and applications, and makes reliable and efficient exploration for the construction of the Smart City. Finally, a prospect of promising future of Smart City is presented.     

Research on the Multifunction of Urban Agriculture under the Goal of Building Resilient City

Cities are socio-ecological systems that can, as a result of rapid social, economic or environmental changes, disasters or conflicts, slip into a state of chaos. Long-term urban sustainability is challenged by a number of worldwide trends, such as rising food and fuel prices, climate change and increasing scarcity of water. Urban resilience generally refers to the ability of a city or urban system to withstand a wide array of shocks and stresses. Enhancement of resilience is widely cited as a key goal for both adaptation and mitigation efforts in cities and ur-ban regions. Resilience is seen as a desirable property of natural and human systems in the face of a range of po-tential stresses, including weather-related hazards. The study on resilient city is almost in foreign countries, which idea is widely applied in Urban Plan and Architectural Design, but it seldom appeared in our country. The research about resilient city is most concentrated on three dimensions: environmental resilience, economical resilience and social resilience, and the social resilience get the minimum attention. Urban Agriculture is important to build re-silient city because of its multifunction. Based on this idea, this paper attempts to define the role of UA in building resilient city. In addition, this paper also devotes to analyze how UA make our city become more resilient to an-swer the potential crisis in emergency or sudden events and normal circumstance, such as climate change and oil peak.     

Prospect and Path of Urban Agriculture in the Process of Urban-Rural Integration

In the process of urban-rural integration, rural areas near big cities are facing or experiencing unprecedented evolvement and transformation, which lead to the gradual upgrading of agriculture from traditional agriculture to urban agriculture. Moreover, urban agriculture appears as a new industry to merge into urban economic and modern life. There is strong interaction between urban agriculture and village construction, which could promote urban-rural integration and becomes the inevitable choice of agricultural development trend in urban areas. This paper firstly redefines urban agricultural concept and views the unban agriculture with dynamic perspective and puts it under the overall urban-rural system instead of the original structure (studying city only under the background of the city, while studying country only within the background of the country). Secondly, the paper discusses the relationship between urban agriculture and village construction and the necessity of developing urban agriculture. Thirdly, it summarizes urban agricultural development pattern and path in the process of ur-ban-rural integration. At last, the practice of urban agriculture development in Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu is introduced to provide some experience and advice in this field.     

钢铁工业废气及PM_（2.5）排放特性与污染控制对策

钢铁行业在新的发展时期须从战略发展的高度制定行业废气污染控制的对策和技术路线。本文收集国际先进钢企主要废气污染物排放因子,对比分析中国钢企的排放水平,并按照国家新颁布的环境空气质量标准和行业污染物排放标准要求,进行行业全工序各主要污染物大气等标污染负荷分析,系统判别主要污染工序和重点污染物,明确主要控制方向;通过国内外文献资料的综合分析,重点介绍主要生产工序的颗粒物及细颗粒排放特性。针对国家当前节能减排要求和行业废气污染控制存在的问题,提出行业废气污染控制应从行业发展的多种需求整体出发,综合考虑行业布局调整、加快技术升级、注重前端和过程控制及末端治理强化多污染物协同控制的技术路线,最大限度地减轻行业的废气污染,并就深化行业废气污染控制提出相关建议。     

China Economy of Awaiting Urgently Balanced Development: On the Regional Economic Differentiation from the Perspective of Statistical Data

Based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook, this thesis analyzes and compares the economic situation and developmental dynamics of provincial administrative regions. On the basis of the available data, this paper unfolds the national economic situation by the total retail sales of social consuming goods and saving deposits. As the economic situation is largely depends on productivity, the paper further observes the productivity of different regions through local total output value, industrial output value and grain yield. It also observes the production environment from the perspectives of new fixed assets investment on infrastructure, energy consumption, gross import and export commodities, land transportation volume, water transportation volume and passenger cycle. For the convenience of regional comparison, the indicator is acquired by local per capita dividing national per capita. In order to observe the evolution dynamics, all these indicators make use of the data from any available year so as to show the rich information of the systematic regional pattern of the nation’s economy. The above 11 indicators form an eleventh dimensional space, which observes the differences in the degree of development between different regions. It also observes the different structures of different economic entities, which shows the main features of China’s economy in geographical distribution: Southern agriculture region and northern mining region provide the basic resources and cheap labor forces to support the running of coastal industry; while the products of the coastal industrial zone are exported through coastal port cities.     

城市竞争力与健康城市发展

随着城市化水平提高到49.68%,我国城市建设已经步入关键时期,城市健康发展成为进一步推进城市化和保持经济快速增长的重要议题.审视过去我国城市发展中的问题,尤其是城市发展战略缺少全球化的视角,本文引入并阐述城市竞争力与健康城市发展之间的关系,指出认识二者关系能够帮助城市更好地参与竞争,创造发展优势,克服或减少发展问题,...     

Discussion on GHG Emission Reduction in the Steel Industry

Based on the analysis of carbon emission sources in steel manufacturing process, the status quo and the characteristics of GHG emission in the steel industry are analyzed. It is concluded that CO_{2 is the major greenhouse gas that contributes to greenhouse effect and it is mainly caused by energy consumption. As there are many CO2 emission calculation methods for the steel industry or plants, involving aspects such as direct emission, indirect emission, and credits, it should be noted that it makes little sense to compare CO2 emission indexes from different sources. Based on the estimation of direct CO2 emissions in the steel industry in China from 1991 to 2008, it is indicated that the specific direct CO2 emission per ton steel is de-creased from 3.29t in 1991 to 1.92t in 2008, which shows that energy-saving and emission reduction in the Chinese steel industry has made significant progress. Besides, this paper introduces international develop-ments in low carbon technologies, such as ULCOS, COURSE 50, etc.. Meanwhile, the low-carbon technolo-gies, mainly the secondary energy utilization technologies, and CO2 emission reduction potential during the “Twelfth Five-year Plan” in China are analyzed. This paper predicts that, compared with the specific CO2 emission per ton steel in 2005, the figure in 2015 will be reduced by 104.01kg. Finally, GHG emission re-duction measures and roadmap in Chinese steel industry are put forward, and some policies are suggested.}     

Development Plan of Hamamatsu City and Its Inspiration

Japan is a developed country with government guiding the market. And in its development, much attention has been paid to the role of planning in macro control. Taking the development plan of Hamamatsu city as an example, the paper summarizes the features of planning: Complete planning system, specific planning servicing objects, transparent social-economic development stage, clear target arrangement, combined long-term and short-term development aims, great attention attached to the feasibility and practicality of the planning. Based on the overall analysis of the comprehensiveness, prospective, hierarchy, and feasibility of the development plan, and combined the reality of China’s development planning, the paper puts forward the following inspiring ideas for China’s development planning: 1) Development planning should adjust timely to the changes of economy and society in China. 2) Development planning should lead the overall situation of social and economic development. 3) Development planning should attach importance to public participation. 4) The aims of the Development planning should accord with actual local conditions. 5) The implementation of the development planning should be continuous.     

台湾山水城市理念与建设

In the history of Chinese Taiwan urban development, there are three stages of landscape concepts: be dependent on mountains and rivers, conquer mountains and rivers, and be in harmony with mountains and rivers. This article describes policies and related cases of the theory on Shan-Shui cities in Taiwan, for example some early projects like: Taipei Minsheng community, Nantou Chunghsing new town, Tainan Shalun station special district of high speed rail, Taipei’s Eco-city plan, and Taipei metropolitan green infrastructure plan, etc. Based on Qian Xuesen’s, theory on Shan-Shui cities, this paper analyzes the systematic development process of Shan-Shui cities, and its enlightenment for Taiwan.     

清洁发展机制及其面临的形势

清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism,CDM)是<京都议定书>下的三个基于市场的节能减排机制之一.由于我国是一个处于工业化发展阶段的国家,没有减排的具体额度,所以CDM机制可以很好地促进我国在经济高速发展的同时开展节能减排工作.本文主要介绍CDM的申报流程和实施步骤,综述我国CDM项目申...     

日本交通运输管理体制的特征及其借鉴

回顾了日本交通运输管理体制的演进历程,按每个发展阶段的特征将其分为分散管理时期、集中管理时期和协调发展时期,并结合国际形势、国内经济发展需求及日本国土资源条件,对每个时期交通运输管理的机构、职能、运行机制演变的背景和原因进行了分析.重点结合日本交通管理体制的基本现状,包括中央层面和道路、铁路、水路、民航等不同运输方式的管理体制,总结提炼了日本交通运输管理体制在管理方式、运行模式、中央与地方关系等方面的主要特征.同时,结合当前我国交通运输管理体制改革的阶段、方向和重点,探讨了对我国交通运输行政管理体制改革的启示.     

面向大数据的绿色IT框架能效分类机制

与分散处理相比较,大数据中心集中处理信息通信任务,在能效上已有巨大的提高。但大数据中心包括数以千万记的服务器,其能源消耗量甚至可以超过一座小型城镇。巨大的能源消耗、成吨的温室气体排放,使大数据中心在能效与减排方面面临诸多挑战,建立绿色高效的大数据中心势在必行。本文给出一个面向大数据的绿色IT框架,重点研究了能效分类问题,提出了一个基于度量模型的能效分类机制。根据工作量和能源消耗情况对设备和服务进行分类,无缝地划分为不同的资源池,将电力使用效率、数据中心工作效率和二氧化碳排放等综合计算衡量,制定可以实现并遵循的能效标准,使绘制大数据中心的碳足迹成为可能,并提供服务能效评估方案。     

中国快速城镇化过程中的问题及其消解

以统计数据及文献资料为基础,系统分析新中国城镇化历程,认为目前中国仍处于快速城镇化过程中.深入剖析了快速城镇化使城镇发展面临不完全城镇化、服务业发展滞后、城市病及扭曲的城镇建设等问题.在深入分析的基础上,作者提出科学规划是消解城镇发展当前所面临问题的重要手段,并提出:科学规划要加快体制和机制改革,以"常住人口"为基础规...     

Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of New Energy Vehicles

The development of new energy vehicle is the key to the low carbon transportation system and is very important to tackle climate problems. Nowadays, with the policy support, new energy vehicle has begun to go into the application period from the laboratory . The number of new energy vehicle is expanding. But because of the imperfectness on policy and standard and the immaturity of technology, the in-use new energy vehicles are facing big challenges. This paper first analyzes the scope and characteristics of new energy vehicles; then based on the survey of new energy bus and taxi, this paper identifies the main problems in new energy vehicle operation and management from the aspects of economic, standard, policy, planning, etc. Finally, the paper proposes some coun-termeasures and suggestions for the future development of new energy vehicle in China.     

Research on the Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment System of Super High-Rise Building

With the rapid development of the construction industry and the decrease of land resources in China , super high-rise buildings are developing rapidly in central cities. Currently, the impacts of super high-rise buildings upon the environment are becoming unnegligible. According to the impacts during stages of construction and operation management, the paper comprehensively analyzes both domestic and international green building evaluation systems and evaluation standards in consideration of the super high-rise building development trends and the approaches to tackle super-tall building’s environmental impacts and on the base of super high-rise building life cycle. The paper establishes a system of environmental impact assessment of high-rise building in accordance with the preliminary stage (project conception and feasibility study, survey), design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and the demolition stage .By means of multi level fuzzy evaluation model, the system can evaluates comprehensively the environmental friendliness of super high rise buildings in their whole life-cycles, and thus can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for environmental management on super high-rise buildings.     

城市化与工业化的因果关系——以安徽省宿州市为例

利用安徽省宿州市1999—2010年的统计数据,运用塞尔奎因-钱纳里标准法分析其城市化与工业化发展阶段,采用协整检验、Granger因果检验对其城市化与工业化的因果关系进行实证研究。结果表明：1）宿州工业化和城市化水平低于全国平均水平,均处于初期发展阶段;2）宿州城市化与工业化有高度相关关系,城市化滞后于工业化;3）宿州当前城市化发展是工业化发展的Granger原因,加快城市化发展有利于促进工业化水平提高;4）宿州城市化水平与第二产业增加值比重和第三产业增加值比重具有长期稳定的协整关系,但与非农就业人口比重不存在长期稳定的均衡关系;5）宿州城市化水平与第二产业增加值比重和第三产业增加值比重的弹性系数分别为0.21和0.86,说明其城市化水平对第三产业的拉动作用要比对第二产业的拉动作用更大一些。因此宿州市应促进人口向中心城区的集聚,发挥城市化对工业化的促进作用。     

Study on Low-Carbon Development Approaches in China

The change of global climate is closely linked to all the countries in the world. A low-carbon development model based on high energy efficiency, low power consumption and low emissions is the best choice for China to address climate change and to achieve a virtuous cycle of economic and environmental development. Under the guidance of a series of policies, some achievements in low-carbon development has been made in China. In this article, a brief introduction is given about the background, concept and necessity of low-carbon development, and then seven approaches used to achieve the goal of low-carbon development are proposed in detail, including low-carbon energy, low carbon layout, low-carbon industries, low carbon buildings, low carbon transport, low-carbon agriculture and low-carbon consumption. The positive roles of technological development and institu-tional innovation in low-carbon development are also described with examples.