Discussion on GHG Emission Reduction in the Steel Industry

Based on the analysis of carbon emission sources in steel manufacturing process, the status quo and the characteristics of GHG emission in the steel industry are analyzed. It is concluded that CO_{2 is the major greenhouse gas that contributes to greenhouse effect and it is mainly caused by energy consumption. As there are many CO2 emission calculation methods for the steel industry or plants, involving aspects such as direct emission, indirect emission, and credits, it should be noted that it makes little sense to compare CO2 emission indexes from different sources. Based on the estimation of direct CO2 emissions in the steel industry in China from 1991 to 2008, it is indicated that the specific direct CO2 emission per ton steel is de-creased from 3.29t in 1991 to 1.92t in 2008, which shows that energy-saving and emission reduction in the Chinese steel industry has made significant progress. Besides, this paper introduces international develop-ments in low carbon technologies, such as ULCOS, COURSE 50, etc.. Meanwhile, the low-carbon technolo-gies, mainly the secondary energy utilization technologies, and CO2 emission reduction potential during the “Twelfth Five-year Plan” in China are analyzed. This paper predicts that, compared with the specific CO2 emission per ton steel in 2005, the figure in 2015 will be reduced by 104.01kg. Finally, GHG emission re-duction measures and roadmap in Chinese steel industry are put forward, and some policies are suggested.}     

The Development and Utilization of Energy Resources and the Issue of Low-Carbon

The development and utilization of fossil energy including coal, oil, natural gas etc is closely related to global environmental change. The key to the solvency of the global environmental pollution and climate change is developing low-carbon and renewable energy. In this paper, we analyze in depth the relationship between the energy development and utilization and of energy resources the issue of low-carbon. This article first summarizes the history of the development of the energy revolution, described the impact of energy development on world civilization and human development; then, the article provides a detailed analysis of the progress in energy development and utilization, and the environmental problems caused by the process of development and utilization, such as air and water pollution; finally, some important measures for the development and utilization of energy resources are listed and the trend in energy development is discussed. This article puts forward 4 suggestions for China's energy development: (a) Improve energy efficiency by insisting on utilizing high-carbon energy with the model of low-carbon utilization; (b) Promote the use of low-carbon energy, and exert great efforts to develop unconventional oil and gas; (c) Strengthen international cooperation to develop overseas oil and gas market. (d) Make great efforts to develop new types of low-carbon energy and renewable energy. The development of low-carbon energy in China has great significance. The adjustment of energy structure and the development of low-carbon economy are the fundamental strategy of sustainable development of China’ s energy economy.     

Application and Development of Pyrolysis Technology in Low-Carbon Economy

The efficient, clean and low carbon utilization is the leading direction of research and development of coal utilization technology. In China, the low rank coal, represented by lignite and subbituminous coal, is dominating in coal resources, accounting for more than 55%. Low rank coal is characterized with lower coalification degree, higher volatile matter and moisture content, which lead to low efficiency in direct combustion and gasification process. Therefore, a staged conversion technology based on coal pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis technology with the features of mild conditions, simple process, wider applicability of coal, higher energy efficiency, lower water consumption, especially pyrolysis bridged hybrid power generation technology is proposed as a promising trend in research field. The process takes full advantage of coal composition characteristic to extract gas, liquid fuel, chemicals, and combined hybrid power generation. This technology can realize the improvements in energy efficiency, coal-fired efficiency, power generation efficiency, and the reduction of coal consumption, by upgrading processing, clean coal-fired of industrial boilers, integrating highly efficient steam–gas turbine combined cycle power generation technology. It aims to enhance coal comprehensive utilization efficiency, decrease pollutant and CO₂ emission, and in the end promote the development of science and technology of high efficient low-carbon utilization of low rank coal.     

清洁发展机制及其面临的形势

清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism,CDM)是<京都议定书>下的三个基于市场的节能减排机制之一.由于我国是一个处于工业化发展阶段的国家,没有减排的具体额度,所以CDM机制可以很好地促进我国在经济高速发展的同时开展节能减排工作.本文主要介绍CDM的申报流程和实施步骤,综述我国CDM项目申...     

Capacity Investigation of Local Governments and Policy Suggestions for Capacity Building to Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Controlling greenhouse gas emissions is of great significance for speeding up the transformation of economic development pattern, promoting sustainable economic and social development, advancing new industrial revolution. This paper chooses three typical regions at different development stages and with different carbon emission characteristics, namely Dongcheng District in Beijing on behalf of the developed metropolitan central city, Jiyuan City in Henan province on behalf of heavy industry city and Guangyuan City in Sichuan Province on behalf of the less developed cities. The study surveyed the status quo of the three city governments’ capacity building in controlling GHGs emissions. The survey finds that the common point of the three cities is their execu-tive power following “top-level design” to achieve energy-saving targets, while the difference lies in different in-dustrial stage and resource endowments. Based on these survey results, the paper suggests that the governments should enhance capacity building from four aspects including institution and policy, statistical system, performance appraisal and emission reduction measures to control GHGs emission.