太阳电池新材料a-SiSn:(Cl,H)的研制

本文报道了以SnCl_4为源a-SiSn:(Cl,H)的研制工作。该材料中Cl含量可通过改变衬底温度和射频功率调节,不显著地影响Sn的比例。掺入较小量的Sn可获得光学带隙较窄的材料,有利于减小材料的无序程度。     

纳米非晶硅(na-Si:H)P-i-n太阳电池

该文报道了通过适当氢稀释(RH=15)和合适的衬底温度(Ts=170℃)下，用PECVD制备得到的宽带隙氢化纳米非晶硅(na-Si：H)薄膜，并将其用作pin太阳电池的本征层。经过电池结构和工艺条件的优化设计，在p／i，i/n界面插入渐变带隙缓冲层，制备出了glass／ITO／p—a-SiC：H／i—na-Si：H／n—nc-Si：H／Al结构的pin太阳电池。电池初始开路电压(Voc)高达0．94V，同时还能保证0．72的填充因子(FF)。光电转换效率(Eff)达到8．35％(AM1．5，100mW／cm^2)。     

Isotopic effects and dehydriding kinetics in the Mg2NiH2(D2) system

Measurements of the equilibrium isotopic effects in the Mg₂Ni-hydrogen (deuterium) system are reported. The values of the enthalpies of transformation for the absorption and desorption reactions are critically compared to literature data. The dehydriding kinetics are studied, concluding that the reaction progresses by a nucleation and growth mechanism, with the hydrogen (deuterium) diffusion in the α-phase as a rate limiting process at high thermodynamic driving forces. The role of the hydride-solid solution (β/α) interface increases as the pressure approaches a value P_o, lower than the equilibrium dissociation pressure. At pressure above this P_o, the process becomes interface-controlled and an incubation time is observed in the dehydriding reactions. The activation energy for the hydrogen diffusion in α-phase has been tentatively evaluated from the kinetic data and compared to that reported in literature.     

To recover heat source G(x) + H(t) by using the homogenized function and solving rectangular differencing equations

ABSTRACT

For recovering an unknown heat source F(x, t) = G(x) + H(t) in the heat conduction equation, we develop a homogenized function method and the expansion methods by polynomials or eigenfunctions, which can solve the inverse heat source recovery problem by using collocation technique. Because the initial condition/boundary conditions/supplementary condition are satisfied automatically and a rectangular differencing technique is developed, a middle-scale linear system is sufficient to determine the expansion coefficients. After deriving a multiscale postconditioning matrix, the present methods converge very quickly, and are accurate and stable against large noise, as verified by numerical tests.     

Major and trace-element enrichments in the Karapınar coals (Konya,Turkey)

Ten major oxides and 27 trace elements were determined in 21 samples collected from four holes that were drilled into the fault-controlled coals of the Karap?nar (Turkey) basin. On the basis of X-ray diffraction analyses, the coals contain, in order of abundance, calcite, quartz, dolomite, feldspar, mica, clay minerals, and gypsum. In samples from the study area, a high level of correlation was determined between Mo, Sb, As, U, and V, and S and TOC (Mo, r = 0.697; Sb, r = 0.902; As, r = 0.927; U, r = 0.653; V, r = 0.721). Relative to coals of the world, USA, Turkey, and China, coals of the study area are seen to be enriched up to 1,000 times with respect to Mg, Ca, Na, and K. The Karap?nar coals were determined to be enriched in Pb, U, Ba, Cs, Nb, Y, Sr, Rb, Ni, Co, V, and Sc relative to average Turkish coals; in Mn, Na, Ca, Mg, Cs, Sr, Ni, and Cr relative to average Chinese coals; in Ti, K, Na, Ca, Mg, U, Ta, Ba, Cs, Sr, Rb, As, Ni, Co, V, and Cr relative to average worldwide coals; in Mn, P, Ti, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Si, U, Ta, Ba, Cs, Nb, Zr, Sr, Ni, Co, V, and Cr relative to average USA coals; and in Mn, P, Ti, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Sb, Nb, Zr, Sr, Rb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Sc relative to crustal averages (Clarke values). The aim of the present study was to determine the enrichment factors of the major- and trace-element contents of the Karap?nar coals relative to coals of the world, USA, China, and Turkey, and to crustal averages.     

Water splitting with the Mn(II)-ferrite–CaO–H2O system at 1273K

Water splitting with Mn(II) ferrites (MnFe₂O₄, Mn_0.5Fe_2.5O₄) and CaO at 1273K has been studied. The process accompanies a phase change and a calcium-manganese oxide (Ca_x(Fe,Mn)_yO_z) is formed. For CaO/MnFe₂O₄ mole ratios above 3, a single phase of Ca₃(Fe_2.02/3,Mn_0.98/3)₃O_7.02 with crystal structure of the A₃M₃O₈-type was formed for the MnFe₂O₄ sample [Mn(II)/Fe=1:2]. Associated evolution of H₂ (17.8 cm³/g) was observed. The chemical composition of the solid produced shows that the H₂ comes from oxidation of Mn(II) to the Mn(III) ion. In the Mn_0.5Fe_2.5O₄ sample [Mn(II)/Fe=1:5], the crystal structures of the solid products were assigned to types of Ca₃(Fe,Mn)₃O₈ and Ca₂Fe₂O₅, the chemical compositions of which could not be determined due to the mixed phase. The H₂ volume (21.6 cm³/g) was nearly the same as for an MnFe₂O₄ sample. Thus, the H₂ evolution reaction for the Mn_0.5Fe_2.5O₄ sample involves oxidation of both Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions in ferrite. H₂ evolution due to oxidation of Mn(II) ions in ferrites was confirmed by the fact that the H₂ volume increased in the order NiFe₂O₄≪Ni_0.5Mn_0.5Fe₂O₄<MnFe₂O₄. The Mn(II) content also increases in this same order.     

上海贯古G2-SP14(H)智能LED照明灯具(车库用)

1产品名称:贯古G2-SP14(H)智能LED灯(车库用)生产单位:上海贯古节能科技有限公司贯古G2-SP14(H)智能LED灯是我公司生产的高效节能产品,具有2项实用新型专利(一种车库双频感测多段节能装置,专利号:201120365482.2;一种轻载和重载双核双频切换模块,专利号:201120402605.5)。该产品开创性的设计以LED为光源、双核双频切换驱动电源模块,     

Lithium intercalation in the divalent metal vanadates MeV2O6 (MeCu,Co, Ni,Mn or Zn)

Divalent metal vanadates, Me_xV₂O₆, where MeCu, Co, Zn, Mn or Ni, were found to reversibly intercalate lithium. These transition metal vanadates were made by a precipitation method which formed a hydrated divalent metal vanadate (Me_xV₂O₆·2H₂O). The hydrated water was removed by heating the vanadate above 300 °C and composite electrodes were prepared with carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene. The cell voltage and energy density were dependent on both the divalent metal present and the temperature to which the vanadate was annealed. The Zn, Mn, Co and Ni vanadates were reversible to lithium intercalation at average voltages from 1.3 to 1.9 V (versus Li) and their specific capacities were dependent on the annealing temperature. The copper vanadate yielded the best cell voltage and energy density.     

a-Si:H(p)/c-Si(n)异质结太阳电池的模拟优化

通过AFORS-HET软件模拟了TCO/a-Si:H(p)/a-Si:H(i)/c-Si(n)/a-Si:H(i)/a-Si:H(n)/Ag结构的硅异质结电池中硅衬底电阻率、本征非晶硅薄膜厚度、发射极材料特性以及TCO功函数对电池性能的影响。结果表明:在其它参数不变的条件下,硅衬底电阻率越低,转换效率越高;发射极非晶硅薄膜厚度对短路电流有较大影响,发射极掺杂浓度低于7.0×10¹⁹cm^-3时,电池各项性能参数都极差;TCO薄膜功函数应大于5.2 eV,以保证载流子的输运收集。     

Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping,an addendum (1996–1998)

The article gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. This bibliography is an addendum to the Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping-a bibliography (1976–1996) published in the Int. J. Press. Ves. Piping 1996;69:279–339. The added bibliography at the end of the article contains approx. 630 references to papers and conference proceedings on the subject that were published in 1996–1998. These are classified in the following categories: linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress and deflection analyses; stability problems; thermal problems; fracture mechanics problems; contact problems; fluid–structure interaction problems; manufacturing of pipes and tubes; welded pipes and pressure vessel components; development of special finite elements for pressure vessels and pipes; finite element software; and other topics.     

Estimations of the Maximum Tangential Velocity V_(θm) in the Vortex Core Region and also the Mean Rotational Velocity V_(oi) near the Concave Wall Surface in the Returned Flow Type Cyclone Dust Collector

There are many types of cyclone dust collectors for separating the fine solid and dust particles from gases in the various industries and also in the home used purposes. For estimating the power loss and the collection efficiency, one of the most important factors is the maximum tangential velocity Vθm in the vortex core region in the cyclone body. In order to determine Vθm by the simple method, it is useful to apply the mechanical balance of the angular momentum fluxes under the assumption of Ogawa combined vortex model which is composed of the quasi-forced vortex in the vortex core region and also the quasi-free vortex surrounded the vortex core region and also under the assumption of the introduction of equivalent length Heq corresponding to the cone spaces of the cyclone body and the dust bunker. On the other hand, the mean rotational velocity Voi near the concave wall surface is also estimated by the mechanical balance of angular momentum fluxes with the moment of viscous friction force. For confirming the general applications of the obtained equations, the returned flow types cyclones changed the throat diameter D3 are designed. The material of the cyclone is the transparent acrylic resin. Therefore the inner surface of the cyclone body can be regarded as smooth surface. The comparisons of the measured velocities Vθm and Voi by a cylindrical Pitot tube are shown in good agreement with those of the proposed equations. The above stated results are described in detail.     

Reverse hydride transformations in the Pd–H system

In the present review, the development of notions about hydride transformations is described. It is shown that hydride transformations were classified as a special type of phase transition in a number of classic phase transformations. Then, the available information about reverse hydride transformations in the Pd–H system is summarized and it is shown that reverse hydride transformations in this system proceed by the mechanism of generation and growth. The C-shaped kinetic isothermal diagrams describe kinetics of direct α→β$\alpha \to \beta$ HT. Another type of kinetic diagram is typical for reverse β→α$\beta \to \alpha$ hydride transformations, and the rate of these hydride transformations just accelerates with temperature increase or hydrogen pressure decrease. Morphological peculiarities of reverse hydride transformations are described in detail. In the conclusion, a discussion of the unique role of hydrogen concentrational and hydrogen phase stresses in processes of hydride transformations is given. It has been found that these stresses are the most important thermodynamic and kinetic factors in the hydride transformation development.     

1025T/H锅炉的启动和性能验收试验(下)

六、燃烧调整试验燃烧调整试验的目的是:调整燃烧工况,掌握燃烧特性;为锅炉性能验收试验提供试验工况;寻找锅炉合理的运行方式。燃烧调整在燃烧设计煤种,机组达到设计参数,满负荷稳定运行时进行。     

浅谈(超)超临界锅炉TP347H管内壁氧化皮防治

阐述锅炉氧化皮产生原因及危害,从设计、运行、检修方面提出相应建议,以缓解氧化皮产生及脱落。     

基于IAPWS-IF97的3区T(p,h)、v(p,h)反推牛顿迭代计算

利用牛顿迭代法求解IAPWS-IF97的3区T（p，h）、v（p，h），并同时与IAPWS-IF97的3区T（p，h）、v（p，h）反推线性拟合公式从计算精度和计算效率作了比较说明。通过分析说明，其计算精度高于IAPWS-IF97的3区T（p，h）、v（p，h）反推公式，而计算效率稍逊于反推公式。     

Exploring the role of promoters (Au,Cu and Re) in the performance of Ni–Al layered double hydroxides for water-gas shift reaction

Water-gas shift (WGS) reaction is well-known industrial process targeting hydrogen production. Designing well-performing and economically profitable WGS catalysts is the key toward production of pure hydrogen for application in fuel cell processing systems. Promotional role of Au, Cu, or Re in the WGS performance of Ni–Al formulations derived from hydrotalcite precursor was analysed on the basis of deep characterization by BET, XRD, UV–Vis, XPS, and TPR measurements of as-prepared and WGS-tested samples. Additionally, modification by ceria was examined. WGS results revealed that catalyst behaviour was strongly dependent on promoter type. The best performance exhibited gold-promoted Ni–Al layer double hydroxide modified with ceria. This system showed a superior catalytic activity as 99.7% CO conversion at 220 °C that correlated well with significantly enhanced reducibility of support. Although Au-containing CeO₂-modified Ni–Al catalyst outperformed WGS activity of Cu- and Re-promoted analogues, stability of Re-containing sample and enhanced activity of Cu-based sample after tests at different reaction conditions manifested promising results. They leave open space for future investigations addressing improved catalyst performance by tuning Re⁴⁺/Re⁷⁺ redox structures or optimizing catalyst composition.     

Al(H2PO4)3对玻化微珠保温材料性能的影响

研究了结合剂Al(H2PO4)3对玻化微珠保温材料抗折/耐压强度、重烧线变化率和体积密度等性能的影响。     

Computational design of core–shell tri-metallic Pd13−nNin@Pt42 (n = 0, 1, 12, and 13) nanoparticles for H2O adsorption and dissociation

Density functional theory calculations are performed to investigate H₂O adsorption and dissociation properties on the icosahedral Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ (n = 0, 1, 12, and 13) tri-metallic core-shell nanoparticles. The adsorption of H₂O adsorption on the vertex sites of Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ (n = 0, 1, 12, and 13) nanoparticles, while the adsorption of OH on the bridge site (B1) is preferred, and H is easily absorbed on the vertex and bridge sites. In addition, the reaction pathways of H₂O dissociation on the top of vertex atom (V1) and top of the edge atom (V2) sites of Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ (n = 0, 1, and 12) nanoparticles, and V1 of the Ni₁₃@Pt₄₂ are analyzed to explore the H₂O dissociation machanisms. It is found that the addition of Ni atoms in the core of the Pd₁₃@Pt₄₂ is unbeneficial for the breakage of the OH bond for H₂O dissociation on the Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ (n = 1 and 12) except Ni₁₃@Pt₄₂ nanoparticle. Moreover, for the Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ (n = 0, 1, 12, and13) nanoparticles catalysts, the activity of H₂O dissociation reaction follows the order of Ni₁₃@Pt₄₂ > Pd₁₃@Pt₄₂ > Pd₁₂Ni₁@Pt₄₂ > Pd₁Ni₁₂@Pt₄₂, illustrating that the Ni₁₃@Pt₄₂ is the strongest activity among of the Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ (n = 0, 1, 12, and13) nanoparticles catalysts. Therefore, tuning the composition of Pd and Ni in the core of the Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ nanoparticles catalysts, the activity of Pd_13?nNi_n@Pt₄₂ (n = 0, 1, 12, and 13) nanoparticles catalysts can be modulated effectively.