烧结温度对Ti/TiN_(x)/Mn_(2)O_(3)阳极涂层性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用热分解工艺在Ti/TiN_(x)表面制备了Mn2O3催化层,研究了制备过程中烧结温度对Ti/TiN_(x)/Mn2O3阳极材料析氧电催化性能的影响。通过SEM、XRD、Raman、XPS等表征方法对Mn2O3催化层的表面微观形貌和晶体结构进行分析;通过Tafel、LSV、恒流极化、EIS、ECSA等电化学测试手段对阳极材料的耐腐蚀性能、析氧催化活性进行分析。结果表明:烧结温度对Ti/TiN_(x)/Mn2O3阳极材料的表面微观结构、Mn的价态、耐电化学腐蚀性能以及电催化性能具有较大的影响。当烧结温度为200℃时,阳极材料表面的Mn2O3催化层致密平整且结晶性最好。随着烧结温度的升高,Mn2O3催化层产生较多的裂纹,同时氧空位的含量逐渐减少,Mn(Ⅳ)逐渐增多,参与电化学反应的电极表面的活性位点数量大幅降低,抑制了析氧动力学。     

直接甲酸燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究

为了改善铂基催化剂氧化甲酸的活性,制备磷钼酸和钼酸钠修饰铂电极,并利用循环伏安曲线评价它们对甲酸氧化的电催化活性。结果表明:磷钼酸与钼酸钠修饰铂电极均可提高铂基电极氧化甲酸的催化活性。此外,NiSO4可以提高甲酸在磷钼酸修饰铂电极上的电催化氧化活性。     

硅钨酸修饰多晶铂电极及其电催化性能

通过循环伏安扫描制备了硅钨酸修饰多晶铂电极，在电极制备过程中发现，SiW12在Pt电极表面的氢区发生了氧化-还原反应，而在氧区使电极表面含氧粒子的吸附增加。通过循环伏安和恒电位I-t曲线研究了该修饰电极在硫酸溶液中的电化学行为和对甲醇氧化的电催化作用。研究结果表明：硅钨酸修饰多晶铂电极提高了甲醇氧化的催化活性和抗CO中毒性。     

改性钛阳极对甲醇的电催化作用

采用热分解法制备了用于甲醇电氧化的改性钛阳极 ,用三电极体系测试了电极对甲醇的电催化氧化。循环伏安测试表明 ,甲醇氧化过程中中间产物的存在抑制了甲醇在阳极上的电催化氧化 ;稳态极化曲线则表明 ,阳极涂层中采用SnSb掺杂 ,改性钛阳极的催化活性得到显著提高 ;而往阳极涂层中加入少量Ru后 ,由于Ru遏制了PtO2 的分解 ,钛阳极催化活性有所下降。对电极制备方法加以改进后 ,可明显看出Ru促进了电极对甲醇的电催化活性。     

氧化温度对工业纯钛氧化膜结构及阻氢性能的影响

本文研究了氧化温度对工业纯钛氧化膜结构及阻氢性能的影响。利用XRD和SEM对氧化膜相组成、表面形貌和截面形貌进行了分析。结果表明:工业纯钛在500～700℃氧化后的氧化层主要由金红石结构TiO2组成;表层氧化物的晶粒尺寸及氧化层厚度随氧化温度的提高而增加;低于500℃氧化时,氧化物晶粒较为细小,氧化层厚度较薄;高于600℃氧化时,氧化物晶粒较为粗大,氧化层较厚。氧化层的阻氢性能由氧化层厚度及致密度共同控制;氧化温度低于500℃时,随着氧化温度的升高,氧化层的阻氢性能逐渐增强;氧化温度高于500℃时,因氧化层致密度降低,其阻氢性能随氧化温度的升高而降低。     

制备温度和电流密度对不锈钢基PbO2 电极电化学性能的影响

在不同温度和电流密度的条件下,制备不锈钢基PbO2电极,分析了电极的析氧曲线及析氧动力学参数,进而考察了温度和电流密度对PbO2电极节能性和电催化活性的影响。结果表明:温度为80℃,电流密度为30mA/cm2时,制备的电极成分稳定,重现性好,可有效降低槽电压,电催化活性良好;在小电流密度下的主要产物为β-PbO2,大电流密度下生成部分α-PbO2;与传统的铅基阳极材料相比,该PbO2电极节能性和催化活性均有较大程度的提高。     

十二烷基硫酸钠对IrO2-Ta2O5/SnO2- Sb-Mn/Ti电极电催化性能影响

采用涂刷-热分解法制备不同浓度阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的IrO2-Ta2O5/SnO2- Sb-MnO2/Ti电极,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对其微观形貌及物相组成进行分析;应用循环伏安、极化等测试手段,表征制备电极的电催化活性.结果表明,适量添加十二烷基硫酸钠能够改善IrO2-Ta2O5/SnO2-Sb-Mn/Ti电极的微观形貌,提高电催化活性.在本实验条件下,SDS最佳添加量是1.6 g/L,结晶化度高达99.83%.利用苯酚电催化降解实验和强化寿命测试进一步考察所制电极的电催化活性与稳定性,结果显示,在电流密度15 mA/cm2条件下电解180 min,SDS的加入使苯酚去除率由原来的68.5%提高到79.2%.COD去除率由60.1%提高到 67.5%,电催化性能得到提升,电极强化寿命由52 h延长至68 h.     

Ti／IrO2-Ta2O5阳极的制备及其析氧电催化性能研究

通过热氧化技术在500℃条件下制备了一系列Ti／IrO2-Ta2O5阳极。采用线性扫描和循环伏安技术分析了不同铱钽比阳极涂层的析氧电流、电位和伏安电荷的变化规律，并结合扫描电镜（SEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）技术研究了Ti／IrO2-Ta2O5阳极的表面形貌、组成、结构对析氧电催化性能的影响。研究表明，在IrO2-Ta2O5涂层中，铱钽由于存在一定的互溶度而形成固溶体结构，铱钽互溶度与涂层中铱钽比有关且影响IrO2晶胞的大小。随着涂层组元IrO2含量的增加，涂层表面细小的IrO2晶体聚集体增多，析氧电催化活性增强；但当IrO2含量过多时，涂层附着力的下降和机械强度的降低对析氧电催化性能产生负面影响。IrO2-Ta2O5涂层的活性表面积不仅取决于活性组元IrO2的含量，还与涂层的结构有关。适宜的铱钽比才具有最大的催化活性。其原因可能在于涂层中加入的适量惰性元素钽与IrO2晶胞形成部分固溶体结构，增强了涂层附着力与机械强度，同时形成了多裂纹的网状表面结构，增加了涂层活性表面积，提高了电极的析氧电催化活性与电解稳定性。     

n-TiO2阴极电沉积纳米金属铂及其电化学特性

用两步法对钛基材进行阳极氧化，然后用阴极电沉积方法制备出纳米级铂镀层Ti／TiO2．Pt阳极，用场发射电子扫描显微镜（SE-SEM）分析了Pt沉积前后的表面形貌，并测试了其晶粒度。结果表明，Pt晶粒度大小为80nm～130nm，阳极不仅具有与铂阳极相似的电化学行为特征，而且通过Pt掺杂明显改善月．TiO2电极的电催化活性，并随着沉积Pt时间的增加，其电催化活性提高。     

钛基热氧化对钛阳极组织与性能的影响

将工业纯钛TA1在400～800 ℃热氧化1 h,然后用热分解方法制备RuO230%-TiO270%涂层.通过XRD、SEM分析了热氧化处理后钛基体及所制备电极的组织结构和形貌特征,采用极化曲线和循环伏安两种方法评定电极的电催化性能,用强化测试研究了这几种电极的稳定性.结果表明,随着热氧化温度的升高,基体表面的组织结构和形貌会发生变化;对应于制备的电极的电催化活性和稳定性也发生明显的变化,600 ℃以下热氧化基体制备的电极各项性能较好,500 ℃是最好的热氧化温度,制备的电极电催化活性和稳定性最好.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。