坡缕石负载纳米SO42- / TiO2固体超强酸催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯

以坡缕石(PGS)浸渍负载TiO2,H2SO4改性后制备了固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-PGS,利用红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、比表面仪对催化剂结构进行了表征。用正交设计法探讨了SO42-/TiO2-PGS对合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的催化活性,实验结果表明,在油浴温度210℃,偏苯三酸酐和2-乙基己醇的摩尔比为1∶4.5,催化剂用量为总反应原料质量的3.7%,反应6 h酯化率可达94.15%。     

疏水性双功能坡缕石固体酸的制备及催化性能研究

3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和4种不同碳数目硅烷修饰坡缕石,用双氧水氧化后得到疏水性双官能团介孔坡缕石固体酸。采用红外光谱、元素分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、NH3-TPD及N2吸附解析对其进行表征,以偏苯三酸三辛酯的合成作为探针反应对该固体酸的催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着疏水官能团烷烃链的引入,该固体酸的催化性能增强,催化剂用量下降。在反应温度为210℃,偏苯三酸酐2.4 g,酸醇摩尔比为1∶4.5,催化剂C16H33-PGS-SO3H为0.12 g(占总原料质量的1.23%),反应时间6 h的条件下,酯化率可达94.81%。     

非酸催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的研究

描述了偏苯三酸酐与2-乙基己醇合成增塑剂偏苯三酸三辛酯.通过实验,从钛酸四丁酯、铝酸钠、氧化亚锡等非酸性催化剂中选择了酯化催化性能良好的氧化亚锡作为催化剂,并探讨了催化剂氧化亚锡的用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时问及催化荆氧化亚锡的重复使用对反应结果的影响.实验结果表明,氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的最佳条件是:酸醇比为n(偏苯酸酐):n(2-乙基己醇)=1:4.5(摩尔比),催化剂用量为偏苯三酸酐质量的0.6%,反应时间为4 h,反应温度为220～238℃,催化剂氧化亚锡可以重复使用,酯化率可达99.9%.     

介孔磺酸化坡缕石的制备及催化性能

采用后合成方法制备出磺酸官能化的介孔坡缕石固体酸PGS-SO3H催化剂,通过红外光谱,X-射线粉末衍射,扫描电镜和热重等对其进行了表征,并在合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的酯化反应中进行催化性能的评价.单因素考察了催化剂用量,酸醇物质的量比,反应温度等因素对酯化反应的影响.实验结果表明:在反应温度210℃,偏苯三酸酐和2-乙基己醇的物质的量比为1∶4.5,催化剂用量为总反应原料质量的4.9％,反应6h酯化率可达96.16％.     

非酸催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的研究

本文主要描述了偏苯三酸酐与2-乙基己醇合成增塑剂偏苯三酸三辛酯。通过实验，从钛酸四丁酯、铝酸钠、氧化亚锡等非酸性催化剂中选择了酯化催化性能良好的氧化亚锡作为催化剂，并探讨了催化剂氧化亚锡的用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间及催化剂氧化亚锡的重复使用对反应结果的影响。实验结果表明，氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的最佳条件为：酸醇比为n（偏苯酸酐）：n（2-乙基己醇）=1：4．5（摩尔比），催化剂用量为偏苯三酸酐质量的0．6％，反应时间为4小时，反应温度为220～238℃，催化剂氧化亚锡可以重复使用，酯化率可达99.9％。     

SO42-/Al-SBA-15催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯

异丙醇铝作为铝源通过直接法制备Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛,经1 mol/L硫酸浸渍,得到固体超强酸SO42-/Al-SBA-15,利用X-射线粉末衍射、透射电镜和N2吸附-脱附实验对其进行表征.合成偏苯三酸三辛酯中SO42-/Al-SBA-15的催化活性高于SBA-15、Al-SBA-15,在210℃,偏苯三酸酐和2-乙基己醇的摩尔比为1∶4,催化剂用量为总反应原料质量的4％,反应6h,偏苯三酸三辛酯的酯化率为96.7％.催化剂重复使用六次,酯化率仍为94.4％.     

氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三异辛酯（TOTM）

主要研究了偏苯三酸酐与2－乙基己醇合成增塑剂偏苯三酸三异辛酯的反应过程，从氧化亚锡、钛酸四丁酯，偏铝酸钠，固体超强酸等4种非酸性催化剂中选择了酯化催化性能良好的催化剂－氧化亚锡，确定了氧化亚锡的用量，原料酯比以及反应时间对酯化反应的影响，最终确立了酯化过程的最佳工艺条件，醇酐比为4．0：1，在反应温度210℃下加热2小时，偏酐转化率为99．88％。     

偏苯三酸三甘油酯的应用开发

偏苯三酸类增塑剂系列产品包括偏苯三酸三辛酯、偏苯三酸三(810)酯、偏苯三酸三甘油酯等。这类聚酯型增塑剂具有非常优良的增塑加工性能，其中偏苯三酸三甘油酯更是此类聚酯中的佼佼者。其耐低温性、耐高温性、耐挠曲性能十分优良。在德国、美国等发达国家中已大量用于汽车制造、民用体育场所等。国内目前还仅限于偏苯三酸三辛酯的生产，对偏苯三酸三甘油酯产品还远未进行开发。     

环保型增塑剂偏苯三酸(810)酯的合成工艺研究

以偏苯三酸酐和810醇为原料,钛酸四异丙酯为催化剂,直接酯化合成环保型增塑剂偏苯三酸三(810)酯,分别考察了催化剂用量、原料摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度对酯化反应的影响。实验结果表明,直接酯化合成偏苯三酸三(810)酯的最佳工艺条件:催化剂用量为总物料量的0.07%,偏苯三酸酐与810醇摩尔比为1∶4.4,反应时间4h,反应温度230℃。钛酸四异丙酯具有催化活性好,廉价易得、无环境污染、不腐蚀设备等优点。     

浅谈偏苯三酸三辛酯的中和水洗

采用常规的中和水洗工艺无法降低偏苯三酸三辛酯（TOTM）产品酸值；酯化反应的彻底进行酸值下降也很有限；采用碱的乙醇溶液可以有效降低产品酸值。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.