进电材料及压力对半导体放电加工接触电阻的影响

为了减小半导体放电加工中的接触电阻,首先采用具有不同功函数的材料对P型硅进电,进行伏安特性测试,得出当进电材料的功函数与半导体材料功函数相近时接触电阻比较小;其次对在不同接触压力下的P型硅进行了伏安特性测试,结论表明压力越大进电材料与半导体之间的平均间隙越小进而接触电阻越小;再次利用电火花线切割(WEDM)对P型硅加工对上述结论进行了实验验证。最后提出了两项有利于减小半导体接触电阻的工艺措施,以便更好地指导半导体材料的放电加工。     

硬度对液压马达O形密封圈性能影响的分析

以仿真转台液压马达密封结构为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立其有限元模型,采用罚函数技术和库仑摩擦模型对O形密封圈和马达密封副间的摩擦接触进行有限元分析,研究O形密封圈材料硬度对接触压力、密封圈Mises应力和密封圈与马达密封副间接触面积的影响,分析接触压力、密封圈Mises应力峰值和接触面积的分布规律。结果表明：接触压力随O形密封圈材料硬度的变化呈“驼峰”式变化;在“驼峰”位置随材料硬度的增加而增大;材料硬度小于85 HA时,对O形密封圈Mises应力的影响并不明显;材料硬度大于85 HA时,Mises应力增大幅度变大,容易导致密封圈损坏;密封圈与马达轴间静接触面积整体上随密封圈材料硬度的增大而减小,故应尽量控制密封圈硬度,保证足够的接触面积。     

精密定位测试系统的设计和改进

在电接触领域中,电连接器的电接触不良会产生误码甚至使整个系统发生故障,尤其高接触电阻或由于接触压力减小造成接触对松弛而引起电连接器故障占很大比例。要从理论上精确计算实际失效样品的接触电阻或接触压力比较困难,因此研制精密定位测试系统。     

镍铬接触对接触电阻失效原因分析

描述了用于K型热电偶回路中的镍铬接触对在电连接器的振动过程中发现接触电阻变大的失效现象,从接触电阻的理论构成和失效接触对的实物状态进行原因分析,通过更换绝缘体材料、固定接触对及更换接触对等方式进行试验验证,确定主要原因。针对分析结果,通过降低表面粗糙度、提高接触压力、涂覆固体膜润滑剂和调整接触对固定机构等方式,解决了镍铬接触对在振动过程中的接触电阻失效问题。通过一系列的试验,总结了避免镍铬接触对失效的关键措施。     

大变温工况下电接触件的力学特性与接触性能分析

为提高电钻杆用冠簧式接触件在大变温钻井工况下的电接触性能,对接触件展开了力学特性和电接触性能研究。基于静力学和热力耦合有限元分析方法,通过分析簧片挠度与接触压力、插入力与插针插入深度的关系,研究了大变温工况下不同装配间隙接触件的插入力、接触压力、接触面积变化规律。研究结果表明：接触压力随挠度增大而增大,增幅逐渐减小,插入力随插入深度先增大后减小最后趋于稳定;温升导致接触件接触压力、接触面积减小,降低了电接触性能,当装配间隙为0.07 mm≤δ≤0.2 mm时对电接触性能的影响程度较小;综合考虑150 ℃下的接触压力、接触面积和最大等效塑性应变,冠簧式接触件最优装配间隙为0.07 mm。该研究结果可为电钻杆用冠簧式接触件的结构设计及优化提供参考。     

金属材料表面直流接触电阻测试方法

提出了材料表面接触电阻的测试方法,测试了几种典型材料的表面接触电阻;分析了材料表面接触电阻随压力的变化的规律。研究表明：材料的表面接触电阻是压强的函数。表面接触电阻是材料的固有属性,是材料本身的电性能所决定的,可作为材料屏蔽效能的衡量标准。     

进电方式对高阻半导体硅放电加工影响研究

进行了高阻半导体硅的放电铣削加工实验,通过检测脉冲放电电压和电流波形,对固定、旋转、随动三种进电方式下的加工情况进行了对比。结果表明：固定进电方式下,由于进电点会逐步生成不导电的钝化膜,接触电阻不断增大,回路中的总电阻不断增大,放电峰值电流逐步减小,最终导致无法加工;旋转进电方式下,由于进电电极与加工区域距离增大,导致放电回路中的体电阻不断增大,放电峰值电流也会逐步减小;随动进电方式下,放电回路中进电电极会不断刮除产生的钝化膜且极间距离维持不变,因此接触电阻和体电阻能保持始终稳定,放电加工稳定性较好。
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微动接触中分形粗糙表面的接触应力研究

表面粗糙度对微动状态下接触面的接触压力和剪切摩擦力有着显著影响.在这项研究中,创建Python脚本将Matlab中利用Weierstrass-Mandelbrot函数构造的分形表面轮廓坐标导入ABAQUS中,并使用样条曲线拟合轮廓坐标,从而构建包含粗糙表面的二维柱面/平面接触模型.采用有限元方法研究考虑粗糙表面接触的接触压力和剪切摩擦力分布,并讨论材料弹性、弹-塑性和载荷幅值对剪切摩擦力的影响.结果表明,粗糙表面的存在导致接触压力分布为非光滑曲线,局部应力集中程度高;当表面粗糙度较大时,接触面上接触压力的分布是离散的.同时发现,不同材料接触副下,剪切摩擦力沿粗糙表面的分布差异明显.     

磨粒磨损中微观接触过程的有限元分析

分析了磨粒压入被磨损材料表面、磨粒在材料表面滑动和卸载脱离接触的过程,研究了这三个接触阶段材料表层的应力应变、接触压力和接触摩擦切应力特征。结果表明,微观接触过程不仅存在材料的非线性作用和摩擦接触的状态非线性作用,而且存在着由于材料表面变形引起的几何非线性作用,被磨损材料表层的应力应变和接触压力的分布和大小与材料表面变形过程有关。     

基于多尺度模型的航空管接头密封状态影响分析

作为连接液压管路和密封管路内的高压流体的重要部件,航空管接头的可靠性和稳定性至关重要。为了更加准确地理解和分析材料参数对航空管接头密封状态的影响规律,基于管接头实际粗糙表面建立多尺度有限元接触模型,研究材料属性对管接头密封状态影响规律。结果表明：基于实际粗糙度的多尺度有限元模型可以更加准确反映出密封接触状态;当卡套材料屈服强度小于管路材料屈服强度时,管接头密封接触面积变化较小,管接头密封区域密封接触压力值随屈服强度增大而增大;当卡套材料屈服强度大于管路材料屈服强度时,管接头密封接触面积减小,对应管接头密封接触压力分布没有形成良好密封状态,即卡套材料屈服强度的选择应接近管路材料屈服强度,进而获得最佳的管接头密封状态。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.