基于FBG选频的低噪声窄线宽单频光纤激光器

采用未泵浦掺铒光纤作为饱和吸收体压缩线宽,窄带高反光纤光栅作为波长选择器件,通过偏振控制器和偏振相关隔离器控制环形腔中行波的偏振态,利用反馈电路控制980 nm泵浦源的输入电流,以减小铒离子的弛豫振荡对光强波动带来的影响。研制的光纤激光器线宽小于8 kHz,相对强度噪声（RIN）10 kHz内小于-100dB/Hz,1 kHz处1 m程差干涉仪的相位噪声小于-120 dB/（Hz）^1/2,长时间监测无跳模现象,输出激光功率稳定。     

原子干涉仪中拉曼激光的相位-频率双调制稳频

为降低拉曼激光的频率噪声,提出了一种相位-频率双调制稳频技术。用光纤电光相位调制器对激光进行调制并产生大失谐边带;用射频信号对光纤相位调制器的微波驱动信号进行频率调制,通过锁相放大法将一个大失谐边带锁到铷原子的饱和吸收谱线上。利用该技术实现了拉曼种子激光的稳频和2 GHz的移频,拉曼激光的线宽大幅压窄到56 kHz,预期拉曼激光频率噪声引起的原子干涉重力仪的单次测量噪声可降低到7×10-9/s2。     

延时自外差法线宽测量误差分析仿真及修正

讨论了移频延时自外差探测的基本原理,并对外差得到的功率谱进行了公式推导。在此基础上,对外差测量中出现的测量误差进行分析,同时设计了自外差测量实验装置进行实验对比,确定了由于延时线长度不够导致的线宽测量误差来源是因为延时时间短导致幂指数函数项波动加剧造成的;同时针对外差信号频谱为洛仑兹型和类高斯型的混合谱型,在高斯功率谱密度函数的基础上,对延时时间和1/f谱宽的影响进行了仿真计算,采用Voigt分析,提取出1/f导致的测量误差,提高了线宽测量的精度。以高斯谱宽4.5 kHz的谱型为例,对应的洛仑兹线宽约为0.68 kHz,提高了一个数量级的测量精度。     

Factors limiting the spectral linewidth of CPM-MQW-DFB lasers

A spectral linewidth of 56 kHz is achieved by a CPM-MQW-DFB (corrugation-pitch-modulated multiquantum-well distributed feedback) laser at an output power of 25 mW. To separate effects of the white noise and 1/f noise in limiting the linewidth, the authors measured the delayed-heterodyne lineshape by using a short delay-fiber. The minimum spectral linewidth is shown to be limited by white noise     

马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的定位技术研究

为了研究不同线宽的激光光源对马赫-曾德尔光纤干涉仪定位精度的影响，采用互相关定位算法原理搭建了一套扰动定位系统。采用3kHz和1MHz的半导体激光器作为系统输出光源，并对其进行多次的定点扰动，将得到的实验数据根据互相关原理做计算，并与理论推导结果进行了对比分析。结果表明，在时间域采样速率都为100MHz的情况下，系统采用3kHz的激光器时，平均定位误差为34.4m，远小于采用1MHz光源下225.4m的定位误差；在干涉仪信号臂中接入3m单模光纤，使信号臂长度和参考臂长度基本相同，可以很大程度上抑制了系统的共模噪声；窄线宽激光器可以提高系统的定位精度。该研究对于干涉仪激光器的选取、系统性能参量的评估是有积极意义的。     

窄线宽低噪声可调谐非平面环形激光器

针对空间相干光通信和探测等应用,对非平面环形激光器的线宽、噪声和调谐特性进行了系统的实验研究。单频输出功率达到752mW,光光效率42%,斜率效率54%。采用延时自外差拍频法测试了激光线宽,其随泵浦功率的增加而增大,输出功率小于200 mW 时,线宽小于1 kHz,在最高输出功率下线宽为2.3 kHz。激光强度噪声主要由弛豫振荡引起,相对强度噪声（RIN）随着泵浦功率的提高而降低。在1.78W 泵浦功率下,RIN 达到-93 dB/Hz。采用温度和压电两种方式进行了激光调谐。温度调谐范围达到62 GHz。压电调谐范围达到130MHz,响应带宽100 kHz。     

Experimental investigation of injection locking of fundamental andsubharmonic frequency-modulated active mode-locked laser diodes

Narrow linewidth and stabilized light injection is employed to reduce the phase noise and stabilize the frequencies of individual teeth of an active mode-locked laser diode (ML-LD) which is modulated by both fundamental and subharmonic frequencies of the cavity free-spectral range (FSR). We demonstrate accurate frequency control of the ML-LD using an injection seed light with linewidth of less than 100 kHz and frequency of exactly 193.1 THz; the light is generated by offset-locking to an absorption line of H¹³C¹⁵N. The teeth of the injection-locked ML-LD are anchored at 193.1 THz and are generated with 25- or 12.5-GHz sparing at the fundamental or subharmonic modulations, respectively, The teeth also have the linewidth of less than 100 kHz and the absolute frequency accuracy of better than 10 MHz. These values are the same as those of the injection seed light. The residual phase noise of the injection-locked ML-LD, estimated from the self-heterodyne spectrum, is less than 1 kHz at 20 dB down     

频谱仪快速测定窄线宽激光器线宽

针对传统光谱仪和F-P 干涉仪分辨率不能满足窄线宽激光器线宽的测量要求, 基于延时自外差法搭建测试平台.设置频谱分析仪分辨率参数抑制噪声实验, 通过使用20 km 延时光纤、80 MHz声光移频器和50:50 光纤耦合器, 通过光电探测器实现光电转换并利用频谱分析仪分析测试信号.对频谱分析仪分辨带宽RBW 和视觉带宽VBW 以及扫频范围(Scan Range)进行优化设置, 在不降低测试灵敏度的情况下, 将重叠信号分辨开, 使其不会过多滤掉高频成分而失真并对线宽功率谱峰值进行洛伦兹曲线拟合.最后得到了1 550 nm 波长可调谐光纤激光器(1 520~1 570 nm)的线宽值约为161 kHz, 为频谱仪的参数优化设置及窄线宽激光器线宽标定提供了相关参考.     

Improved optical heterodyne methods for measuring frequency responses of photodetectors

An improved optical self-heterodyne method utilizing a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tunable laser and an optical fiber ring interferometer is presented in this paper. The interference efficiency can be increased by 7 dB compared with the scheme using the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The unsteady process that the beating frequency experiences in each tuning period is investigated. According to the measurement results, the wavelength and optical power of the tunable laser will be steady when the square-wave frequency is lower than 300 kHz. It has been shown that when a square-wave voltage is applied to the phase section of the tunable laser, the laser linewidths vary in a wide range, and are much larger than that under dc voltage tuning. The errors caused by the variations in the linewidth of the beat signal and optical power can be eliminated using the proposed calibration procedures, and the measurement accuracy can, therefore, be significantly improved. Experiments show that the frequency responses obtained using our method agree well with the data provided by the manufacturer, and the improved optical self-heterodyne method is as accurate as the intensity noise technique.     

基于光纤激光器的微振动信号保真拾取干涉仪

提出了一种新型的远距离微振动信号的测量和保真拾取系统.该系统基于迈克尔逊干涉仪结构,以窄线宽光纤激光器为光源,采用相位载波零差解调方案实现信号的还原.通过优化压电陶瓷堆(PZT)相位调制器驱动电路,有效地提升了系统的频率响应范围.通过引入移相电路提高了系统的信噪比.系统在50 Hz～4 kHz频率范围内线性度良好,输出信号的信噪比为60 dB,谐波抑制比为50 dB,系统的灵敏度为1×10-5rad/Hz1/2.     

30 Hz-linewidth, diode-laser-pumped, Nd:GGG nonplanar ring oscillators by active frequency stabilisation

Reports a heterodyne linewidth of less than 30 Hz for the beatnote between the outputs of two 282 THz (1.062 mu m) Nd:GGG nonplanar ring oscillators (NPROs). The lasers were independently locked to adjacent axial modes of a high-finesse interferometer. The remnant frequency noise appears to be dominated by free spectra range fluctuations in the reference interferometer rather than by residual laser noise.<>     

Stable single-frequency fiber ring laser for 25-GHz ITU-T grids utilizing saturable absorber filter

A stable single-frequency fiber ring laser is proposed that operates in a single mode for more than an hour by incorporating unpumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) as a saturable absorber filter and optimizing the length of EDF used as gain medium. This laser can be continuously tuned to 25-GHz spacing that precisely matches the ITU-T grids by temperature control of etalon filter. This laser had a signal-to-source spontaneous emission ratio higher than 70 dB, and lasing frequencies of 361 channels was matched to ITU-T grids with excellent flatness. Frequency offset from the ITU-T grid was less than 0.14 GHz. The linewidth and the relative intensity noise value was less than 1.3 kHz and 130 dB/Hz (above 250 kHz), respectively.     

可调谐单频非平面环形腔固体激光器

研究了单块晶体成腔的单频非平面环形腔(NPRO)固体激光器,在1.83W的808nm抽运功率下输出激光1.01W,斜率效率达到60%。采用拍频的方法对激光线宽进行了测试,激光线宽小于2kHz。通过抽运电流反馈控制使弛豫振荡峰得到超过30dB的抑制;通过对激光晶体的温度调节和压电陶瓷电压调节实现了激光器频率的慢调谐和快调谐,温度慢调谐变化10℃时激光频率变化范围超过15GHz;压电陶瓷快调谐范围超过±200MHz,在大于200MHz的范围内响应时间达到45μs。     

Quantum phase noise and linewidth of a semiconductor laser

Quantum phase noise of a single longitudinal mode AlGaAs semiconductor laser is measured by converting it into intensity noise. A Michelson interferometer is used and a time delay is introduced. Results on spectral linewidth and noise spectrum are in good agreement with theoretical analyses based on a rate equation. Spectral linewidth of the semiconductor laser decreases from 100 MHz to 4 MHz in proportion to (I/Ith?1)?1 at the bias level of I/Ith=1.05 ? 1.4.     

Optical feedback phase stabilization of a semiconductor laser

The phase of optical feedback into a semiconductor laser was stabilized to maintain a minimum linewidth of 2 MHz. The scheme makes use of the linewidth information provided by a 1-MHz width external resonator. A further reduction in the laser linewidth to 300 kHz can be achieved and stabilized by using an external resonator with a narrower width.     

Miniature Nd:YAG lasers: noise and modulation characteristics

The frequency and intensity noise spectra, as well as the frequency modulation (FM) response, of 1320-nm laser-diode-pumped miniature Nd:YAG ring lasers have been measured. The frequency noise spectrum has a resonance peak at the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser (between 123 and 150 kHz) and is flat beyond 200 kHz with a spectral density of 613 rad²-Hz, much smaller than that of semiconductor lasers; the corresponding laser linewidth is less than 49 Hz. The relative intensity noise is -140 dB/Hz at the valley and has a resonance peak at the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser. The FM response is flat from DC to 110 kHz and is in the 0.65-3 MHz/V range; the modulation frequency is limited by the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser     

激光器线宽对-OTDR系统性能影响的研究

为了对相位敏感光时域反射系统进行优化设计,采用相位敏感光时域反射原理搭建了一套多点入侵检测系统,通过数值模拟和实验分析了激光器线宽对系统性能的影响,由理论分析发现,随着激光器线宽的增大,系统探测到的后向相干瑞利散射的波纹逐渐平滑,系统的信噪比和定位精度也随之降低,直至不能定位和识别干扰信息;并利用7km的光纤进行了相关实验。结果表明,当激光器线宽由5kHz增加到200kHz时,系统探测到的后向瑞利散射信号出现了较大的平滑,信噪比则由12dB减小到3dB,这与理论分析的规律一致。     

Comparison of DFB laser linewidth measurement techniques results from COST 215 round robin

An interlaboratory comparison on four different linewidth measurement techniques is performed for twelve DFB lasers from various manufacturers. The measured linewidths agree very well for the lasers that have a flat frequency noise spectrum. Differences of more than a factor of 2 in measured linewidth for some of the other lasers can be explained by an increased level of the low frequency noise spectrum recognised by a Michelson interferometer. The conclusion is made that the application of the laser determines what is the best definition of linewidth and which is the best method for its measurement.<>     

Laser linewidth requirement for eliminating modal noise in pulse frequency modulation video transmission

The relation between laser linewidth and modal noise was studied in a pulse frequency modulation transmission system through employing a distributed feedback laser which shows linewidth broadening of more than 2 Å. A 6-dB signal-to-noise ratio fluctuation for a 7-km transmission system, using a conventional Fabry-Perot laser, was reduced to 0.3 dB for 1.8-Å linewidth. It is pointed out that more than 1-Å linewidth is required to reduce the modal noise and to obtain a high-quality PFM transmission system.     

激光雷达用高性能光纤激光器

系统研究了窄线宽低噪声单频连续光纤激光器、高能量纳秒长脉冲单频光纤激光器以及高峰值功率纳秒短脉冲光纤激光器三类高性能光纤激光器:实现了工作于1、1.5及2 m波段的单频连续光纤激光器,典型光谱线宽小于3 kHz,强度噪声接近于散粒噪声极限;实现了高能量单频光纤激光器,脉冲能量超过200 J,重复频率20 kHz,脉冲宽度100~500 ns,激光波长位于1.5 m波段;实现了高峰值功率纳秒短脉冲光纤激光器,峰值功率超过700 kW,重复频率10 kHz,脉冲宽度3 ns;同时还实现了高重频高峰值功率纳秒短脉冲光纤激光器,峰值功率超过200 W,重复频率3 MHz,脉冲宽度1~5 ns。文中阐述了以上几类高性能光纤激光器在激光雷达探测系统中的应用前景。