菌核净对几种病害防效好

据浙江十里丰农场农科所使用40％菌核净(纹枯利)可湿粉,几年来对油菜菌核病、大麦赤霉病和水稻纹枯病进行了小区药效对比和大田示范试验,用药总面积达到三百多亩,全部取得了较好的效果。菌核净对油菜菌核病的防治,从目前看是一种效果良好的农药。大田的防治病害效果达到94％,超过托布津(90％)和多菌灵(81％)的效果。使用方法是40％菌核净稀释1000倍液,每亩喷液量150斤,于     

菌核净系列新农药防治油菜菌核病的效果及机理

在湖北武汉、武穴、江西宜春等地进行了菌核净、复方菌核净等农药防治油菜菌核病的试验。结果表明：菌核净系列新农药对油菜菌核病防效良好，亩用有效成分２６．７克时防效均达８０％以上。适宜的使用浓度为亩用有效成分２０．０～２６．７克，菌核净完全抑制菌核形成和菌丝生长的有效成分浓度分别为２ｐｐｍ和２０ｐｐｍ，抑制子囊孢子萌发的ＬＣ５０为１７．７５ｐｐｍ；兼具保护作用和治疗作用，有内渗性但无内吸性。在施用浓度为     

快得净防治油菜菌核病试验

1999－2001年进行的田间试验结果表明，27％快得净（多菌灵＋烯唑醇）可湿性粉剂对油菜菌核病具有良好的防治效果，800倍液处理的防效在65％以上，与多菌灵相当且优于烯唑醇，适宜浓度为600－800倍液。     

25%咪鲜胺乳油防治油菜菌核病的效果

2000年－2001年用咪鲜胺进行了防治油菜菌核病的田间药效试验。结果表明，25％咪鲜胺乳油1000、2000、3000倍三种浓度的防效分别为78．2％－80．0％、73．7％－75．2％和60．1％－60．7％，田间应用的最佳浓度是2000倍液。     

平贝母菌核病的药剂防治试验

分别在2004、2005年,应用50％多菌灵WP、70％甲基硫菌灵WP、25％咪鲜胺EC、40％菌核净WP田间防治平贝母菌核病,结果表明：25％咪鲜胺Ec的防治效果最好,用量1500mL,hmz（制剂用量）,防效达87．6％;40％菌核净WP次之,用量1500g／hm^2,防效达80．0％。     

溶菌灵防治油菜菌核病的效果

田间试验结果表明,在油菜盛花期,用３５％溶菌灵ＳＣ６００、８００倍液对油菜菌核病的防效分别为９０．１％和８４．７％,增产２１．５％以上,明显优于常规药剂多菌灵,且对油菜霜霉病具兼治作用。     

戊唑醇和菌核净复配对油菜菌核病病原菌的增效作用

[目的]研究戊唑醇和菌核净复配对油菜菌核病病原菌的增效作用,对防治油菜菌核病具有重要意义。[方法]采用室内生长速率法、复配制剂的活体组织法和温室盆栽法试验测定了戊唑醇和菌核净复配对油菜菌核病病原菌的增效作用。[结果]戊唑醇和菌核净以质量比为1∶20、5∶44、5∶26、10∶33、5∶11、15∶22、12∶11、20∶11和21∶5复配后对油菜菌核病病原菌具有增效作用,且当二者配比为12∶11时共毒系数最高,为154.7。将戊唑醇和菌核净以12∶11复配加工成可湿粉剂进行复配药剂的活体组织法试验时共毒因子为26.9,表现为增效作用;将复配制剂分别作为保护剂和治疗剂进行温室盆栽法试验时,共毒因子分别为28.0和36.4,表现为增效作用。戊唑醇和菌核净的质量比为12∶11时为最佳配比。     

灰霉灵防治灰霉病的田间药效

田间试验结果表明，４５％灰霉灵ＷＰ４００，５００和６００倍三种浓度处理的防效分别为６７．７０％，６４．２４％和５３．９０％，均高于对照药剂多菌灵（４０．５９％）和菌核净（３０．３５％）达极显著水平，其中灰霉灵稀释５００倍处理的防效与６００倍处理的防效差异显著，而与４００倍处理的防效处于同一水平。灰霉灵的室内抑菌效果 理想。     

~(14)C—菌核净的合成及其在油菜上残留动态研究

前言菌核净,曾用名纹枯利。化学名称为N-(3,5-二氯苯基)丁二酰亚胺,是一种新亚胺类农用杀菌剂。据报导,菌核净对油菜菌核病,水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病,烟草赤星病等具有良好的防治     

吡虫啉防治柑桔黑刺粉虱,蚜虫试验

本文报道了吡虫啉在柑桔上的应用结果。用１０％吡虫啉２５００－１００００倍液喷雾一次，对柑桔黑刺粉虱防效达９１．１－１００％，对桔蚜防效达８５．３－１００％，持效期３０天以上，明显优于水胺硫磷和氧乐果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。