不同扩展准则下混凝土断裂全过程分析

分别采用基于双K断裂模型和虚拟裂缝模型的裂缝扩展准则,计算了混凝土三点弯曲梁试件的荷载-裂缝口张开位移曲线(P-CMOD曲线),并与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明:基于两种模型的裂缝扩展准则的计算结果与试验结果差别不大,但采用基于双K断裂模型的裂缝扩展准则计算的结果与试验结果更为接近.     

混凝土Ⅰ型裂缝的损伤断裂判据

把损伤理论引入混凝土的断裂分析中，推导出混凝土Ⅰ型裂缝在静、动荷载作用下裂缝端部损伤区长度的计算公式，给出了混凝土允许损伤尺度的定义、计算公式和新的损伤断裂判据，实现了损伤与断裂力学的有机结合。提出的损伤断裂判据与国内外一系列实验结果吻合良好。     

混凝土软化本构曲线形状对双K断裂参数的影响

双K断裂准则能够定量描述混凝土结构裂缝的起裂、稳定扩展和失稳断裂.通过简便的试验和基于裂缝扩展粘聚力的解析方法,可计算双K断裂参数KIc ini和KIc un.反映粘聚力变化规律的软化本构曲线形状影响起裂韧度KIc ini的确定.对于简单实用的双线性软化本构曲线而言,取ws=CTODr,并引入一个直接影响混凝土软化本构曲线形状的参量λ,结合本课题组新近所做的三点弯曲切口梁试验,调整参数λ,得到了与实测结果相符的双线性软化本构曲线形状,用于确定双K断裂参数.     

基于裂缝扩展准则的混凝土重力坝裂缝扩展全过程数值分析

将裂缝扩展准则应用于混凝土重力坝裂缝扩展全过程分析,结合虚拟裂缝模型计算了经典混凝土重力坝模型的断裂特性,并与其他数值方法进行了对比.结果表明:利用该数值方法得到的混凝土重力坝模型的外荷载-裂缝口张开位移曲线及裂缝扩展路径与试验结果均吻合良好;当给定了混凝土材料的起裂断裂韧度、断裂能、抗拉强度等参数后,即可采用该数值方法对混凝土重力坝裂缝扩展全过程进行分析.     

橡胶混凝土断裂性能试验研究

开展了橡胶混凝土三点弯曲梁断裂试验,获得了不同试件尺寸和橡胶掺量下的裂缝断裂全过程曲线,对橡胶混凝土断裂能GF及裂缝扩展K-R阻力曲线进行研究。基于数字图像相关方法,获得了橡胶混凝土试件垂直于裂缝扩展方向的全场位移和应变信息,对裂缝扩展的损伤断裂演化过程进行研究。结果表明:随试件尺寸增加和橡胶掺量提高,断裂能均呈现出上升趋势;K-R阻力曲线随试件尺寸变化表现出明显尺寸效应,橡胶掺量在0%~14%设计范围内时,K-R阻力曲线与橡胶掺量无关。     

基于不同意义断裂韧度的混凝土有效裂缝扩展量计算模型

针对混凝土有效裂缝扩展量存在尺寸效应的问题,结合名义断裂韧度和失稳断裂韧度尺寸效应公式对混凝土有效裂缝扩展量计算模型做了研究,得到了反映尺寸效应规律的有效裂缝扩展量的计算模型。通过对已有常态混凝土和课题组所做的碾压混凝土试验资料的分析,得到了两个模型对于混凝土的有效裂缝扩展量计算值。与试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明对于常态混凝土,含名义断裂韧度的模型适用于单直线软化模型,含失稳断裂韧度的模型较较适用于抛物线模型;而对于碾压混凝土,尺寸增大时接近单直线模型,且用名义断裂韧度模型计算更为接近。     

混凝土结构裂缝扩展的双G准则

断裂力学基本上有两种分析裂缝稳定性的方法 :应力强度因子法和能量法。在混凝土断裂性能的描述上两者应该是等效的。针对目前大多数混凝土断裂模型以应力强度因子型的断裂韧度作为判定准则 ,本文尝试从能量的角度出发 ,结合线弹性断裂力学和虚拟裂缝区上的黏聚力分布 ,以能量释放率G作为断裂性能判定参数 ,建立了混凝土结构裂缝扩展的双G准则。与双K断裂参数相对应 ,双G准则引入了两个重要的裂缝扩展判定参量 :起裂断裂韧度GiniIc 和失稳断裂韧度GunIc 。其中 ,起裂断裂韧度GiniIc 对应于起裂荷载Pini和初始裂缝长度a0 ;失稳断裂韧度GunIc 对应于极值荷载Pmax和临界有效裂缝长度ac。根据线性渐进叠加假定 ,可以把 (Pini,a0 )和(Pmax,ac)代入线弹性断裂力学相对应的公式直接求得GiniIc 和GunIc 。考虑到起裂荷载Pini的不易确定性 ,本文引入黏聚力分布引起的能量损耗GcIc,通过三者GiniIc 、GunIc 和GcIc的关系 ,给出了起裂断裂韧度GiniIc 和失稳断裂韧度GunIc的适用计算公式 ,并通过三点弯曲梁实验得到了验证。     

结构钢材基于CTOD的裂纹扩展阻力曲线的低温试验研究

裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)是材料断裂分析的重要判据指标。在钢材韧性较好的时候,随着裂纹的扩展,构件的承载力也会有所提高,说明随着裂纹扩展,裂纹尖端的断裂韧度有所升高。裂尖断裂韧度与裂纹扩展量的关系曲线称为裂纹扩展阻力曲线。裂纹扩展阻力曲线反映了构件断裂过程与构件的断裂模式、承载力的有关系。本文根据结构钢材低温断裂试验的结果,分析了常用结构钢材的低温条件下基于CTOD指标的裂纹扩展阻力曲线,试验结果可为钢结构断裂设计提供依据。     

混凝土I型裂缝的损伤断裂判据

把损伤理论引入混凝土的断裂分析中，推导出混凝土I型裂缝在静、动荷载作用下裂缝端部损伤区长度的计算公式，给出了混凝土允许损伤尺度的定义、计算公式和新的损伤断裂判据，实现了损伤与断裂力学的有机结合。提出的损伤断裂判据与国内外一系列实验结果吻合良好。     

Correlation between tension softening relation and crack extension resistance in concrete

Changes of the material fracture energy consumption with crack propagation can be described by a crack extension resistance curve, one of the fundamental fracture criteria in crack mechanics. Recently, experimental observation of the fracture behavior in concrete was used to develop a new fracture criterion, the crack extension G_R resistance curve, to analyze crack propagation during the entire concrete fracture process. The variation of the crack extension resistance is mainly associated with the energy consumption in the fracture process zone ahead of the stress-free crack tip. The crack extension resistance is then a function of the softening curve, which is a basic mechanical property in the fracture process zone. The relationship between the softening curve and the crack extension G_R resistance curve is then analyzed based on results of three-point bending beams tests. The results indicate that the characteristic points of the crack extension resistance G_R curve is closely related to the characteristic point on used tension softening curve.     

Correlation between tension softening relation and crack extension resistance in concrete

Changes of the material fracture toughness with crack propagation can be described by a crack extension resistance curve, one of the fundamental fracture criteria in crack mechanics. Recently, experimental observation of the fracture behavior in concrete was used to develop a new fracture criterion, the crack extension G _R resistance curve, to analyze crack propagation during the entire concrete fracture process. The variation of the crack extension resistance is mainly associated with the energy consumption in the fracture process zone ahead of the stress-free crack tip. The crack extension resistance is then a function of the softening curve, which is a basic mechanical property in the fracture process zone. The relationship between the softening curve and the crack extension G _R resistance curve is then analyzed based on results of three-point bending beams tests. The results indicate that the characteristic points of the crack extension resistance G _R curve is closely related to the characteristic point on used tension softening curve. __________ Translated from Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2008, 48(3): 316–320 [译自: 清华大学学报(自然科学版)]     

Fracture resistance on aggregate bridging crack in concrete

Fracture toughening exhibited in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete is often mainly related to the action of aggregate bridging, which leads to the presence of a fracture process zone ahead of stress-free cracks in such materials. In this investigation, the fracture resistance induced by aggregate bridging, denoted by G _I-bridging, in the primary focus. In order to quantitatively determine it, a general analytical formula is firstly developed, based on the definition of fracture energy by Hillerborg. After this, we further present the calculated procedures of determining this fracture resistance from the recorded load vs. crack opening displacement curve. Then, both numerical simulations and fracture experiments are performed on concrete three-point bending beams. Utilizing the obtained load against crack opening displacement curve, the value of G _I-bridging at any crack extension as well as the change of G _I-bridging with the crack extension is examined. It is found that G _I-bridging will firstly increase with the development of crack and then stay constant once the initial crack tip opening displacement reaches the characteristic crack opening displacement w ₀. The effects of material strength and specimen depth on this fracture resistance are also investigated. The results reveal that the values of G _I-bridging of different specimens at any crack propagation are strongly associated with the values of fracture energy of specimens. If the values of fracture energy between different specimens are comparable, the differences between G _I-bridging are ignored. Instead, if values of fracture energy are different, the G _I-bridging will be different. This shows that for specimens with different strengths, G _I-bridging will change greatly whereas for specimens that are different in depth, whether G _I-bridging exhibits size effect depends on whether the fracture energy of specimens considered in the calculation of G _I-bridging is assumed to be a size-dependent material parameter.     

岩石材料裂纹尖端起裂特性研究

 通过综合考虑Williams展开式中奇异应力项和非奇异应力项(T应力),运用断裂力学方法深入探讨远场拉–压、压–压应力组合下裂纹尖端起裂特性。在最大周向应力准则中考虑T应力的影响作用,并将其作为拉伸破裂判据;在剪切破裂方面,提出考虑法向应力影响的最大剪应力准则。通过对拉伸和剪切破裂发生条件的探讨,进一步阐明剪切破坏与裂纹倾角、内摩擦角、抗拉强度、黏聚力等参数之间的关系。研究结果表明,Williams展开式中非奇异应力项对于裂纹起裂角有重要的影响,所提出理论比传统理论计算的起裂角与实验结果更加吻合。随着内摩擦角的增大,剪切破裂减弱而拉伸破裂增强。随着黏聚力增大或者抗拉强度降低,拉伸破裂增强而剪切破裂减弱。     

断裂力学钢筋混凝土结构中裂纹发展过程分析

基于断裂力学的基本原理，从改变结构中裂纹受力状况入手，论述了各种状态的应力强度因子，对钢筋混凝土中裂纹扩展状况及与混凝土应力强度因子的关系进行了分析，采取必要的措施降低裂纹的应力强度因子，达到显著效果。     

浅谈水泥混凝土路面的抗裂措施

详细分析了水泥混凝土路面的抗裂措施,包括减少水泥混凝土路面的缺陷、提高水泥混凝土路面的韧度、降低路面板早期收缩应力、减小路面板使用荷载应力等,提出了目前工程中应用的抗裂措施的主要功能以解决水泥混凝土路面的破坏问题。     

标准钢筋混凝土三点弯曲梁双K断裂特性试验研究

为研究缝高比对钢筋混凝土起裂韧度、失稳韧度等断裂参数的影响,以及钢筋在混凝土裂缝扩张过程中对裂缝的限制作用,设计制作了4组初始缝高比分别为0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5的标准钢筋混凝土三点弯曲梁,对其进行了断裂性能试验研究。根据试验现象分析了裂缝扩展过程,在此基础上建立了断裂韧度计算模型,给出了考虑钢筋限裂作用后的有效裂缝长度计算式。研究结果表明：在引入适应于钢筋混凝土的断裂韧度后,其裂缝扩展过程也可以用双K断裂准则来描述;当试件的初始缝高比大于或等于0.4时,钢筋混凝土三点弯曲梁的起裂断裂韧度和失稳断裂韧度与初始缝高比无关;声发射参量可以准确地确定试件的起裂荷载值,而且与传统的应变片法相比,声发射信号能更好地反映试件内部真实的起裂状态。     

谈大体积混凝土结构裂缝控制的综合措施

针对大体积混凝土结构的裂缝控制问题,通过分析研究,提出了裂缝控制的综合措施,以避免大体积混凝土裂缝的发生,进而提高建筑物的抗渗能力,确保建筑物的使用功能。     

水泥砂浆断裂韧度的尺寸效应研究

用两种不同配合比的水泥砂浆分别制作了三组几何相似的矩形截面直裂缝三点弯曲梁.在MTS815材料试验机上进行试验,记录了试件的荷载-加载点位移(P-δ)和荷载-裂缝端口张开位移(P-ωCMOD)的全过程曲线.利用最大荷载和初始裂缝长度求得的线弹性断裂韧度存在明显的尺寸效应.为此,基于虚拟裂缝模型,认为裂缝端口张开位移是荷载、自霞和黏聚力共同作用的结果,求解该位移公式得到断裂过程区长度值,用断裂过程区长度修正初始裂缝长度后,再代入三点弯曲梁应力强度因子公式,进而得到尺寸效应程度较弱的等效断裂韧度值.