浅谈陆相断陷湖盆沉积速率的求取方法——以沾化凹陷沙四段—孔店组为例

沉积速率是指在一定地质历史时期内,表征地层在沉积历史时期的快慢程度[1],其求取方法多种多样,本文对其值的求取采取用地层原始厚度除以该地层沉积期的绝对年龄。沉积速率作为沉积速率剥蚀量计算方法的参数,对恢复区内埋藏史、热史以及生烃史具有重要意义。本文通过深井的地层数据以沾化凹陷渤深5、罗14、桩深1井为例进行了沉积速率的求取并取得了比较精确的成果。     

The effects of oxygen on the yields of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during the pyrolysis and fuel-rich oxidation of catechol

To better understand the effects of oxygen on the formation and destruction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during the burning of complex solid fuels, we have performed pyrolysis and fuel-rich oxidation experiments in an isothermal laminar-flow reactor, using the model fuel catechol (ortho-dihydroxybenzene), a phenol-type compound representative of structural entities in coal, wood, and biomass. The catechol pyrolysis experiments are conducted at a fixed residence time of 0.3 s, at nine temperatures spanning the range of 500-1000 °C, and under varying oxygen ratios ranging from 0 (pure pyrolysis) to 0.92 (near stoichiometric oxidation). The PAH products, ranging in size from two to nine fused aromatic rings, have been analyzed by gas chromatography with flame-ionization and mass spectrometric detection, and by high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array ultraviolet-visible absorbance detection. The quantified PAH products fall into six structural classes: benzenoid PAH, indene benzologues, fluoranthene benzologues, cyclopenta-fused PAH, ethynyl-substituted PAH, and methyl-substituted PAH. A comparison of product yields from pyrolysis and fuel-rich oxidation of catechol reveals that at temperatures <800 °C, where only two-ring PAH are produced in significant quantities, increases in oxygen concentration bring about increases in yields of the two-ring aromatics indene and naphthalene. At temperatures >800 °C, increases in oxygen concentration bring about dramatic decreases in the yields of all PAH products, due to oxidative destruction reactions. The smaller-ring-number PAH are produced in higher abundance under all conditions studied, and the oxygen-induced decreases in the yields of PAH are increasingly more pronounced as the PAH ring number is increased. These observations regarding PAH ring number, from the fuel-rich oxidation experiments with catechol, fully support our finding from catechol pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen: that PAH formation and growth occur by successive ring-buildup reactions involving the C₁-C₅ and single-ring aromatic products of catechol’s thermal decomposition. The yield/temperature data reported here represent one of the most extensive quantifications of the effects of oxygen on PAH produced during the pyrolysis of any fuel.     

三维地震技术在卫城油田开发中的应用前景

本文对三维地震技术在卫城油田应用四年来的效果进行了详细分析,在此基础上指出三维地震技术在卫城油田的应用前景,对指导卫城油田开发具有重要意义。     

地震属性分类及其应用

地震资料解释（尤其是三维地震资料解释）技术的应用与发展促进了地震属性的出现、发展及其应用,从而导致了地震属性分析技术已成为现代油气资源勘探和开发工作中不可或缺的常规技术。地震属性研究经过了40年左右的发展,迄今为止,已经提出了许多含义各异的地震属性,却很难对它们进行统一的分类。对目前地震属性的分类进行了总结,这将有助于解释人员对地震属性有更全面的理解及针对性的应用。最后给出地震属性应用的实例。     

准噶尔盆地石南地区头屯河组岩性圈闭识别

准噶尔盆地腹部石南地区油气藏的形成具有多源、多灶、多期成藏、源外次生的特点。该地区沉积体系复杂,经过多年来的研究,沉积体系的认识尚不统一。本论文着眼于研究区的所有井点,利用井震结合的方法进行研究区头屯河组二段的精细沉积相研究,并结合地震属性分析预测此层位岩性圈闭有利发育区带,分析其岩性圈闭主控因素。最后,优选石南8井北岩性圈闭作为实例,对其储盖组合、成藏条件进行评价。     

塔里木盆地于其-草湖地区典型地震相识别与分析

于奇-草湖地区是塔里木盆地塔河油田外围重要的油气勘探地区。依据各种地震反射标志,利用地震反射波的振幅、连续性、内部结构和外部形态等地震反射特征,总结划分出叠瓦型前积地震相、丘状地震相、河道充填地震相、杂乱地震相、空白地震相和席状地震相等6种地震相类型,对不同地震相所指示的沉积相做出了合理的解释。     

Attack Rate and Success of the Parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae on Specialist and Generalist Feeding Aphids

Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) is a specialist crucifer feeding aphid and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is a generalist feeding aphid. The foraging behavior of Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh), a parasitoid with the ability to parasitize both of these species, was assessed using a series of attack rate and success bioassays, with turnip, Brassica rapa var rapifera, as the host plant. The attack rate of D. rapae was significantly greater on L. erysimi than on M. persicae when aphids were feeding on turnip leaf discs in Petri dishes, irrespective of the aphid species upon which the parasitoids were originally reared. Attack rate bioassays with leaf discs absent, using both satiated and starved aphids, revealed that background chemistry and internal aphid chemistry may have small effects on attack rate. Excision of D. rapae pupae from mummy cases and subsequent use of the fully developed adults in attack rate bioassays showed that cues received by D. rapae at the time of adult emergence provide cues that prime D. rapae to attack L. erysimi at a greater rate than M. persicae. However, the relative success of D. rapae on these two aphid species, in terms of the percentage of attacks resulting in a successful adult parasitoid, was not significantly different.     

太湖流域农村生活污水的现状与治理对策研究

近年来,太湖地区农村生产生活方式结构的改变引起了一系列的环境问题,水质下降,氮磷的大量排放导致水体严重富营养化。文章分析了太湖流域农村生活污水的现状和污染成因,并对适合于太湖流域农村生活污水处理的技术措施和方法进行了分析和比较。     

X851井区测井约束反演方法及应用

该文论述了基于模型的测井约束反演方法的基本原理及技术流程,对测井约束地震反演中的关键技术环节作了探讨。同时由于地下情况的复杂性及反演资料的多解性,故对约束反演解决问题的能力做出了客观评价并提出提高反演效果的策略。该文对X851井区进行了测井约束反演研究,结合测井解释成果及反演结果对储层做出评价,预测了该区须四段砂体储层的空间展布特征。